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EC number: 620-365-5 | CAS number: 9016-72-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to soil macroorganisms except arthropods: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2013/08/21 to 2013/10/16
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 11268-2 (Effects of Pollutants on Earthworms. 2. Determination of Effects on Reproduction)
- Version / remarks:
- 1998
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 222 (Earthworm Reproduction Test (Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei))
- Version / remarks:
- 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- After four weeks, the adult worms were removed from the test vessels. The number of surviving worms (adult mortality) and their biomass change were determined, behavior (including feeding activity) and pathological symptoms were recorded. The adult worms were discarded after counting and weighing.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- The composition of the artificial soil was 10 % sphagnum peat; classified according to DIN 11540 (as close to pH 5.5-6.0 as possible, no visible plant remained, finely ground, dried to measured moisture content).
20 % kaolin clay (kaolinite content > 30 %); type: Kaolin W. 0.5 % calcium carbonate. 68.5 % industrial quartz sand; type: Millisil W3, (fine sand is dominant with more than 50 % of the particles between 50 and 200 µm). 1 % food (dried ground horse manure) and deionised water.
The soil was mixed using a KitchenAid mixing machine, with a mixing time: 2 x 2 minutes for each replicate rotations per minute: 240. The amount of soil/test vessel: 675 g wet weight corresponding to 500 g dry weight of artificial soil with a water content corresponding to 40-60 % of WHC. The maximum water holding capacity was WHC (g/100 g soil d.w.): 62.6. The water content at test start: 34.9 - 35.1 % (equivalent to 55.8 – 56.1 % of WHC). At test end: 34.1 – 34.9 % (equivalent to 54.5 – 55.8 % of WHC), with a difference between start and end of the test: max. 1.0 %. The pH at test start was between 6.11 – 6.19, and at test end was 5.68 – 5.80.
One day before test start, the dry artificial soil was pre-moistened by adding deionised water to obtain approximately half of the final water content. Earthworms were acclimatised in a separate batch of the artificial soil (mixed with horse manure) for approximately 24 hours before test start. On the day of the test start, the test item was introduced by dispersing the quantity of test item required to obtain the desired test concentration in the volume of water required to hydrate the soil to 40 60 % of its WHC. - Test organisms (species):
- Eisenia fetida
- Animal group:
- annelids
- Details on test organisms:
- The test organism was reared under ambient laboratory conditions in the test facility. The breeding medium was a mixture of horse manure, straw, peat (1:1:1), which originated from horse manure and straw were purchased from farmers. The breeding containers were (50 cm x 40 cm x 30 cm), with diffuse light, temperature: about 20 °C and moist soil; pH: about 7. The organisms were adults (approximately 4 months old with clitellum), and they weighed roughly 352 – 498 mg/worm. The time for acclimatization to test conditions was approximately 24 hours in the artificial substrate (with food) , and the food was air-dried and finely ground horse manure.
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- artificial soil
- Remarks:
- See preparation of substrate for more details
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 4 wk
- Post exposure observation period:
- 4 and 8 weeks after start of exposure
- Test temperature:
- 18.0 – 21.8°C
- pH:
- test start: 6.11 – 6.19
test end: 5.68 – 5.80 - Moisture:
- test start: 34.9 - 35.1 % (equivalent to 55.8 – 56.1 % of WHC)
test end: 34.1 – 34.9 % (equivalent to 54.5 – 55.8 % of WHC) - Details on test conditions:
- Light conditions: source: artificial light (Lumilux L58W), with an intensity: 520 lx. The duration of light : dark periods was 16 h : 8 h.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- 5.6, 10, 18, 32, 56, 100, 178, 316 mg form./kg soil dry weight
- Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- The reference item Nutdazim 50 FLOW (Carbendazim, SC 500) was tested in a separate study at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg product/kg soil dry weight.
- Key result
- Duration:
- 4 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 218 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Key result
- Duration:
- 4 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 218 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Key result
- Duration:
- 8 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 69.1 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Key result
- Duration:
- 8 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 38.7 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Key result
- Duration:
- 8 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 36.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Key result
- Duration:
- 8 wk
- Dose descriptor:
- other: EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 53.2 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- Study was performed with the formulated product Propineb WG 70A W.
With the exception of 2.5% mortality at concentrations of 10, 56, 178 and 316 mg form./kg soil dry weight no mortality was observed in any other test item treatment group. 2.5% mortality occurred in the control group. No statistically significant mortality compared to the control was observed at any test item concentration (Fisher’s Exact Binomial Test with Bonferroni Correction, alpha = 0.05, onesided greater). No effects on behaviour (including feeding activity) of the worms were observed during the test.
