Disulphur dichloride

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Acute oral toxicity
Loeser  E (1984): LD50 = 78 µL/kg body weight (132 mg/kg bw; slope = 3.28), for male and female rats. 
Acute inhalative toxicity 
Pauluhn J. (1987): LC50 = 2500 mg/m³ air (LC50=2.5 mg/L/4h). The vapour NOEL was calculated to be 0.184 mg/L/4 h
Rats showed unspecific symptoms of poisoning with breathing difficulties and irritation of the visible mucous membrane. 
Acute dermal toxicity
According to EC No 1907/2006 (REACH) Annex VIII column 2, a dermal study does not need to be conducted because substance is classified as corrosive according to 67/548/EEC Annex 1

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

from 16-1 to 28-2-1984

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Comparable to guideline study with acceptable deviations (LD50 expressed in µl/kg bw . Analytical purity was not reported. No acclimatisation period. Individual weights were not reported)

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

LD50 expressed in µl/kg bw . Analytical purity was not reported. No acclimatisation period. Individual weights were not reported.

GLP compliance:

no

Remarks:

Study was conducted before GLP was mandatory

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Winkelmann, Borchen, Germany
- Age at study initiation: 9 weeks (males), 14 weeks (females)
- Weight at study initiation: male rats weighed 166 g and female rats weighed 169 g at the beginning of the study
- Fasting period before study: rats were fastened 16 hrs before and 4 hrs after application of test substance
- Housing: Macrolon cage type III
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): Altromin R1324 (Altromin GmbH, Lage, Germany) ad libitum (except during the fasting period).
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): tap water ad libitum



ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22± 1.5 °C
- Humidity (%): 60± 5%
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12hrs dark/ 12 hrs light


IN-LIFE DATES: From: 16-1-1984 To: 28-2-1984

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Doses:

50 , 60, 70, 80, 100 , 500 µl/kg bw

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: On the day of the application the animals were monitored several times. On the following 14-day observation period the animals were examinated for mortality and clinical signs. The description, the onset, the duration and the intesity of the clinical symptome were recorded and the dead animals eliminated.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight, grosspathology.

Statistics:

The calculation of the LD50 with confidence limits for p less than 0.05, was determined according to Rosiello et al., 1977, J. Tox Environ Health 3, 797.

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

132 mg/kg bw

95% CL:

>= 69.7 - <= 89.4

Remarks on result:

other: Slope=3.28

Clinical signs:

other: Rats which died during assay or sacrificed after the assay showed the following signs: poor general condition, scrubby fur, prone/lateral position, narcosis, growth delay.

Gross pathology:

Rats which died during assay or sacrificed after the assay showed the following signs: after high doses changes of the stomach mucosa and corrosion. Liver and spleen were partial black-brown coloured.

Intensity , appearance of symptoms and death are described
as follows:

group        dose       number       time of death
           [µl/ml]    [m/f/total]   
 1           50         0/0/10            -
 2           60         2/10/10        4 -8 days
 3           70         4/10/10        3 -6 days
 4           80         6/10/10      8 hours - 7 days
 5          100         7/10/10     30 min - 6 days
 6          500        10/10/10     30 min - 8 days

Interpretation of results:

Toxicity Category III

Remarks:

Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: EU-GHS

Executive summary:

Loeser (Bayer AG), 1984

Acute oral toxicological examinations were conducted with disulphur dichloride on male and female Wistar rats, according to OECD guideline 401 with deviations (LD50 expressed in µL/ kg bw instead of mg/kg bw. Analytical purity was not reported. Animals were not subjected to acclimation period. Indivual weights were recorded just at the beginning and at the end of the application.Changes in weight were not reported).

Six different single oral doses of the test substance (50, 60, 70, 80, 100 and 500 µl/kg bw) were administered via gavage to 5 male and 5 female rats. The post-exposure observation period was 14 days.

The calculated LD50 resulted to be 78 µL/kg body weight (132 mg/kg bw; slope = 3.28), for male and female rats.


