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EC number: 201-200-2 | CAS number: 79-37-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Acceptable, publication which meets basic scientific principles. Workers were poisoned with a mixture of five gases without detailed concentrations.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Poisoning Caused by Inhalation of Hydrogen Chloride, Phosphorus Oxychloride, Phosphorus Pentachloride, Oxalyl Chloride, and Oxalic Acid
- Author:
- R. Rosenthal et al.
- Year:
- 1 978
- Bibliographic source:
- Chest, 73 (5): 623-626
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- poisoning incident
- Endpoint addressed:
- acute toxicity: inhalation
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Oxalyl dichloride
- EC Number:
- 201-200-2
- EC Name:
- Oxalyl dichloride
- Cas Number:
- 79-37-8
- Molecular formula:
- C2Cl2O2
- IUPAC Name:
- ethanedioyl dichloride
- Reference substance name:
- Hydrogen chloride
- EC Number:
- 231-595-7
- EC Name:
- Hydrogen chloride
- Cas Number:
- 7647-01-0
- IUPAC Name:
- chloride
- Reference substance name:
- Phosphoryl trichloride
- EC Number:
- 233-046-7
- EC Name:
- Phosphoryl trichloride
- Cas Number:
- 10025-87-3
- IUPAC Name:
- phosphoric trichloride
- Reference substance name:
- Phosphorus pentachloride
- EC Number:
- 233-060-3
- EC Name:
- Phosphorus pentachloride
- Cas Number:
- 10026-13-8
- IUPAC Name:
- pentachlorophosphorane
- Reference substance name:
- Oxalic acid
- EC Number:
- 205-634-3
- EC Name:
- Oxalic acid
- Cas Number:
- 144-62-7
- IUPAC Name:
- oxalic acid
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Constituent 4
Constituent 5
Method
- Type of population:
- occupational
- Subjects:
- - Number of subjects exposed: 11
- Sex: 8 male and 3 female
- Age: 22 to 56
- Known diseases: had been in good health prior to the accident - Ethical approval:
- not specified
- Route of exposure:
- inhalation
- Reason of exposure:
- accidental
- Exposure assessment:
- not specified
- Details on exposure:
- Eleven workers inhaled accidentially a gaseous mixture of hydrogen chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentachloride, oxalyl chloride, and oxalic acid. The accident was a result of an explosion in an enclosed area of a factory where these gases are prepared for industrial use. The eleven victims reported that they had inhaled a sufficient amount to produce mucosal irritation during the period of one-half to two minutes required for their escape.
- Examinations:
- - Urine analysis: yes
- Haematology: yes
- Lung function parameters: yes
- Other: electrocardiogram, chest x-ray film
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- The major symptoms were hoarseness, wheezing, cough, and shortness of breath. On physical examination, there were fine crepitations and scattered rhonchi heard diffusely over the lungs; and in a few patients, there was moderately severe conjunctivitis.
- Results of examinations:
- - Urine analysis: a trace of albumine in 1/11, and a few erythrocytes in the urine at the time of admission only in two others.
- Haematology: leukocytosis in 4/11 patients, a slight evlevated concentration of lactic dehydrogenase in 3/11,
- Lung function parameters: In four patients, the vital capacity (VC) was low, the lowest recored at 53% of normal. Four patients had increased residual volume and a reduced forced expiration volume in one second (FEV) and ratio of FEV/VC. After administration of albuterol (salbutamol: 2.5 mg) the FEV increased, suggesting a bronchospastic element. The carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (Dss) was reduced in two patients wiht levels of 60% and 69%, respecitively, of the predicted values at rest. In one other patient a reduced Dss was detected only during exercise. Follow-up data on pulmonary function were available in three patients and follow-up data on blood gas levels in eight. All patients with initial abnormalities had follow-up studies done, and only in one patient was no improvement seen.
- Other: The arterial oxygen pressure at rest was reduced in 7/11 patients at the time of admission. In each one of them, the alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference and the end-tidal end-forced-expiratory carbon dioxide pressure gradient were raised, and the mixing efficiency was impaired, suggesting disturbances in ventilation and perfusion. In one patient, hypoxemia was found without associated symptoms or abnormal physical findings, and this hypoxemia disappeared within a short period of time.
In two patients, there were clinical symptoms and auscultatory findings which disappeared within a few days. Both patients had normal blood gas levels. Finally, in two patients, there were no abnormal physical findings or disturbances in tests of pulmonary function.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
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