4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

48 hours

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

Deviations:

yes

Remarks:

Test solution preparation was slightly different than prescribed. supported by the analytical confirmation which showed very good recoveries meaning that most/all the material was in solution

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Lot/Batch Number: 20111104
Purity/Composition: >99.5% CAS # 611-99-4
Chemex reference: ECO 170601

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

yes

Details on test solutions:

Test concentrations: 0 (control), 10, 18, 32, 58, and 100 mg/l

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

Source: From cultures maintained at Chemex Environmental International Ltd since July 2014 and originally sourced from a clone of genotype 5.
Date of gravid isolation: 13 November 2017
Age of Daphnia at start of test: ≤ 24 hours.
Culture conditions: Cultured under static conditions
Temperature: 20 ± 2°C
Dissolved oxygen: >60% (or 3mg/l) ASV
Photoperiod: 16 hours light and 8 hours dark
Feeding regime: Each working day, a suspension of Chlorella vulgaris. The Daphnia in the test were not fed.

Test type:

static

Water media type:

other: Elendt M4 reconstituted Daphnia water - cultured water, controlled conditions

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test temperature:

Temperature range within incubator throughout test: 19.4 – 20.0 °C
(Required: 20±2°C maintained to ±1°C)

pH:

pH range in control and test concentrations throughout test: 6.62 – 7.88

Dissolved oxygen:

Initial Dissolved Oxygen at 0 Hours: 6.84mg/l
DO range in control and test concentrations throughoutn test: 6.28 – 7.80mg/l
(Required: ≥3mg/l)

Details on test conditions:

The test was carried out according to the procedures given below, and SOP E201 based on the OECD 202 guideline Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test.
Chemex SOP reference: E201 “Daphnia magna 24 & 48 hr EC50 acute immobilisation test”
Preliminary test method: A preliminary (range-finding) test was conducted at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.1, 1, 10 and 100mg/l.
The duration of the preliminary test was 48 ± 1 hours.
There was a single replicate at each concentration.
Preliminary test results: Data from the preliminary test identified the 48-hour EC50 as being between 10-100mg/l.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

A separate GLP study (ENV 11395) was conducted to monitor the sensitivity of the test animals and test procedures. The reference study gave a 24 hour EC50 of 1.4mg/l of potassium dichromate which was within the acceptable range 0.6 mg/l to 2.1 mg/l

Key result

Duration:

24 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

41.84 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

34.09 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

18 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

act. ingr.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 24-hour EC50 and 48-hour EC50 of 4,4 DIHYDROXYBENZOPHENONE to Daphnia magna were 41.8366mg/l and 34.092mg/l respectively.
The 0 to 24-hour NOEC and LOEC were 18mg/l and 32 mg/l respectively
The 0 to 48-hour NOEC and LOEC were 18mg/l and 32 mg/l respectively
The lowest test concentration which immobilised all twenty Daphnia after 48-hours was 58mg/l.
The highest concentration where no immobilisation occurred was 18mg/l.

Description of key information

The 24-hour EC50 and 48-hour EC50 of 4,4 DIHYDROXYBENZOPHENONE to Daphnia magna were 41.8366mg/l and 34.092mg/l respectively.

The 0 to 24-hour NOEC and LOEC were 18mg/l and 32 mg/l respectively

The 0 to 48-hour NOEC and LOEC were 18mg/l and 32 mg/l respectively

The lowest test concentration which immobilised all twenty Daphnia after 48-hours was 58mg/l.

The highest concentration where no immobilisation occurred was 18mg/l.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

34.092 mg/L