The following poisoning symptoms were observed: poor general condition, scrubby fur, prone position/lateral position, narcosis, delay in growth.

On the basis of the results of this test, disulphur dichloride can be classified as:

EU: T, R25: Toxic if swallowed

OECD GHS: Acute oral toxicity-Category 3.Warning H301, Toxic if swallowed.

 

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

132 mg/kg bw

Quality of whole database:

scientifically acceptable and well documented

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: inhalation

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

1987

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Comparable to guideline study with restrictions (air flow : 10 changes per hour instead of 12-15).

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 403 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

air flow : 10 changes per hour instead of 12-15.

GLP compliance:

yes

Test type:

standard acute method

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Winkelmann, Borchen, Kreis Paderborn, Germany
- Age at study initiation: 7-12 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: 140-220 g
- Housing: 5 animals per cage (Macrolon cage Type III)
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum (Altromin GmbH, Lage, Germany)
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 1 week


ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22±2 °C
- Humidity (%): 50%
- Air changes (per hr): 10
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours dark/ 12 hours light, from 6 am to 6 pm

Route of administration:

inhalation: vapour

Type of inhalation exposure:

nose/head only

Vehicle:

other: air

Details on inhalation exposure:

The animals were exposed to the test material (vapour) while confined to plexiglass exposure tubes. The size of the exposure tubes fit each rat. This type of exposure is therefore head-nose only.

GENERATION OF TEST ATMOSPHERE / CHAMBER DESCRIPTION
The disulphur dichloride test atmosphere was generated as follows: the test sample was poured in a washing bottle with small frit (diameter of washing bottle: 3.5 cm; filling height: ca. 5 cm; content: ca. 25 mL of test sample).
The air volumes were conveyed through the receiver that was pre-thermostatted to 21 +/- 1 °C (primary air), then mixed with air (dilution air = secondary air) and transferred into the inhalation chamber.

Downscale concentrations were generated as follows: an "Impinger Tube" (diameter: 1.4 cm; filling height: 3 cm; content: ca. 6 mL of test sample) was used. The vapour atmosphere was taken with the aid of a gas dosing pump (TELAB BF 411) and diluted with dry secondary air according to the nominal specifications.

Disulphur dichloride at about 22 °C has a saturation vapour pressure of about 52 g disulphur dichloride/ m3 air (mean value from all experimental replicates; standard deviation: +/- 19 g test sample vapour/ m3). This value agrees with expected value in regard to the magnitude (20 °C: 78 g/ m3 air). The deviations between the indirectly experimentally determined and calculated saturation concentration are led back to the high own weight of the test sample containing receiver (slight difference in weight before and after the experiment).

Inhalation chamber:
The inhalation chamber made of stainless steel had the following dimensions: diameter: 30 cm; height: 28 cm (inner Volume: ca. 7 litres). This inhalation chamber prevented the mixing of the initial test atmosphere with the exhalation air of the rats. Hydrolysis products (or other moisture-related reaction products) caused by the high moisture of the breathing out air of the rats, could not be generated or were toxicologically and analytically without relevance.

Conditioning of the compressed air:
The compressed air was generated by two parallel switched "Boge-compressors" (type: SB 270/15/350D). The compressed air was conditioned, fully automatical with a downstream "VIA-compressed air dryer" (type: A 110), that means: cleaned from water, dust and oil. The standard pressure during the working process of the compressors is 8 to 10 bar (800 to 1000 kPa). The working pressure is regulated via a reduction valve respectively. The used primary and dilution air was dried with the aid of drying towers afterwards.

The ratio between incoming air and exhaust air was chosen in a way that 60 to 80 % of the incoming air (test atmosphere) was aspirated. So inside the exposition system it was possible to establish an air flow into the direction of the rats. The inhalation chambers were running in laboratory hoods under vacuum.

