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EC number: 227-563-7 | CAS number: 5888-87-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
Positive result for genotoxicity; Cytotoxicity observed above 253 µg/mL in the absence and presence of S9 metabolism.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2013
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD 487
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- mammalian cell gene mutation assay
- Species / strain / cell type:
- Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO)
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 1970, 1130, 643, 368, 210, 120, 68.6, 39.2, 22.4 and 12.8 μg/mL
- Vehicle / solvent:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: DMSO
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- no
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- cyclophosphamide
- mitomycin C
- other: colchicine
- Evaluation criteria:
- A test item will be considered as clearly positive in this assay, if the following criteria are met:
(i)
Significant increases in the proportion of micronucleated cells over the concurrent controls occur at one or more concentrations.
(ii)
The proportion of micronucleated cells at such data points exceeds the normal range. If the increases fall within the range of values, normally observed in the negative control cultures, the test item cannot be classified as positive. Any significant increases over the concurrent negative controls will therefore be compared with historical control values derived from recent studies.
(iii) There is a significant dose-relationship.
Results which only partially satisfy the above criteria will be dealt with on a case-by-case basis. Similarly, positive responses, seen only at high levels of cytotoxicity, will require careful interpretation when assessing their biological significance. - Statistics:
- The numbers of binucleated cells with micronuclei in the control and treated cultures will be compared using an appropriate statistical method. The solvent controls will be used as the reference point for comparison in the statistical evaluation and the evaluation of the results.
- Species / strain:
- Chinese hamster Ovary (CHO)
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- positive
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- Cytotoxicity above 253 ug/mL in the absence and presence of S9 metabolism.
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: Following treatment with the test item, no remarkable variation of pH over the control values was observed in the absence or presence of S9 metabolism.
- Effects of osmolality: Following treatment with the test item, no remarkable variation of osmolality over the control values was observed in the absence or presence of S9 metabolism. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
positive
annex VIII, 8.4 - Executive summary:
On the basis of the results obtained, it is concluded that BRUGGOLEN M12 induces micronuclei in Chinese hamster V79 cells after in vitro treatment in the absence and presence of S9 metabolic activation, under the reported experimental conditions.
Therefore, according to ECHA's guidance R.7a "Endpoint specific guidance", no second in vitro testing has to be performed but a testing proposal for an in vivo testing (REACH Annex IX) has to be submitted (see section 7.6.2).
Reference
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Presence of S9 metabolism |
Absence of S9 metabolism |
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Treatment |
Dose level |
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|
µg/mL |
%Mn cells |
Sig. |
%Cytotoxicity |
%Mn cells |
Sig. |
%Cytotoxicity |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Untreated |
0.0 |
1.00 |
|
15 |
0.60 |
|
3 |
||
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|
|
|
|
|
||||
Solvent 1% |
0.0 |
1.05 |
|
0 |
0.60 |
|
0 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Test item |
176 |
- |
|
- |
0.65 |
NS |
22 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Test item |
211 |
1.35 |
NS |
18 |
1.10 |
NS |
22 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Test item |
253 |
11.0 |
*** |
35 |
3.60 |
*** |
58 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Test item |
311 |
13.1 |
*** |
64 |
- |
- |
- |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Mitomycin-C |
0.300 |
- |
- |
- |
5.70 |
*** |
19 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Colchicine |
2.50 |
- |
- |
- |
8.90 |
*** |
§ |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cyclophosphamide |
10.0 |
5.80 |
*** |
52 |
- |
- |
Key:
%Mn cells : Percentage of cells bearing micronuclei
Sig. : Statistical significance
NS : Not significant
- : Not tested or not selected for scoring
* : Statistically significant at p<0.05
** : Statistically significant at p<0.01
*** : Statistically significant at p<0.001
§ : not calculated - induction of multinucleation was attributable to multipolar division as a
consequence of induction of multipolar spindles
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (positive)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Description of key information
