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EC number: 944-296-8 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- From March 28 to April 16, 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 221 (Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2006
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Test item concentrations determined at the beginning of the test, as well as after 3, 5 and 7 days of exposure.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
Test item is very soluble, thus test solutions were prepared by respective dilution of a stock solution (test item dissolved in SIS medium) with SIS medium.
Pure SIS medium served as blank control. - Test organisms (species):
- Lemna minor
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: duckweed.
- Strain: Lemna minor.
- Source: Umweltbundesamt, FGIII 2.5, Überwachungsverfahren Abwasserentsorgung, Schichauweg 58, D-12307 Berlin.
- Method of cultivation: under test conditions.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 7-10 days.
- Culturing media and conditions: sterile SIS medium. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
- Test temperature:
- Target T: 24 ± 2°C - Test T: 20.2 - 23.5°C.
- pH:
- 6.5 ± 0.2 at the beginning of the test; the pH value in the blank control should not increase by more than 1.5 units during the test.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Range finding test: 1000, 200, 20, 0 mg/L - Definitive test: 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 0 mg/L.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Incubation: on a black non-reflecting surface.
- Test vessel: 400 ml beakers, all-glass, with 200 ml of test medium. Beakers were covered with black paper up until the 200 ml mark to ensure that illumination comes only from above and not from the sides.
- No. of fronds per vessel: 9-12 per replicate, 2-4 fronds per plant.
- No. of vessels per concentration: 2 (preliminary test) and 3 (definitive test).
- No. of vessels per control: 3 (preliminary test) and 6 (definitive test).
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: SIS medium.
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS: SIS medium.
Stock solution I (g/L)
NaNO3 = 8.5.
KH2PO4 =1.34.
Stock solution II (g/L)
MgSO4×7H2O = 15.
Stock solution III (g/L)
CaCl2×2H2O = 7.2.
Stock solution IV
Na2CO3 = 4.
Stock solution V
H3BO3 = 1.
ZnSO4×7H2O = 0.05.
Na2MoO4×2H2O = 0.01.
MnCl2×4H2O = 0.2.
Co(NO3)2×6H2O = 0.01.
CuSO4 ×5H2O = 0.005.
Stock solution VI
FeCl3×6H2O = 0.17.
Na2EDTA×2H2O = 0.28.
To prepare 1 l of SIS medium, the following are added to 900 ml of deionised water:
- 10 ml stock solution I
- 5 ml stock solution II, III, IV, VI
- 1 ml stock solution V
The volume is adjusted to 1 l with deionised water. The medium is sterilised before use.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: pH adjusted to 6.5 ± 0.2 with either 0.1 or 1 M HCl or NaOH.
- Illumination:
Intensity: continuous (6500–10000 lux) from Osram Fluora L18W77 (Osram AG, Winterthur, Switzerland) and CH Lighting F18T8/6500K EUP (CH Lighting CO., Ltd., China)
Homogeneity: ± 15 %
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of frond number: on day 0, 3, 5, 7.
- Determination of biomass: as dry weight; at day 0 in 6 additional blank replicates and at day 7 in all blanks and test vessels, after drying at 60 °C at least overnight.
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0, 20, 200, 1000 mg/l.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- yearly, with 3,5-dichlorophenol
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 19.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 200 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 147 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: not determined
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 200 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 200 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- Environmental conditions
The pH value in the control drifted by 1.3 units during the whole test period, which is therefore in the range allowed by the guideline (required: not more than 1.5).
The light intensity was 7000-8000 lux (mean 7649 lux; max. variation ± 9 %) at the start of the test and 6990-8020 lux (mean 7675 lux, max. variation ± 9 %) at the end of the exposure period. The light homogeneity was therefore within the required 15 % range.
The temperature ranged between 20.2 and 23.5 °C (i.e. 3.3 °C variation), which is out of the required range of 24 ± 2 °C. Since the growth criterion in the control was fulfilled without a too large variation, this deviation was expected to have no significant impact on the study outcome.
The test item did not show any signs of precipitation, at any of the test concentrations.
Appearance of the plants at the end of the test
In the blank control, the plants were healthy with dark green fronds and the roots reaching to the bottom of the test vessel.
At 12.5 mg/l the plants were mostly dark green with single light green fronds; roots reaching to the bottom of the test vessel.
At 25.0 and 50.0 mg/l the plants were mostly dark green with single light green fronds; the roots were only ½ the length as compared to the roots of the blanks.
At 100 and 200 mg/l most the plants were light green; the roots were only ½ the length as compared to the roots of the blanks. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- According to guideline ISO/CD 20079 “Determination of the toxic effect of water constituents and waste water to duckweed (Lemna minor) — Duckweed growth inhibition test”, the ErC50 value based on the frond number should lie in the range 1.8–3.6 mg/l; this level of sensitivity was attained (data from March 2018).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- ErC50 (7 d) > 200 mg/l for frond number (linear regression with Logit link-function)
ErC50 (7 d) > 200 mg/l for biomass as dry weight (no dose dependent relation found) - Executive summary:
Method:
The growth inhibitory effects of test substance to the duckweed Lemna minor were investigated over a period of 7 days under static conditions, following OECD 221.
The test item is well soluble, i.e. 33.81 g/L. The test solutions were prepared by respective dilutions of a stock solution in SIS medium.
The test was performed at 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 mg/L nominal concentrations of test item.
Three parallel test vessels were used for each test concentration of the test item and 6 vessels for the blank controls.