The generating conditions ensured a continuous air exchange. Other experiments with this test setting show that under comparable experimental conditions a steady-state adjustment is achieved after maximal 3 minutes (t 95%= 3 * chamber vol. /airflow; Mc Farland, 1976. Essays in toxicology. 7: 121-154).

During the exposition the air flows were controlled continuously and if necessary readjusted.

Measurement of temperature and air moisture:
The measurement of temperature took place continuously with a thermometer. Depending on technical reasons the measurement of the air moisture took place just before the washing bottle (Lambrecht-Hygrometer). Basic data for characterization of the used compressed air concerning the temperature and relative air moisture were assessed (Pauluhn J, 1986. Bayer AG. Report Nr.: 15007). The temperature and air moisture were recorded hourly.


Thus the inner temperature of the chamber was almost in the range demanded by the OECD-guideline. The air moisture was adjusted lower than demanded by the guideline to enhance the stability of the test atmosphere (Formation of hydrolyzation products).

Analytical verification of test atmosphere concentrations:

yes

Remarks:

The analytical determination of concentration was described in further (Eben A, Bayer AG Bericht-Nr. 15848, 1987)

Duration of exposure:

4 h

Concentrations:

0, 8, 184, 1335, 1723, 2500, 2870, 3487 mg/m³ (0, 0.008, 0.184, 1.335, 2.5, 2.870, 3.487 mg/L)

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

yes

Details on study design:

Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: the animals were weighed before the exposure, on the 7th day of the observation period and then weekly.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Other examinations performed: clinical signs, body weight, gross pathological changes.

Statistics:

Body weights
Regarding the animal body weights the mean and standard deviation were calculated. The weight gain was calculated statistically with the help of the analysis of variance. In this parametric method, a normal distribution of data was calculated by comparison of median and mean. The groups were compared on the confidence level of (1- a) = 95% (p = 0.05). The test of homogeneity of variance between groups was made with the Box test. If a difference was detected, a pair-wise post hoc comparison of groups (single and double) was performed according to the Games and Howell modification of the Tukey-Kramer significance test.

Analytic concentrations
The mean was calculated from the data of the analytical determinations.

LC50 calculation
Was performed according tothe maximum likehood method of Bliss CI (1938) , Q J Pharm Pharmacol 11:192-216.

Gross pathology findings
The most frequent findings in the respiratory macroscopically-anatomical investigations were evaluated with the "Pairwise Fisher's test" with early R x C Chi-square - test (HB 3000, Department of Toxicology, Bayer AG).

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect level:

ca. 2.5 mg/L air

Exp. duration:

4 h

Mortality:

After a single 4-hour head-nose exposure to analitically determined mean airborne vapour concentrations of 8, 184, 1335, 1723, 2500, 2870, and 3487 mg/m³ air the corresponding mortality was 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100% respectively.

Clinical signs:

other: Symptoms: Group 1-3: no symptoms; Group 4: scrubby coat, diminished motility, slowed and aggravated breathing, bloody and serous discharge of nose; Group 5: reddened and blood crusted nose, serous discharge of nose, scrubby coat, diminished motility,

Body weight:

Toxicological relevant influence was observed during post exposure period on group 4 and higher dosages.

Gross pathology:

For the rats that died during the post-exposure 14 day-period were collected following key findings: expanded lungs with liver-like appearance, pulmonary edema, serous fluid in the thorax, pale liver and spleen, gastro-intestinal tract with bloody or yellowish slimy contents, reddened glandular stomach, and reddened rhinarium and necrotic changes.
 
At the end of the follow-up period, the sacrificed animals presented the following symptoms: expanded lung with liver-like appearance and / or dark red looking foci and pulmonary edema.