On the basis of the results obtained, it is concluded that N,N'-hexane-1,6-diylbis(hexa-hydro-2-oxo-1H-azepine-1-carboxamide), administered by oral gavage, does not induce micronuclei in the polychromatic erythrocytes of treated rats, under the reported experimental conditions.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 05/2016 to 10/2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 474 (Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of assay:
- mammalian germ cell cytogenetic assay
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: 15112601
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: 30.11.2020
- Purity test date: Nov. 2015
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: Room temperature
- Stability under test conditions: stable
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: dispersion in corn oil - Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- The animals were housed up to 5 per cage, by sex, in polysulphone H-Temp solid bottomed
cages with suitable nesting material. Animal room controls were set to maintain temperature
and relative humidity at 22 °C±2 °C and 55%±15% respectively. Actual conditions were
monitored daily, recorded and the records retained. The animals were kept in a 12 hour
light/dark cycle. Food and drinking water were supplied ad libitum. The animals were maintained
on a commercially available laboratory rodent diet (Mucedola 4RF21 S.r.l., Settimo
Milanese,Milano, Italy). Records of analysis of drinking water and diet are retained at RTC. - Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- - Vehicle(s)/solvent(s) used: corn oil
- Details on exposure:
- PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
On Day 1 and Day 2 of treatment, the amount of supplied test item to be administered was
calculated for each animal according to body weight.
Vehicle and test item suspensions were administered by oral route using a catheter at a dose
volume of 10mL/kg. All animals were dosed twice, at a 24 hour interval, with either the
vehicle alone (vehicle control) or the test item at the selected dose levels. For animal nos. 20,
30 and 56, since on the first day of dosing the required volumes of test item formulations
were not sufficient, it was necessary to prepare additional test item suspensions. Dosing
interval was therefore approximately 23 hours. The positive control group was treated once
by intraperitoneal route at a dose volume of 10mL/kg with the clastogenMitomycin-C.
Preparations of the test item, positive control item or vehicle were administered to groups
of 5 male rats, with the exception of Group 4, where additional 3 reserve animals (nos. 52
to 56) were treated at the high dose level to allow substitution in case of mortalities. Three
satellite animals (nos. 58 to 62) were administered once with the test item at the highest dose
to demonstrate in vivo exposure.
Animals from the vehicle control group and animals from groups treated with the test item
were sacrificed approximately 24 hours after last dosing. Animals from the positive control
group were sacrificed 24 hours after dosing. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 3 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- twice, with an interval of 24 hours
- Post exposure period:
- 24 hours
- Dose / conc.:
- 500 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- Dose / conc.:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw/day (nominal)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Control animals:
- yes
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control(s):
- mitomycin C;
- Justification for choice of positive control(s): standard positive control for this assay
- Route of administration: intraperitoneal
- Doses / concentrations: 2 mg/kg/day - Tissues and cell types examined:
- Bone marrow
- Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- CRITERIA FOR DOSE SELECTION:
Results of preliminary test
TREATMENT AND SAMPLING TIMES ( in addition to information in specific fields):
treatment twice
sampling 24 hours after last dosing
DETAILS OF SLIDE PREPARATION:
The femurs of animals were
removed and bone marrow cells obtained by flushing with foetal calf serum. The cells were
centrifuged and a concentrated suspension prepared to make smears on slides. These slides
were air-dried and then stained with haematoxylin and eosin solutions and mounted with
Eukitt. Three slides were made from each animal.
METHOD OF ANALYSIS:
The slides were randomly coded by a person not involved in the subsequent microscope
scoring. The slides were examined under low power and one or two slides from each animal
were selected according to staining and quality of smears. Four thousand PCEs per animal
were examined for the presence of micronuclei at high power (x 100 objective, oil immersion).
At the same time, the numbers of normal and micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes
(NCEs) were also recorded. - Evaluation criteria:
- The test item is considered to induce micronuclei if a statistically significant increase in
the micronucleus incidence of polychromatic erythrocytes (at p<0.05) is observed in any
treatment group. The increase is dose related when evaluated with an appropriate trend test.