The test item caused no statistically significant (Williams-t-test, alpha = 0.05, one-sided smaller) change in biomass (change in fresh weight after 4 weeks relative to initial fresh weight) compared to the control group, i.e. a mean weight increase of 30.6% was recorded in the control group and 28.2, 29.0, 31.8, 26.8, 27.6, 26.4, 28.0 and 27.5% at the tested concentrations of 5.6, 10, 18, 32, 56, 100, 178 and 316 mg form./kg soil d.w., respectively. Statistically significant effects (Williams-t-test, alpha = 0.05, one-sided smaller) on number of juveniles compared to the control group were recorded at concentrations of 100, 178 and 316 mg form./kg d.w. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- In a reference test, the number of juveniles was reduced by 39 and 100 % by the toxic standard Nutdazim 50 FLOW (Carbendazim, SC 500) in comparison to the control. Therefore, the observed effects assure a high sensitivity of the test system.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The endpoints were mortality, change of biomass (difference in fresh weight of surviving worms between test start and four weeks after treatment) and reproduction (the number of juveniles present). The arithmetic mean and the standard deviation per treatment and per control for reproduction, mortality and biomass were calculated. The statistical analysis was performed with the software ToxRat Professional 2.10.06 (Ratte 2010). The EC10 and EC20 (number of juveniles) were estimated by Probit analysis using the maximum likelihood method (Finney 1971). Confidence limits (95 %) of the ECx values were computed by normal approximation. Fisher`s Exact Binomial Test with Bonferroni Correction and the Williams-t-test were used to compare the control with the independent test item groups. For statistical evaluation of the biomass change, the changed mean fresh weight of surviving worms per replicate was used.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The purpose of this study was to determine the sublethal effects of the formulation on reproduction, mortality and growth of the earthworm Eisenia fetida in a laboratory test. The test was performed according to the recommendations of the OECD Guideline 222 (2004) and the International Standard ISO 11268-2 (1998). Adult earthworms (Eisenia fetida, about 4 months old) were exposed to 5.6, 10, 18, 32, 56, 100, 178 and 316 mg form./kg d.w..
No statistically significantly adverse effects on mortality and biomass of the earthworm Eisenia fetida in artificial soil up to and including 316 mg form./kg soil d.w., i.e. the highest concentration tested, were observed. Statistically significantly adverse effects on reproduction were observed at 100, 178 and 316 mg form./kg soil d.w. Therefore, the No-Observed-Effect- Concentration (NOEC) was determined to be 38.7 mg a.s./kg soil d.w., and the Lowest-Observed- Effect-Concentration (LOEC) was determined to be 69.1 mg a.s./kg soil d.w. - Executive summary:
The purpose of this study was to determine the sublethal effects of the test item on reproduction, mortality and growth of the earthworm Eisenia fetida in a laboratory test. The test was performed according to the recommendations of the OECD Guideline 222 (2004) and the International Standard ISO 11268-2 (1998).
Adult earthworms were exposed to 5.6, 10, 18, 32, 56, 100, 178 and 316 mg form./kg d.w.. Mortality and biomass change were determined after 4 weeks and reproduction was determined after 8 weeks.
The NOEC (reproduction) was determined to be 38.7 mg a.s./kg soil d.w..
Reference
Table one
Effects on earthworm reproduction after 56 days
| Propineb [mg test item /kg dws] | ||||||||
| Control | 5.6 | 10 | 18 | 32 | 56 | 100 | 178 | 316 |
| Mortality of adult worms after 4 weeks | ||||||||
Mortality [%] | 2.5 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Biomass change | ||||||||
Mean [%] | 30.6 | 28.2 | 29.0 | 31.8 | 26.8 | 27.6 | 26.4 | 28.0 | 27.5 |
| Number of juveniles per surviving adult worm after 8 weeks | ||||||||
Mean | 12.9 | 12.5 | 12.0 | 11.9 | 12.2 | 11.6 | 9.0 | 5.5 | 2.9 |
| Number of juveniles per replicate after 8 weeks | ||||||||
Mean ± SD | 125.9 ± 23.8 | 124.8 ± 16.8 | 117.8 ± 32.6 | 119.3 ± 18.1 | 121.8 ± 10.8 | 113.8 ± 16.5 | 89.5* ± 16.9 | 54.0* ± 16.9 | 28.0* ± 14.5 |
| Reproduction compared to control [%] | ||||||||
% to control | 100 | 99.1 | 93.5 | 94.7 | 96.7 | 90.4 | 71.1 | 42.9 | 22.2 |
Table two
Effects on mortality, growth and reproduction of the earthworms
Test item Test object Exposure | Propineb Eisenia fetida Artificial soil | ||
| Adult mortality | Biomass change | Reproduction |
[mg test item /kg dws] | |||
LOEC | >316 | >316 | 100 |
NOEC | ≥316 | ≥316 | 56 |
Description of key information
The purpose of this study was to determine the sublethal effects of the test item on reproduction, mortality and growth of the earthworm Eisenia fetida in a laboratory test. The test was performed according to the recommendations of the OECD Guideline 222 (2004) and the International Standard ISO 11268-2 (1998). Mortality and biomass change were determined after 4 weeks and reproduction was determined after 8 weeks.
The NOEC (reproduction) was determined to be 38.7 mg a.s./kg soil d.w..
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil macroorganisms:
- 38.7 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
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