Other findings:

no data

 Table 1: Acute inhalation toxicity-vapour (Exposure: 1x 4h)

N	Concentration
	analytical mg/m³	nominal air	toxicological results	duration of the symptoms	time of death	mortality
male rats
1	Air (control)		0/0/5	-	-	0
2	8	25	0/0/5	-	-	0
3	184	303	0/0/5	-	-	0
4	1723	1853	0/5/5	4h-6d	-	0
5	1335	1938	0/5/5	4h-4d	-	0
6	2870	3702	1/5/5	4h-3d*	<24h	20
7	2500	4143	3/5/5	4h-5d**	<24h	60
8	3487	5511	5/5/5	-	<4h	100
female rats
1	Air (control)		0/0/5	-	-	0
2	8	25	0/0/5	-	-	0
3	184	303	0/0/5	-	-	0
4	1723	1853	0/5/5	4h-6d	-	0
5	1335	1938	0/5/5	4h-2d	-	0
6	2870	3702	2/5/5	4h-4d	<24h	40
7	2500	4143	3/5/5	4h-4d**	0d-3d	60
8	3487	5511	5/5/5	4h-<24h	<24h	100

 

 Approximative LC₅₀=2500 mg/m³ air (2.5 mg/L)

 

  *) Duration of the corneal opacity was not included

**) Duration of the necrosis of the rhinarium was not included

Time point "0d"= day of exposure

N= Group number

 

In the table the meaning of the numbers in the column "toxicological results" is the following:

 

1. digit = number of the dead animals
2. digit=  number of animals with symptoms
3. digit= number of used animals

 

 

 

The NOEL (vapour) was estimated to be 0.184 mg/L/4h.

Interpretation of results:

Toxicity Category III

Remarks:

Migrated information H331: Toxic if inhaled Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: EU-GHS

Executive summary:

Pauluhn J. (1987)

An acute inhalation toxicity study with disulphur dichloride vapour was conducted on rats according to OECD Guideline no. 403 with deviations (air flow:10 changes per hour instead of 12-15).
Seven groups of 5 male and 5 female young adult Wistar rats were subjected to a single 4-hour head-nose only exposure to vapour concentrations of 0, 8, 184, 1335, 1723, 2500, 2870 and 3487 mg/m³ air (0, 0.008, 0.184, 1.335, 1.723, 2.500, 2.870, and 3.487 mg/L/4h). The animals were observed for mortality, body weights, clinical signs and gross pathological changes through 14 days after the exposure.

LC50 = 2500 mg/m³ air (LC50=2.5 mg/L/4h).The vapour NOEL was estimated to be 0.184 mg/L/4 h.

Rats showed symptoms of poisoning with breathing difficulties and irritation of the visible mucous membrane.

According to the results of this study, disulphur dichloride can be classsifed as:

EU: Xn R20: Harmuful by inhalation.

GHS: Acute inhalation toxicology-Cat 3. Warning , H331: Toxic if inhaled.

 

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Value:

2 500 mg/m³ air

Quality of whole database:

