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EC number: 209-665-3 | CAS number: 589-92-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2015-12-10 to 2016-04-27
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- GLP-compliant study, performed according to guideline, fully adequate for assessment
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Control and all test concentrations
- Sampling method: Duplicate samples were taken from each treatment before the start of the test and after 48 hours; test item concentrations were analysed in one of the duplicate test medium samples
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored frozen immediately after sampling - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: At the start of the test, a concentrated stock solution of nominal 200 mg/L was freshly prepared by dissolving approximately 200 mg of the test item into 1 litre of test water. The required test concentrations were prepared as dilutions from this stock solution. The following test concentrations were assigned to the definitive test; 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L. The stock solution and each test concentration were inverted several times to ensure homogeneity and mixing of the solutions. The test media were prepared just before introduction of the daphnids (i.e. start of the exposure).
For each treatment, 20 daphnids were used divided into four replicates of five daphnids each. The test was performed in 100 mL conical flasks completely filled with test medium and sealed with ground glass stoppers. The daphnids were randomly distributed to the test vessels at the initiation of the test.
- Controls: Blank control
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): None reported - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: Straus, clone 5
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): Less than 24 hours old, not first brood progeny
- Feeding during test: No
ACCLIMATION - Not reported - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 250 mg/L as CaCO3 (corresponding to 2.5 mmol/L)
- Test temperature:
- 21 to 22 °C
- pH:
- Start of test: 7.8 - 8.0
End of test: 7.7 - 7.8 - Dissolved oxygen:
- Start of test: 8.9 to 9.3 mg/L
End of test: 8.6 to 8.8 mg/L - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L.
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Conical flasks sealed with ground glass stoppers
- Type: closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 100 mL flasks completely filled with test medium
- Aeration: The test water was aerated prior to the start of the study until oxygen saturation was reached. During the test period, the test water was not aerated.
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: ISO reconstituted test water
- Alkalinity: 0.8 mmol/L
- Ca/mg ratio: 4:1 (based on molarity)
- Culture medium different from test medium: Culture medium (with respect to pH, main ions, and total hardness) was identical to the test medium
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Water temperature was recorded daily throughout the test. Dissolved oxygen concentrations and pH were recorded at the start and termination of the test. The appearance of the test media was visually inspected at the start of the test and after 24 and 48 hours.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Not reported
- Photoperiod: 16-hour light to 8-hour dark cycle with a 20 minute transition period
- Light intensity: 548 to 621 Lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
The immobility of the daphnids was determined by visual inspection after 24 and 48 hours of exposure
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Range finding study: Yes
- Test concentrations: 0.10, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Results from the ranger finder showed no immobilization at 1.0 mg/L, 10 % immobilization was recorded at 0.10 and 10 mg/L and 60 % immobilization was observed at 100 mg/L - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Other biological observations: No signs of disease or stress (e.g. discoloration or unusual behaviour such as trapping at the water surface) were observed in the control
- Mortality of control: No immobilized Daphnia were determined in the control at the end of the test
- Abnormal responses: At 100 mg/L test concentration, 5 test animals were observed to be trapped at the surface at 48 hours
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: The control and all test concentrations were observed to be clear, colourless solutions. The measured concentrations were between 97 and 102 % of the nominal values at the start of the test and were between 89 and 97 % of the nominal test concentrations after 48 hours. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- EC50/LC50: 0.54 mg/L (48-h) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The 24 and 48-hour EC50 values were estimated by inspection of the data. The NOEC was determined using Fisher’s Exact Test using the ToxRat Professional computer software package (TOXRAT).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The test is considered to be valid, as no daphnids showed immobilization or other signs of disease or stress in the control, and the dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test was at least 3 mg/L in the control and test vessels.
- Conclusions:
- The 24- and 48-h EC50 were determined to be > 100 mg/L, the highest concentration tested. The 48-h NOEC was 100 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test item to Daphnia magna was assessed according to EU Method C.2 and OECD Guideline 202. The study is reliable without restrictions, as it is GLP-compliant and was conducted according to standard guidelines. Following a preliminary range-finding test, daphnids (less than 24 hours old) were exposed to an aqueous solution of the test item at nominal concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L, alongside a control, under static conditions for 48 hours. The 24- and 48-h EC50 were determined to be > 100 mg/L, the highest concentration tested. The 48-h NOEC was 100 mg/L.
Reference
Table 1. Immobilisation and observations of Daphnia magna
Nominal test item concentration (mg/L) | No. of daphnids tested | No. of immobilised daphnids after 24 hours | % of immobilised daphnids after 24 hours | No. of immobilised daphnids after 48 hours | % of immobilised daphnids after 24 hours |
Control | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
6.25 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
12.5 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
25 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
50 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
100 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 2 (5a) | 10 |
Values in parenthesis: number of test animals with adverse effects
a: Trapped at the surface
Description of key information
The toxicity of the test item to Daphnia magnawas assessed according to EU Method C.2 and OECD Guideline 202. The study is reliable without restrictions, as it is GLP-compliant and was conducted according to standard guidelines. Following a preliminary range-finding test, daphnids (less than 24 hours old) were exposed to an aqueous solution of the test item at nominal concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/L, alongside a control, under static conditions for 48 hours. The 24- and 48-h EC50 were determined to be > 100 mg/L, the highest concentration tested. The 48-h NOEC was 100 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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