Where statistically significant increases in the incidence of micronucleated PCEs are observed,
but fall within the distribution of the historical negative control values of this laboratory, then
concurrent and historical control data are used to demonstrate that these increases do not
have any biological significance. Historical controls are included as Appendix 2.
The test item is not considered to induce micronuclei if none of the above mentioned criteria
is fulfilled and there is bone marrow exposure to the test item. - Statistics:
- Only counts obtained from polychromatic cells were subjected to statistical analysis. Using
the original observations (and not the micronucleus frequencies per 1000 cells), a modified
2 calculation was employed to compare treated and control groups. The degree of
heterogeneity within each group was first calculated and where this was significant, it was
considered in the comparison between groups. Variance ratios or
2 values were taken to
show the significance of any differences between each treated group and the control.
In addition, a test for a linear trend (Snedecor and Cochran) was performed in order to
evaluate dose effect relationship. - Key result
- Sex:
- male
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Toxicity:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Hypoactivity, semiclosed eyes and uncoordinated motion were observed in the high dose group. No signs were observed in other dose groups.
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- not applicable
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- RESULTS OF RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Dose range: 1000 to 2000 mg/kg/day
- Solubility: suspension in corn oil
- Clinical signs of toxicity in test animals: Hunched posture, piloerection, hypoactivity, uncoordination (females only), body weight loss
- Evidence of cytotoxicity in tissue analyzed: none
- Rationale for exposure: 2000 mg/kg/day is the limit dose according to the OECD 474
RESULTS OF DEFINITIVE STUDY
- Induction of micronuclei (for Micronucleus assay): no remarkable increase in the number of micronucleated PCEs was observed in any group. The incidences of micronucleated PCEs observed after treatment with BRUGGOLEN M12 were within the distribution of historical control data for negative control animals.
- Ratio of PCE/NCE (for Micronucleus assay): Not significant in comparison to vehicle control
- Appropriateness of dose levels and route: The results obtained demonstrated systemic exposure of treated animals to the test item. - Conclusions:
- On the basis of the results obtained, it is concluded that BRUGGOLEN M12, administered by oral gavage, does not induce micronuclei in the polychromatic erythrocytes of treated rats, under the reported experimental conditions.
- Executive summary:
The ability of BRUGGOLEN M12 to induce chromosomal damage in vivo was investigated in a micronucleus test in rats. Dose levels were selected on the basis of a preliminary toxicity assay and corresponded to 2000, 1000 and 500mg/kg body weight/day. Following treatment, hunched posture, piloerection, hypoactivity, uncoordinated motion (in females only) were observed in all treatment groups, besides body weight loss was observed in the high and low dose groups. Slides prepared from the bone marrow of high dose animals did not show inhibitory effect on erythropoietic cell division. Since from the preliminary toxicity experiment no substantial differences between sexes were observed, the main experiment was performed in male animals. The oral route of administration was used according to the exposure of the test item. Sprague-Dawley SD rats were dosed twice with the vehicle, corn oil or BRUGGOLEN M12 at the selected dose levels. In addition, animals were dosed once by intraperitoneal route with the positive control itemMitomycin-C. Each group consisted of five male animals. The high dose group included an additional three reserve animals. All animals were sacrificed approximately 24 hours after the last dosing. Additional 3 satellite animals were administered once with the test item at 2000 mg/kg body weight to demonstrate bone marrow exposure. Blood samples were collected pre-dose, 1 hour and 3 hours after dosing. Samples of the formulations prepared on the first day of dosing were analysed to check the homogeneity and concentration. Bone-marrow smear slides were made and stained with haematoxylin and eosin solutions. The slides were coded prior to scoring. Four thousand polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) per animal were examined for the presence of micronuclei. The results obtained at each sampling time were subjected to statistical analysis using a modified 2 test. A test for a linear trend (Snedecor and Cochran) was performed in order to evaluate dose effect relationship. Following treatment with the test item, hunched posture, hypoactivity, semiclosed eyes and uncoordinated motion were observed in the high dose group. The test item did not induce inhibitory effects on the erythropoietic cell division at any dose level. Results obtained demonstrated systemic exposure of treated animals to the test item. Following treatment with BRUGGOLEN M12, no increase in the incidence of micronucleated PCEs was observed in any treatment group. Statistically significant increases in the incidence of micronucleated PCEs over the control values were observed following treatment with the positive controlMitomycin-C, indicating the correct functioning of the test system. It is concluded that, under the reported experimental conditions, BRUGGOLEN M12, administered to rats by oral route, does not induce micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes.
