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EC number: 273-761-1 | CAS number: 69012-64-2 Amorphous silicon dioxide particles from the volatilization and vaporization of furnace feed materials in the manufacture of ferrosilicon and silicon.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- chronic toxicity: inhalation
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Guideline study with acceptable restrictions.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Hypertension due to inhaled submicron amorphous silica.
- Author:
- Schepers, G. W.
- Year:
- 1 959
- Bibliographic source:
- Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.1: 487-500.
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Rabbits were exposed to submicron amorphous silica at concentrations of 28, 134, 360 mg/m3 for 8 h/d, 5d/wk up to 27 months.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Automatically generated during migration to IUCLID 6, no data available
- IUPAC Name:
- Automatically generated during migration to IUCLID 6, no data available
- Details on test material:
- submicron amorphous silica
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: New Zealand albino
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation: 4 months
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): standard vegetable diet
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- inhalation: dust
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- up to 27 months
- Frequency of treatment:
- 8 hours/day, 5 days/week
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
28, 134, 360 mg/m3
Basis:
Examinations
- Observations and examinations performed and frequency:
- CAGE SIDE OBSERVATIONS: Yes
DETAILED CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS: Yes
BODY WEIGHT: Yes
FOOD CONSUMPTION: No
FOOD EFFICIENCY: No
WATER CONSUMPTION: No
OPHTHALMOSCOPIC EXAMINATION: No
HAEMATOLOGY: Yes
- Parameters examined: electrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY: Yes
- Parameters examined: chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentrations
URINALYSIS: No
NEUROBEHAVIOURAL EXAMINATION: No
OTHER: ventricular pressures, serial radiography, electrocardiography, physiological studies - Sacrifice and pathology:
- GROSS PATHOLOGY: Yes
HISTOPATHOLOGY: Yes
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Mortality:
- mortality observed, treatment-related
- Body weight and weight changes:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not examined
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not examined
- Haematological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Urinalysis findings:
- not examined
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not examined
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Description (incidence and severity):
- lung weight
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Details on results:
- CLINICAL SIGNS AND MORTALITY
Elevation of right and left ventricular pressures was seen in rabbits. The elevations were partly reversible after cessation of dust exposure. Concomitant radiographic changes, electrocardiographic deviations, modifications of lung functions, hematologic and electrolyte disturbances were detected.
BODY WEIGHT AND WEIGHT GAIN
The high dose increased body weight.
HAEMATOLOGY
Erythrocyte count (23.5%), hematoglobin level (25.5%) and hematocrit readings (20%) increased with the high dose.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
The potassium level increased with 14% with the highest dose.
ORGAN WEIGHTS
Lung weights doupled with the high dose.
GROSS PATHOLOGY
Pulmonary emphysema.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NON-NEOPLASTIC
Autopsy findings consisted anatomical cor pulmonare, congestive cardiac failure, emphysema, and chemical pneumonitis were the main responses to the inhaled amorphous silica dust.
HISTOPATHOLOGY: NEOPLASTIC (if applicable)
Effect levels
- Dose descriptor:
- NOAEL
- Effect level:
- mg/m³ air
- Remarks on result:
- not determinable
- Remarks:
- no NOAEL identified
Target system / organ toxicity
- Critical effects observed:
- not specified
Any other information on results incl. tables
Based on the findings with right and left ventricular pressures, the silicate seem to act not only at the pulmonary level, but also peripherally after absorption.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
Schepers (1959) exposed rabbits to submicron amorphous silica at concentrations of 28, 134, 360 mg/m3for 8 h/d, 5d/wk up to 27 months. Ventricular pressures, concomitant findings (weight changes, dyspnea, serial radiography, electrocardiography, physiological studies, haematology, electrolyte disturbances), and necropsy findings were observed.
Elevation of right and left ventricular pressures was seen in rabbits. The elevations were partly reversible after cessation of dust exposure. Concomitant radiographic changes, electrocardiographic deviations, modifications of lung functions, hematologic and electrolyte disturbances were detected. Autopsy findings consisted anatomical cor pulmonare, congestive cardiac failure, emphysema, and chemical pneumonitis were the main responses to the inhaled amorphous silica dust.
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