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EC number: 219-774-8 | CAS number: 2528-39-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 27 - 30 Mar 2017
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 2004
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Landesamt für Umwelt, Wasserwirtschaft und Gewerbeaufsicht, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: all test item concentration and control
- Sampling method: samples were taken at test start, after 24 h (old), 24 h (new) and 48 h - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method: Saturated solution was prepared by pipetting 106 μL/L corresponding to the nominal load 100 mg/L (based on a density of 0.94 g/mL, stated in the MSDS provided by the sponsor) on the surface of dilution water and stirring slowly for 24.5 h (first solution) resp. 24 h (second solution). The lower phase was used as highest concentrated test solution and for preparation of the lower concentrated treatments. At the beginning and for medium renewal, the necessary solutions were freshly prepared.
- Controls: yes, medium - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: Umweltbundesamt Berlin; in-house breeding since 27 Sep 2007
- Age of test animals: between 0 and 24 hours
- Feeding during test: no
- Food type: unicellular green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus)
- Frequency: twice a week
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same
- Type and amount of food: unicellular green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus)
- Feeding frequency: twice a week
METHOD FOR PREPARATION AND COLLECTION OF EARLY INSTARS OR OTHER LIFE STAGES: 18 h before the start of the test, the adult animals were separated from the young. 0.5 h before test start, the adults were caught with the help of a glass tube, and the newborn Daphnia, aged between 0 and 17 h, were sieved from the medium and immediately placed into a 250 mL-beaker containing dilution water. After a settling-in period of 30 min, animals which showed no apparent damage were used for the test. - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 2.502 mmol/L
250 mg CaCO3/L - Test temperature:
- 20.0 – 21.8 °C
- pH:
- 7.7 - 7.8 (control)
7.6 - 7.9 (test concentrations) - Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.5 - 8.7 mg/L (control)
8.5 - 9.0 mg/L (test concentrations) - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- control, 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L (nominal)
control, 7.1, 18.8, 42.3, 101.4 and 215.8 µg/L (geometric mean) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
Test vessel:
- Type: open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass beakers 100 mL volume, tall shape, 50 mL test volume, 50 mL headspace
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): after 24 h
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 4
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Deionised water with an enrichment of certain minerals (dilution water as demanded in the guidelines) was used in the test. M4-Medium according to the OECD guideline.
- pH: 7.7
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: every 24h during the test
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED: mobility
RANGE-FINDING STUDY: no range-finding test was performed - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 76 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- lower phase of saturated test solution was tested
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 19 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- lower phase of saturated test solution was tested
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities: no abnormalities were detected
- Mortality of control: 0% mortality in the control
- Other: Analytical and biological results are summarized within the tables 1-5 in the section "Any other information on results incl tables" - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - EC50 (24h): 1.8 mg/L (within the range of 0.6 – 2.1 mg/L of the OECD guideline)
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The estimation of the biological results was accomplished using the software ToxRat® Professional, version 3.2.1.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
Reference
Table 1: Validity criteria
Criterion from the guideline |
Outcome |
Validity criterion fulfilled |
In the control, including the control containing the solubilising agent, not more that 10% of the daphnids should have been immobilized. |
0% |
Yes |
The dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test should be ≥ 3 mg/L in control and test vessels. |
8.7 mg/L |
Yes |
Table 2: Biological Results Test Item
Parameter |
Value |
95%-confidence interval |
24h EC50 |
104 μg/L |
n d. * |
48h EC50 |
76 μg/L |
59 – 99 μg/L |
48h NOEC |
19 μg/L |
-- |
48h LOEC |
42 μg/L |
-- |
* not determined either due to mathematical reasons or value is beyond the tested concentrations by more than factor 1000.
Table 3: Immobility
Nominal Concentration in mg/L |
Immobility 24 hours absolute |
Immobility 48 hours absolute |
||||||
Blank control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4.6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
22 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
0 |
46 |
3 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
4 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
100 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
Table 4: Analytical Results: Measured Concentrations
Nominal Concentration Test Item |
Measured Concentrations t = 0 h |
Measured Concentrations t = 24 h old |
Measured Concentrations t = 24 h new |
Measured Concentrations t = 48 h |
mg/L |
μg/L |
μg/L |
μg/L |
μg/L |
Blank control |
< LOD |
< LOD |
< LOD |
< LOD |
4.6 |
9.02 |
3.37 |
13.38 |
6.35 |
10 |
23.33 |
16.54 |
25.82 |
12.49 |
22 |
46.01 |
31.25 |
57.38 |
38.69 |
46 |
101.98 |
87.58 |
123.05 |
96.21 |
100 |
234.75 |
198.40 |
* |
* |
LOQ (Limit of quantification) = 2.8μg/L; *not measured because all Daphnia were found dead after 24 hours
Description of key information
EC50 (48h) = 76 µg/L (Daphnia magna, OECD 202, geometric mean)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 76 µg/L
Additional information
One experimental study is available investigating the toxicity of the substance to aquatic invertebrates. The study was conducted according to OECD 202 (GLP) using the water flea Daphnia magna (LAUS GmbH, 2017d). The study was performed using 5 test item concentrations ranging from 4.6 to 100 mg/L (nominal). For each test concentration 20 Daphnia were exposed to the test item for 48 hours in a semi-static test system. The content of the test item in the test solutions was measured using GC/MSD at the beginning and at the end of the test and at medium renewal in the new and old test solution. Because of the poor solubility of the test item, the correlation between nominal and measured concentration was weak. Therefore, the determination of the results was based on the geometric mean of the measured concentrations. The EC50 (48h) was determined at 76 µg/L and a NOEC (48h) was observed at 19 µg/L based on the measured concentration (based on the geometric mean) and thus below the highest measured test concentration of 215.8 µg/L.
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