Reference
I
Dose Level: 500 mg/kg/day
ndividual observationsVehicle: Corn Oil
Dose Level: 0 mg/kg/day
Animal No. | Mn | Tot.PCE | Mn | Tot.NCE |
2 | 1 | 4000 | 0 | 3613 |
4 | 2 | 4000 | 0 | 3275 |
6 | 1 | 4000 | 0 | 4035 |
8 | 1 | 4000 | 0 | 3434 |
10 | 2 | 4000 | 0 | 3330 |
Dose Level: 500 mg/kg/day
Animal No. | Mn | Tot.PCE | Mn | Tot.NCE |
12 | 2 | 4000 | 0 | 3558 |
14 | 2 | 4000 | 0 | 3073 |
16 | 2 | 4000 | 0 | 3193 |
18 | 2 | 4000 | 0 | 3591 |
20 | 1 | 4000 | 0 | 3601 |
Dose Level: 1000 mg/kg/day
Animal No. | Mn | Tot.PCE | Mn | Tot.NCE |
22 | 3 | 4000 | 0 | 3928 |
24 | 3 | 4000 | 0 | 3638 |
26 | 3 | 4000 | 0 | 3950 |
28 | 2 | 4000 | 0 | 3699 |
30 | 2 | 4000 | 0 | 3655 |
Dose Level: 2000 mg/kg/day
Animal No. | Mn | Tot.PCE | Mn | Tot.NCE |
32 | 2 | 4000 | 0 | 3617 |
34 | 2 | 4000 | 0 | 3252 |
36 | 4 | 4000 | 0 | 3661 |
38 | 3 | 4000 | 0 | 3657 |
40 | 2 | 4000 | 0 | 3703 |
Mitomycin C, 2 mg/kg
Animal No. | Mn | Tot.PCE | Mn | Tot.NCE |
42 | 54 | 4000 | 0 | 4172 |
44 | 50 | 4000 | 0 | 4489 |
46 | 52 | 4000 | 0 | 4073 |
48 | 40 | 4000 | 0 | 3697 |
50 | 37 | 4000 | 0 | 4516 |
Summary of incidence of micronucleated cells
Dose-level | Scored cells | NCE/PCE | PCE/(PCE+NCE) | % over the mean control value | Polychromatic | Normochromatic | |||||||
mg/kg | PCE | NCE | Ratio | Ratio | Mean | SE | Min | Max | Mean | SE | Min | Max | |
0.00 | 20000 | 17687 | 0.88 | 0.53 | 100 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
500 | 20000 | 17016 | 0.85 | 0.54 | 102 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
1000 | 20000 | 18870 | 0.94 | 0.51 | 97 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
2000 | 20000 | 17890 | 0.89 | 0.53 | 99 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Mitomycin C 2.00 | 20000 | 20947 | 42491 | 0.49 | 92 | 11.6 | 0.9 | 9.3 | 13.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Additional information
Justification for selection of genetic toxicity endpoint
Available in vivo study with mammalian cells.
Justification for classification or non-classification
After in vivo testing has been finished, showing no effects of genotoxicity, the testing scheme for mutagenicity is completed. Further testing is not required. A classification of the substance into one of the categories of the hazard class "Germ cell mutagenicity" is not required on the basis of this information.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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