Formaldehyde, reaction products with m-phenylenediamine, sodium sulfide (Na2S) and sulfur

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Acute toxicity: via oral route: LD50 >2000 mg/kg bw/d in rats (OECD 423)

Acute toxicity: via dermal route: LD50 >2000 mg/kg bw/d in rats (OECD 402)

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Acute toxicity: via oral route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: oral

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

18 April - 04 May 2012

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 423 (Acute Oral toxicity - Acute Toxic Class Method)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.1 tris (Acute Oral Toxicity - Acute Toxic Class Method)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.1100 (Acute Oral Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (JMAFF), 12 Nohsan, Notification No 8147, April 2011, including the most recent partial revisions.

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test type:

acute toxic class method

Limit test:

no

Species:

rat

Strain:

other: Wistar strain, Crl:WI (Han)

Sex:

female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

- Source: Charles River Deutschland, Sulzfeld, Germany.
- Age at study initiation: Young adult animals (approx. 8 weeks old)
- Weight at study initiation: Body weight variation was within +/- 20% of the sex mean (150-168 grams)
- Fasting period before study: Animals were deprived of food overnight prior to dosing and until approximately 1 hour after the second administration of the test substance. Water was available ad libitum.
- Housing: Group housing of 3 animals per cage in labeled Macrolon cages
- Diet: Free access to pelleted rodent diet (SM R/M-Z from SSNIFF® Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany).
- Water: Free access to tap water.
- Acclimation period: At least 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Environmental controls for the animal room were set to maintain 18 to 24°C, a relative humidity of 40 to 70%, approximately 15 room air changes/hour, and a 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycle.

IN-LIFE DATES: From: 18 April - 04 May 2012

Route of administration:

oral: gavage

Vehicle:

CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose)

Details on oral exposure:

GAVAGE METHOD: plastic feeding tubes.

Frequency: Two dosages within 24 hours. The first on t=0 and the second on t=4 hours. Multiple dosages given within 24 hours are regarded as a single dose.

VEHICLE: 1% Aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose
- Justification for choice of vehicle: The vehicle was selected based on trial formulations performed at NOTOX and on test substance data supplied by the sponsor.

MAXIMUM DOSE VOLUME APPLIED: 20 mL/kg b.w. per dosage

DOSAGE PREPARATION: The formulations (w/w) were prepared within 5 hours prior to dosing. Homogeneity was accomplished to a visually acceptable level. Correction was made for purity of the test substance.

Doses:

2000 mg/kg body weight, by administration of two times 1000 mg/kg (20 mL/kg) b.w., due to the low purity of the test substance.

No. of animals per sex per dose:

6

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

- Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing:
Mortality/Viability: Twice daily.
Body weights: Days 1 (pre-administration), 8 and 15.
Clinical signs: On the day of dosing (Day 1): immediately after the first dose (t=0; both groups)), and approximately 2 hours (t=2; both groups) and approximately 5 hours (t=5) after the first dose of the first group of females or approximately 4 hours (t=4) after the first dose of the second group of females. The t=4/t=5 observation was conducted approximately 30-50 minutes after the second dose.
From Days 2-15: once daily.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: At the end of the observation period, all animals were sacrificed by oxygen/carbon dioxide procedure and subjected to necropsy. Descriptions of all internal macroscopic abnormalities were recorded.
- Other examinations performed: none.

Statistics:

No statistical analysis was performed (The method used is not intended to allow the calculation of a precise LD50 value).

Key result

Sex:

female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Mortality:

No mortality occurred.

Clinical signs:

other: Hunched posture was shown by all animals after dosing on Day 1. This transient finding may have been due to the high application volume necessary to achieve the limit dose.

Gross pathology:

No abnormalities were found at macroscopic post mortem examination of the animals.

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

The oral LD50 value of C.I. Leuco Sulphur Brown 37 in Wistar rats was established to exceed 2000 mg/kg body weight.
According to the OECD 423 test guideline, the LD50 cut-off value was considered to exceed 5000 mg/kg body weight.

Executive summary:

Assessment of acute oral toxicity with the test material in the rat (Acute Toxic Class Method) was carried out based on the guidelines described in:

OECD No.423 (2001) "Acute Oral Toxicity, Acute Toxic Class Method"

Commission Regulation (EC) No 440/2008, B1 tris: "Acute Oral Toxicity, Acute Toxic Class Method"

The test material was administered by oral gavage to two subsequent groups of three female Wistar rats at 2000 mg/kg body weight. The total dose was administered as two dosages of 1000 mg/kg body weight each (the first on t=0 and the second on t=4 hours), due to the low purity of the test substance. Animals were subjected to daily observations and weekly determination of body weight. Macroscopic examination was performed after terminal sacrifice (Day 15).

Results:

No mortality occurred. Hunched posture was shown by all animals after dosing on Day 1. The body weight gain shown by the animals over the study period was considered to be normal. No abnormalities were found at macroscopic post mortem examination of the animals. The oral LD50 value of the test material in Wistar rats was established to exceed 2000 mg/kg body weight. According to the OECD 423 test guideline, the LD50 cut-off value was considered to exceed 5000 mg/kg body weight.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Quality of whole database:

Klimisch 1; recent guideline under GLP

Acute toxicity: via inhalation route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: inhalation

Data waiving:

exposure considerations

Justification for data waiving:

other:

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no study available

Acute toxicity: via dermal route

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

acute toxicity: dermal

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

16 - 30 August 2012

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 402 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.3 (Acute Toxicity (Dermal))

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 870.1200 (Acute Dermal Toxicity)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (JMAFF), 12 Nohsan, Notification No 8147, April 2011; including the most recent partial revisions.