scientifically acdeptable and sufficient documented

Acute toxicity: via dermal route

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Additional information

Disulphur dichloride

There was one study available on acute oral toxicity which was of good quality and followed an accepted guideline. Testing of dermal toxicity is not required according to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 due to the highly corrosive nature of the test substance. There were several studies available on acute inhalation toxicity, and one of them followed the guideline recommendations of a 4 -hour exposure period. Overall, based on available reviews and handbooks, an experimental recent guideline hydrolysis study according to OECD TG 111 “Hydrolysis as a Function of pH” it can be concluded that sulphur dichloride undergoes violent decomposition in aqueous milieu and decomposes quantitatively with a few minutes (t1/2 < 2 min. at pH 4, pH7, pH9 at room temperature) to form HCl, Sulphur, SO32-, SO42-, S2- and S2O32-. The anions are in a pH dependent equilibrium with hydrogenium ions (H+). S2Cl2 is classified as R14 (Reacts violently with water). The data of the hydrolysis products should be considered as appropriate and sufficient to characterize the toxicity of sulphur dichloride for endpoints where no data on the instable parent compound are available. The following LD50/LC50 values are cited from the respective IUCLID datasets disseminated by ECHA: Sulphur: LD50 (oral) > 2000 mg/kg bw, LC50 (inhalation) = 5430 mg/m³ (4 h) S2- as H2S: LD50 (oral) = no data, LC50 (inhalation) = 621 mg/m³ (4 h) SO32- as Na2SO3: LD50 (oral) > 1400 mg/kg bw, LC50 (inhalation) >5500 mg/m³ (4 h) SO42- as Na2SO4: LD50(oral) > 2000 mg/kg bw, LC50 (inhalation) > 2400 mg/m³ (4 h) S2O32- as Na2S2O3: LD50 (oral) > 2000 mg/kg bw, LC50 (inhalation) > 2600 mg/m³ (4 h) HCl: LD50(oral) = 238 – 277 mg/kg bw, LC50 (inhalation) = 8300 mg/m³ (30 min) Evaluation of acute toxicity data after oral exposure: Disulphur dichloride was investigated in an acute oral toxicity experiment and the oral LD50 was found to be 324 mg/kg (Löser, 1984). Six groups of five male (166 g) and five female (169 g) young adult rats were dosed at 50, 60, 70, 80, 100, and 500 µl/kg. The animals were observed for mortality, body weights, clinical signs, and gross pathological changes through day 14. Results: Corresponding mortality was 0%,20%,40%,60%, 70%, and 100%. Clinical signs at 60 µl/kg and above included poor general condition, piloerection, lateral and ventral position, narcosis, and growth retardation. Onset of symptoms was 15 minutes to 8 hours post administration. Deaths occurred on days 1 to 8. Necropsy of dead animals and necropsy of survivors at day 14 revealed loss of gastric mucosal relief and stomach and intestine were reddened. Liver and spleen were dark-brownish discolored. The acute oral LD50 combined for males and females was 78 µl/kg (95% confidence interval: 70- 89 µl/kg), corresponding to 132 mg/kg. Gross necropsy revealed corrosion of the gastrointestinal tract, and effects on liver and spleen were reported. Overall, this study indicates that disulphur dichloride is a primary corrosive compound and systemic organs are affected at doses where mortality occurred. The observations in this disulphur dichloride study are also consistent with data reported for HCl in which observations on liver, kidney and spleen were also mentioned in acute toxicity studies at lethal doses (e.g. MAK 2004, OECD SIDS 2002, ECB 2000, Hartzell et al., 1990, Darmer et al., 1974, MacEwean et al., 1974, Monsanto, 1976, Hoechst AG, 1966, Loewy and Munzer, 1923). The LD50 value for disulphur dichloride is consistent with LD50 values observed for the hydrolysis product HCl (Hartzell et al., 1990, Darmer et al., 1974, MacEwean et al., 1974, Monsanto, 1976, Hoechst AG, 1966, Loewy and Munzer, 1923) cited in OECD SIDS for HCl and ECB 2000. The German “Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area” (MAK) reported LD50 of about 237 mg/kg for HCl (e.g. MAK 2004, see HCl review and key study). Disulphur dichloride and the hydrolysis product HCl are considered to be corrosive; disulphur dichloride is labeled with R35 (causes severe burns). The available data on disulphurl dichloride and HCl show that local effects (corrosion of the gastrointestinal tract) is the primary effect of these compounds and systemic organs are affected at doses where mortality occurred. Evaluation of acute toxicity data after dermal exposure: Local effects: Disulphur dichloride is corrosive and therefore labeled with R35 (causes