The test concentrations during the 7-day test period were determined by photometry at the beginning of the test, as well as after 3, 5 and 7 days of exposure.
The endpoint frond number was investigated at days 3, 5 and 7 and the endpoint dry weight was determined only at day 7; each of them was assessed as growth rate and yield.
Results:
Photometric analyses confirmed the right dosage of the test item, showed that the concentrations were stable over the whole 7-day test period and remained within 80 - 120% of the nominal concentrations. In particular, nominal concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L, corresponding to measured concentrations of 12.1, 25, 48.4, 98 and 200 mg/l at day 0 were 86%, 91%, 94%, 97%, 99% of initial value at day 7.
Therefore, the effective concentrations (ErCx and EyCx) were assessed based on the nominal concentrations of test item.
ECx values based on the nominal concentrations of test item were:
parameter expressed as nominal conc. (mg/L) of a.i. EC50 EC10 NOEC frond number growth rate > 200 19.3 12.5
yield
147
2.90
12.5
dry weigth
growth rate
>200
n.d
12.5
yield
>200
n.d.
12.5
The 7 day ErC50 (based on frond number) of test substance on the duckweed Lemna minor is > 200 mg/L. This value is based on the nominal concentrations of test item. The validity criterion was fulfilled.
Reference
Test concentrations:
Test concentrations during the 7 -day test period were determined by photometry at the beginning of the test as well as after 3, 5 and 7 days of exposure. These analyses confirmed the right dosage of test item and showed that the concentrations of test item could be satisfactorily maintained. The measured concentrations of test item were 200, 98.0, 48.4, 25.0 and 12.1 mg/l at the beginning of the test and 198, 95.0, 45.4, 22.8 and 10.4 mg/l (i.e. 99, 97, 94, 91 and 86 % of the initial value, respectively) at the end of the test. All concentrations remained within 80-120 % of the nominal value.
Therefore, the effective concentrations (ErC50 and EyC50) were assessed based on the nominal concentration of test item.
Effects on frond number:
With respect to growth rate inhibition the following effects as compared to the untreated controls were observed: 22 % at 200 mg/l, 24 % at 100 mg/l, 12 % at 50.0 mg/l and 16 % at 25.0 mg/l. No significant effects were observed at the nominal concentration of 12.5 mg/l.
Based on these effects and the nominal concentrations of test item, the median effect concentration with respect to the growth rate of frond number ErC50 to Lemna minor was estimated to be >200 mg/l. The ErC10 was 19.3 mg/l (95 % confidence limits: 1.96 – 38.7 mg/l); while the NOErC was determined to be 12.5 mg/l.
With respect to yield inhibition the following effects as compared to the untreated controls were observed: 48 % at 200 mg/l, 52 % at 100 mg/l, 31 % at 50.0 mg/l and 39 % at 25.0 mg/l. No significant effects were observed at the nominal concentration of 12.5 mg/l.
Based on these effects and nominal concentrations of test item, the median effect concentration with respect to the yield of frond number EyC50 to Lemna minor was calculated to be 147 mg/l (95% confidence limits: 87.2 – 501 mg/l). The EyC10 was 2.90 mg/l (95% confidence limits: not determined); while the NOErC was determined to be 12.5 mg/l.
Effects on dry weight:
With respect to growth rate inhibition the following effects as compared to the untreated controls were observed: 11 % at 200 mg/l, 8 % at 100 mg/l, 6 % at 50.0 mg/l and 13 % at 25.0 mg/l. No significant effects were observed at the nominal concentration of 12.5 mg/l.
Based on these effects and nominal concentrations of test item, the median effect concentration with respect to the growth rate of dry weight ErC50 to Lemna minor was estimated to be >200 mg/l; while the NOErC was determined to be 12.5 mg/l.
With respect to yield inhibition the following effects as compared to the untreated controls were observed: 29 % at 200 mg/l, 24 % at 100 mg/l, 18 % at 50.0 mg/l and 34 % at 25.0 mg/l. No significant effects were observed at the concentration of 12.5 mg/l.
Based on these effects and the nominal concentrations of test item, the median effect concentration with respect to the yield of dry weight EyC50 to Lemna minor was estimated to be >200 mg/l; while the NOEyC was determined to be 12.5 mg/l.
Description of key information
ErC50 (7 d) > 200 mg/l for frond number.
ErC50 (7 d) > 200 mg/l for biomass as dry weight.
EyC50 (7 d) = 147 mg/l for frond number.
EyC50 (7 d) > 200 mg/l for biomass as dry weight.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The substance was tested for toxicity on freshwater aquatic plants, i.e. Lemna minor, according to OECD guideline 221 under static exposure conditions.
Concentrations were measured by photometry during the test. These analyses confirmed the right dosage and showed that concentrations were stable over the whole 7-day period and remained within 80 - 120% of the nominal concentrations. Nominal concentrations were 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 mg/L of test item.
At the end of the test, appearance of plants showed differences with respect to blank control in a dose dependent way. The tendency was from dark green to light green fronds, with shorter roots.
No signs of precipitation were noted at any concentration.
Effects concentrations (EC10 and EC50), based on growth rate and yield were determined for both frond number and dry weight.
No observed effect concentrations (NOEC) were estimated by Williams multiple sequential t-test.
The EC50 values after 7 days resulted to be:
- > 200 mg/L, referred to the growth rate of frond number,
- > 200 mg/L, referred to the growth rate of dry weight.
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