4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Justification for type of information:

There is no short term toxicity data available for this substance. The substance benzophenone, which is the parent molecule for the di hydroxy species 4,4 -dihydroxybenzophenone, is used widely in personal care products and has been evaluated for both toxicology and ecotoxicology. It has ben assessed that in the absence of other spcific data on 4,4 -dihydroxybenzophenone that benzophenone can be used as a suitable surrogate molecule for evaluation of this end point.

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Version / remarks:

Chinese National Standards:GB/T 27861-2011 (fish)
These methods basically referred to the OECD or ISO standards

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Aerated tap water was used to prepare a serial concentration of BP or DEET solution. Ten fish were put in a 5000-mL glass beaker with 4000 mL of solution. The experiments lasted 96 h. Each concentration test including cosolvent and blank control groups were designed with three parallel samples. The numbers of the dead individuals were recorded every 24 h.

GLP compliance:

not specified

Remarks:

Chinese reference material

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Analytical purity grade BP was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China).

Details on test solutions:

Stock solutions were prepared for B. rerio (50.10 mg/L BP and 690.30 mg/L DEET). All stock solutions were set up as 100%; then, a series of solutions at different percentages were made for the test.

Test organisms (species):

Danio rerio (previous name: Brachydanio rerio)

Details on test organisms:

B. rerio (AB strains) were ordered from Nanjing YSY Biotech Company Ltd. (Nanjing, China). The average body length was 2.60 ± 0.20 cm, average body weight was 0.33 ± 0.06 g, and potassium dichromate was used to test the sensitivity of B. rerio before the toxicity experiments. The experiments were carried out at: 25 ± 2 °C, pH 7.0–8.0, 12 h:12 h light–dark cycle

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

14.73 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Details on results:

In a concentration range from 8.00 to 20.00 mg/L, the relationship between the mortality of B. rerio and BP concentration was described by a linear equation:
y = −47.628 + 6.644x, (x: 8.00 mg/L~20.00 mg/L), where x is the BP concentration, and y is the mortality of B. rerio (%).
The acute toxicity of BP to B. rerio was shown as a linear graph in the paper.
The 96-h LC50 of B. rerio for BP was 14.73 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 14.11–15.39 mg/L), and thisvalue was classified as medium-level toxicity

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

According to the acute toxicity results of benzophenone (BP), the 96-h LC50 for B. rerio was 14.73 mg/L, which was judged as medium-level toxicity.
According to the authors of this paper, among all the acute toxicity data of BP registered in AIST-MeRAM, the 96-h LC50 of Oryzias latipes (fish) was 10.00 mg/L, which is a little lower than the results in the present study. There were 10 data about the LC50 of Pimephales promelas (fish), 9 of which were between 14.20 and 15.30 mg/L, which is very close to the 96-h LC50 value (14.73 mg/L) of B. rerio in the present study. These results indicated that the 96-h LC50 of BP tested by B. rerio was reasonable as compared with the results obtained by other species of fish.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Data waiving:

study scientifically not necessary / other information available

Justification for data waiving:

other:

Description of key information

There is no short term toxicity data available for this substance. The substance benzophenone (BP), which is the parent molecule for the di hydroxy species 4,4 -dihydroxybenzophenone, is used widely in personal care products and has been evaluated for both toxicology and ecotoxicology. It has been assessed that in the absence of other spcific data on 4,4 -dihydroxybenzophenone that benzophenone can be used as a suitable surrogate molecule for evaluation of this end point.

According to the acute toxicity results of benzophenone (BP), the 96-h LC50 for B. rerio was 14.73 mg/L, which was judged as medium-level toxicity.

According to the authors of the reference publication, among all the acute toxicity data of BP registered in AIST-MeRAM, the 96-h LC50 of Oryzias latipes (fish) was 10.00 mg/L, which is a little lower than the results in the present study. There were 10 data about the LC50 of Pimephales promelas (fish), 9 of which were between 14.20 and 15.30 mg/L, which is very close to the 96-h LC50 value (14.73 mg/L) of B. rerio in the present study. These results indicated that the 96-h LC50 of BP tested by B. rerio was reasonable as compared with the results obtained by other species of fish.

Reliable data been published on benzophenone, which is the parent molecule for the substance under test.

There are reliable key study data for daphnia, algae and microorganisms for the susbtance under test (4,4,dihydroxybenzophenone) and it is not thought necessary to carry out further testing on fish for this end point.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

14.73 mg/L