severe burns). Evaluation of acute toxicity data after exposure via inhalation: There is a reliable disulphur dichloride study available conducted according to OECD guideline 403, well documented, and the concentrations applied had been analytically confirmed and were sufficient to derive an 4-hour LC50. Therefore, it was chosen as key study. The other inhalation studies available for rats were of lower quality. The acute inhalation LC50 values were determined to be 23.7-60.9 mg/L/5min, 5.7-7.0 mg/L/30min and 4.2-4.7 mg/L/60min for rats, 20.9 mg/L/5min, 3.9 mg/L/30min and 1.7 mg/L/30min for mice. Hydrogen chloride is corrosive to the skin and severe effects can be expected from exposure to the eyes (OECD SIDS for HCl). Seven groups of five male and five female young adult rats were subjected to a single 4-hour head-nose exposure to analytically determined mean airborne vapor concentrations of 8, 184, 1335, 1723, 2500, 2870, and 3487 mg/m3 air. Five animals/sex were exposed to air and served as controls. The animals were observed for mortality, body weights, clinical signs, and gross pathological changes through day 14. Results: Corresponding mortality was 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 30%,60%, and 100% respectively. Clinical signs at 1335 mg/m3 and above included ungroomed fur, piloerection, reduced motility, labored and decelerated breathing, dyspnoea, and bloody and serous nasal discharge. At 2500 mg/m³ and above extreme bradypnoea, cyanosis, corneal opacity, and necrotic changes at nose/muzzle area were observed in addition. Necropsy of dead animals revealed emphysema and edema of the liverlike changed lungs, hydrothorax, pale spleen and liver, gastrointestinal tract with bloody, yellowish mucous content, reddening of the glandular stomach, and reddening and necrotic changes at the rhinarium. At final necropsy some animals had still emphysema and edema of the lungs that also showed liverlike or dark-red areas. All other animals showed no dose-related pathological signs or changes at final necropsy. The approximate acute inhalation 4-hour LC50 for male and female rats 2500 mg/m³. One of the main hydroIysis products of disulphur dichloride(both are corrosive compounds) is hydrogen chloride (HCI) and the above mentioned LD50 values for disulphur dichloride are consistent with LD50 values observed for HCI (e.g. MAK 2004, OECD SIDS 2002, ECB 2000, Hartzell et al., 1990, Darmer et al., 1974, MacEwean et al., 1974, Monsanto, 1976, Hoechst AG, 1966, Loewy and Munzer, 1923). The German "Commission for the lnvestigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area" (MAK) reported an LD50 of about 237 mg/kg for HCI and the LC50 values of hydrogen chloride (gas) by inhalation exposure tobe 4.2-4.7 mg/L/60min for rats (MAK 2004). Dividing 4.2-4.7 mg/L/60 min (= 4200-4700 mg/m³/60 min) by a factor 2 (GHS one hour exposures can by recalculated to 4 hours exposures by a factor 2 for gaseous substances (ECHA Guidance 2012) the calculated HCI LC50 (4 h) = ca. 2100-2350 mg/m³ air. This means, the disulphur dichloride LD50oral = 132 mg/kg bw and the LC50 inhal. = ca. 2500 mg/m³ air (4h) are similar compared to the acute toxicity LD50/LC50 values of HCI. The toxicologically relevant effect is corrosion at the side of contact and the reported observations on liver, kidney and spleen are secondary effects to severe local corrosive effects (lethal corrosive action; observation reflecting moribund condition). The local irritation potency of disulphur dichloride and HCl are similar leading to comparable LC50 values In conclusion, the LD50 and LC50 values of disulphur dichloride are in the same range as for HCl. The clinical and pathological findings of disulphur dichloride and HCl (both are corrosive compounds) are similar and consistent with local corrosivity at the port of entry.

Justification for selection of acute toxicity – oral endpoint
key study is used

Justification for selection of acute toxicity – inhalation endpoint
key study is used

Justification for classification or non-classification

According to the criteria of the DSD and the criteria of the CLP regulation the test substance has to be classified as:

T, R25-20: Toxic if swallowed. Harmful by inhalation.

Dermal route: no study available

R29: contact with water liberates toxic gas.

EU GHS:

Acute oral toxicity-Category 3.Warning H301, Toxic if swallowed.

Acute inhalation toxicology-Cat 3. Warning, H331: Toxic if inhaled.

According to CLP Annex VI the labelling with following suppl. Hazard statement is required: EUH029: contact with water liberates toxic gas.