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Test type:

standard acute method

Limit test:

yes

Species:

rat

Strain:

Wistar

Sex:

male/female

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

- Source: Charles River Deutschland, Sulzfeld, Germany.
- Age at study initiation: Young adult animals (approx. 10 weeks old)
- Weight at study initiation: Body weight variation was within +/- 20% of the sex mean (males: 287 grams; females: 190 grams).
- Housing: Individual housing in labeled Macrolon cages
- Diet: Free access to pelleted rodent diet (SM R/M-Z from SSNIFF® Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany).
- Water: Free access to tap water.
- Acclimation period: At least 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Environmental controls for the animal room were set to maintain 18 to 24°C, a relative humidity of 40 to 70%, approximately 15 room air changes/hour, and a 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycle.

IN-LIFE DATES: From: 16 - 30 August 2012

Type of coverage:

occlusive

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Details on dermal exposure:

One day before exposure (Day -1) an area of approximately 5x7 cm on the back of the animal was clipped.

The test substance was weighed directly on a surgical gauze patch (Surgy 1D)* (4-ply ; 5 x 5 cm for males and 5 x 3.5 cm for females) at 1 decimal precision and dispersed over the patch as equally as possible. The application area was approximately 10% of the total body surface, i.e. approx. 25 cm² for males and 18 cm² for females. The weight of test substance to be applied was based on the animals’ individual body weight. The test substance was weighed first for males and released for dosing, and subsequently for females. The patch was mounted on aluminium foil which in turn was mounted on Coban elastic bandage*. A piece of Micropore tape* was additionally used for fixation of the bandages in females only.
*. Manufacturers: Laboratoires Stella s.a., Liege, Belgium (surgical gauze) and 3M, St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A. (Coban & Micropore).

Frequency: Single dosage, on Day 1.

Washing: Following application, dressings were removed and the skin cleaned of residual test substance using tap water.

Duration of exposure:

24 hours.

Doses:

2000 mg/kg (based on main component C.I. Leuco Sulphur Brown 37). This dose corresponded to 14815 mg test substance including C.I. Leuco Sulphur Brown 37, based on a correction factor calculated as 100/13.5 (to correct for purity of the test substance).

No. of animals per sex per dose:

5

Control animals:

no

Details on study design:

Duration of observation period following administration: 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing:
Mortality/Viability: Twice daily.
Body weights: Days 1 (pre-administration), 8 and 15.
Clinical signs: At periodic intervals on the day of dosing (Day 1) and once daily thereafter, until Day 15.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: At the end of the observation period, all animals were sacrificed by oxygen/carbon dioxide procedure and subjected to necropsy. Descriptions of all internal macroscopic abnormalities were recorded.
- Other examinations performed: none.

Statistics:

None.

Key result

Sex:

male/female

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Effect level:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Based on:

test mat.

Mortality:

No mortality occurred.

Clinical signs:

other: see "Remark"

Gross pathology:

No abnormalities were found at macroscopic post mortem examination of the animals.

Other findings:

none

Interpretation of results:

GHS criteria not met

Conclusions:

The dermal LD50 value of C.I. Leuco Sulphur Brown 37 in Wistar rats was established to exceed 2000 mg/kg body weight (based on main component Leuco Sulphur Brown 37, corresponding to 14815 mg test substance including C.I. Leuco Sulphur Brown 37/kg body weight.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

no adverse effect observed

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Value:

> 2 000 mg/kg bw

Quality of whole database:

Klimisch 1; recent guideline under GLP

Additional information

Acute toxicity – oral

In a oral toxicity study according to OECD 423, the test material was administered by oral gavage to two subsequent groups of three female Wistar rats at 2000 mg/kg body weight. The total dose was administered as two dosages of 1000 mg/kg body weight each (the first on t=0 and the second on t=4 hours), due to the low purity of the test substance. Animals were subjected to daily observations and weekly determination of body weight. Macroscopic examination was performed after terminal sacrifice (Day 15).

No mortality occurred. Hunched posture was shown by all animals after dosing on Day 1. The body weight gain shown by the animals over the study period was considered to be normal. No abnormalities were found at macroscopic post mortem examination of the animals.

The oral LD50 value of the test material in Wistar rats was established to exceed 2000 mg/kg body weight.

These findings were confirmed in am acute study using dermal exposure.

The weak transient clinical effects were considered to be due to the handling, bandaging and/or the large dose volumes applied and not effects of the chemical ingested.

 

Acute toxicity – dermal

In a dermal toxicity study according to OECD 402, the dermal LD50 value of C.I. Leuco Sulphur Brown 37 in Wistar rats was established to exceed 2000 mg/kg body weight (based on main component Leuco Sulphur Brown 37, corresponding to 14815 mg test substance including C.I. Leuco Sulphur Brown 37/kg body weight.

Acute toxicity – inhalation
The study using inhalation as route of exposure is considered not necessary according to the regulation of REACH Annex IX § 8 column 1.
The regulation requires one study using the most appropriate route of exposure in addition to an oral study.
As the test material is a non volatile solid that is handled exclusively in strongly alkaline solution, the dermal route is considered the most appropriate. A study using inhalation is therefore not required. Inhalation is not deemed a relevant route of exposure.

Justification for classification or non-classification

Classification, Labelling, and Packaging Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
The available experimental test data are reliable and suitable for classification purposes under Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008.

 

Oral toxicity

Based on available data on acute toxicity, the test item is not classified for acute oral toxicity according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP), as amended for the eighteenth time in Regulation (EU) 2022/692.

 

Dermal toxicity

Based on available data on acute toxicity, the test item is not classified for acute dermal toxicity according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP), as amended for the eighteenth time in Regulation (EU) 2022/692.