Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
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EC number: 233-135-0 | CAS number: 10043-01-3
Bioaccumulation: aquatic / sediment
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
In Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), steady state BCFs of 76 and 190 were reported after a 60-day exposure and BCFs of 362 after a45-day exposure to aluminium (aluminium sulphate) at pH 5.6 to 5.8.
A BCF of 155 has also been reported in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill tissue after a 3-day exposure to aluminium (as aluminium sulphate).
Steady-state BCF values as high as 14,000 have been reported in Asellus aquaticus after a 20-day exposure to aluminium (as aluminium sulphate). However, much of the accumulation was due to passive adsorption of aluminium onto the cuticle. Therefore, these BCFs are not representative of the internal concentration of aluminium and over estimate accumulation in this species.
A steady state BCF of 19,000 has been reported for the gut tissue of the fresh water snail Lymnaea stagnalis. However, the gut of the snail contains mucus that has a high affinity for metals such as aluminium. The mucus can be excreted and may be a primary route for the removal of metals from the snails. It was reported that mucus may have remained during the analysis of the gut and so this BCF may overestimate the accumulation of aluminium A BCF of 155 has also been reported in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill tissue after a 3-day exposure to aluminium (as aluminium sulphate) in this species.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- BCF (aquatic species):
- 362 L/kg ww
Additional information
Numerous field and laboratory studies have demonstrated that fish accumulate aluminum (as aluminium sulphate) in and on the gill. It has been suggested that the rate of transfer of aluminum (as aluminium sulphate) into the body of fish is either slow or negligible under natural environmental conditions (Spry and Wiener 1991). The initial uptake of aluminum (as aluminium sulphate) by fish essentially takes place not on the gill surface but mainly on the gill mucous layer (Wilkinson and Campbell 1993).
Fish may rapidly eliminate mucus and the bound aluminum following the exposure episode. For example, Wilkinson and Campbell (1993) and Lacroix et al. (1993) found that depuration of aluminum from the gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) was extremely rapid once fish were transferred into clean water. The authors suggested that the rapid loss is due to expulsion of aluminum bound to mucus.
REFERENCES
Roy R. 1999a. The chemistry, bioaccumulation and toxicity of aluminum in the aquatic environment for the PSL2 assessment of aluminum salts. Report prepared by Fisheries and Oceans Canada for Environment Canada.(QC): Environment. 110 pp. Unpublished report.
Spry DJ, Wiener JG. 1991. Metal bioavailability and toxicity to fish in low-alkalinity lakes — a critical review. Environ Pollut 71: 243–304.
Wilkinson KJ,PGC. 1993. Aluminum bioconcentration at the gill surface of juvenile Atlantic salmon in acidic media. Environ Toxicol Chem 12: 2083–2095.
Lacroix GL, Peterson RH, Belfry CS, Martin-Robichaud DJ. 1993. Aluminum dynamics on gills of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry in the presence of citrate and effects on integrity of gill structures. Aquat Toxicol 27: 373–402.
The estimated BCF of 3.16 L/kg wet-wt was measured by calculation from EPI SuiteTM v4.0 Program. This is Exposure Assessment Tools and Models made from EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) .
BCFBAF Program (v3.00) Results:
==============================
SMILES : [Al](O)S(=O)(=O)O(=O)S(O(=O))(=O)=OS(O([Al]))(=O)=O
CHEM :aluminium sulphate
MOL FOR: H4 O12 S3 Al2
MOL WT : 346.17
--------------------------------- BCFBAF v3.00 --------------------------------
Summary Results:
Log BCF (regression-based estimate): 0.50 (BCF = 3.16 L/kg wet-wt)
Biotransformation Half-Life (days) : 1.48e-005 (normalized to 10 g fish)
Log BAF (Arnot-Gobas upper trophic): -0.05 (BAF = 0.893 L/kg wet-wt)
Log Kow (experimental): not available from database
Log Kow used by BCF estimates: -7.82
Equation Used to Make BCF estimate:
Log BCF = 0.50
Correction(s): Value
Correction Factors Not Used for Log Kow < 1
Estimated Log BCF = 0.500 (BCF = 3.162 L/kg wet-wt)
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