Registration Dossier

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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Administrative data

Endpoint:
toxicity to terrestrial arthropods
Data waiving:
study scientifically not necessary / other information available
Justification for data waiving:
other:

Data source

Referenceopen allclose all

Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2010
Report date:
2010
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2003
Reference Type:
review article or handbook
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2007
Reference Type:
review article or handbook
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
1986
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
1975
Reference Type:
review article or handbook
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
1992
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
1995
Reference Type:
publication
Title:
Unnamed
Year:
2004
Reference Type:
study report
Title:
Unnamed

Materials and methods

Results and discussion

Any other information on results incl. tables

No data are available on the effects of iron oxides on terrestrial organisms. Iron is ubiquitous in the environment. It comprises some 5 % of the earth's crust (Roempp, 2007). Iron oxides are widespread in soils (Paul and Huang, 1986). Iron occurs mostly in the form of its oxides. The predominant iron mineral in soils is goethite (alpha-FeOOH) (EPA, 2003), the most important iron ores are magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) (Roempp, 2007).

The interstitial water of the soil is in contact with natural iron oxide minerals. Its concentrations of iron-, manganese-, and zinc ions depend on several environmental factors e.g. duration of contact, temperature, and presence of humic substances and natural complexons e.g. siderophores (Estep, Armstrong , and van Baalen, 1975; Schachtschabel et al., 1992; Rue and Bruland, 1995; Kraemer, 2004). Input of iron oxides pigments will not increase the "saturation" concentrations, and it is very unlikely that synthetic pigments have any significant effect on ion contents in soil water or on other soil properties. On the other hand, if the iron oxides would increase the soil content of iron-, manganese-, and zinc ions, this would be a fertilizing effect in line with the purpose of sewage sludge application on agricultural land.

Performing of a test is scientifically not necessary, as the category members are inert inorganic oxides of iron which resemble naturally occurring iron oxides. Even under worst case conditions an inhibitory effect of synthetic iron oxide pigments is not likely to be exerted on soil organisms.

Applicant's summary and conclusion