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EC number: 290-179-3 | CAS number: 90082-87-4 Extractives and their physically modified derivatives such as tinctures, concretes, absolutes, essential oils, oleoresins, terpenes, terpene-free fractions, distillates, residues, etc., obtained from Prunus domestica L. Rosaceae.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 11 January 2018 - 15 February 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 018
- Report date:
- 2018
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 17 July 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: ISO International Standard 10634. "Water Quality - Guidance for the preparation and treatment of poorly water-soluble organic compounds for the subsequent evaluation of their biodegradability in an aqueous medium"
- Version / remarks:
- 1995
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Plum, ext.
- EC Number:
- 290-179-3
- EC Name:
- Plum, ext.
- Cas Number:
- 90082-87-4
- Molecular formula:
- not applicable
- IUPAC Name:
- Extract obtained from fruits of Prunus domestica L. Rosaceae
- Test material form:
- liquid
- Details on test material:
- - Physical appearance: Blackish brown to dark brown liquid
- Storage conditions: At room temperature
Constituent 1
Study design
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of inoculum/activated sludge: Municipal sewage treatment plant 'Waterschap Aa en Maas', 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands, receiving predominantly domestic sewage.
- Storage conditions: Freshly obtained sludge was kept under continuous aeration until further treatment.
- Concentration of suspended solids: 3.0 g/L in the concentrated sludge.
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The sludge was coarsely sieved (1 mm) and washed with mineral medium.
- Pretreatment: The day before the start of the test (day -1) mineral components, Milli-RO water (ca. 80% of final volume) and inoculum (1% of final volume) were added to each bottle. This mixture was aerated with synthetic air overnight to purge the system of CO2. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
Initial test substance concentrationopen allclose all
- Initial conc.:
- 12 mg/L
- Based on:
- TOC
- Initial conc.:
- 38 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Initial conc.:
- 1.17 other: mg CO2/mg
- Based on:
- ThCO2
Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- CO2 evolution
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONCENTRATIONS:
- Test solutions: bottle A: 38.26 mg test item per litre; bottle B: 37.83 mg test item per litre
CONTROLS:
- Inoculum blank: containing only inoculum (2 bottles)
- Positive control: containing reference item and inoculum (1 bottle).
- Toxicity control: containing test item, reference item and inoculum (1 bottle).
PREPARATION OF TEST SOLUTIONS:
The test item was not sufficiently soluble to allow preparation of an aqueous solution at a concentration of 1 g/L. TOC content of the test item was determined by TOC analysis to be 31.78%. On the day of testing weighed amounts of the test item were added to the 2-litres test bottles containing medium with microbial organisms and mineral components small watch glasses were used to add weighed amounts to the 2-litres test bottles containing medium with microbial organisms and mineral components. 10 mL of Milli- RO water was added to each bottle and after vigorous mixing (vortex) the resulting suspension was added to the test medium. The test solutions were continuously stirred during the test, to ensure optimal contact between the test item and the test organisms.
TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: According to OECD 301B
- Test temperature: 22-23 °C
- pH: at start: 7.6; t=14d: 7.7 (positive and toxicity control); t=28d: 7.5-7.6 (blank controls and test solutions)
- pH adjusted: yes, the pH was adjusted using 1 M HCl to 7.6 in all test vessels, except for the toxicity control which was adjusted to 7.5.
- Suspended solids concentration: 15 mg/L
- Test media were excluded from light and the test vessels were brown coloured glass bottles.
- Test media were aerated and stirred continuously.
TEST SYSTEM
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2 for test suspension, 2 for inoculum blank, 1 for positive control, 1 for toxicity control.
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: synthetic air (CO2 < 1 ppm) sparged through scrubbing solutions at a rate of approximately 1-2 bubbles per second (ca. 30-100 mL/min).
- Details of trap for CO2 and volatile organics: Three CO2-absorbers (bottles filled with 100 mL 0.0125 M Ba(OH)2) were connected in series to the exit air line of each test bottle. Each time the CO2-absorber nearest to the test bottle was removed for titration; each of the remaining two absorbers was moved one position in the direction of the test bottle. A new CO2-absorber was placed at the far end of the series.
- Phenolphthalein (1% solution in ethanol, Merck) was used as pH-indicator.
SAMPLING
- Sampling frequency: Titrations were made on day 2, 5, 8, 12, 15, 19, 23 and 29. Titrations for the positive and toxicity control were made over a period of at least 14 days.
- Sampling method: Titration of Ba(OH)2 in the gas scrubbing bottles.
Reference substance
- Reference substance:
- acetic acid, sodium salt
- Remarks:
- Purity: 99.5%; ThCO2: 1.07 mg CO2/mg
Results and discussion
% Degradationopen allclose all
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 85
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Bottle A
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (CO2 evolution)
- Value:
- 79
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: Bottle B
- Details on results:
- - The ThCO2 of Plum concentrate was calculated to be 1.17 mg CO2/mg.
- Biodegradation: The relative biodegradation revealed 85% and 79% biodegradation of the test item (based on ThCO2), for the duplicate bottles tested. The criterion for ready biodegradability (at least 60% biodegradation within a 10-day window) was met.
- Toxicity control: More than 25% biodegradation occurred within 14 days (77%, based on ThCO2). Therefore, the test item was assumed not to inhibit microbial activity.
- Functioning of the test system was checked by testing the reference item sodium acetate, which showed a normal biodegradation curve.
BOD5 / COD results
- Results with reference substance:
- The positive control, sodium acetate, showed a normal biodegradation curve and reached 90% biodegradation after 14 days, which passes the validity criterium of at least 60% biodegradation within 14 days.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Acceptability of the test
1. The positive control item was biodegraded by at least 60% (90%) within 14 days.
2. The difference of duplicate values for %-degradation of the test item was always less than 20% (≤ 9%).
3. The total CO2 release in the blank at the end of the test did not exceed 40 mg/L (61.5 mg CO2 per 2 litres of medium, corresponding to 30.8 mg CO2/L).
4. The Inorganic Carbon content (IC) of the test item (suspension) in the mineral medium at the beginning of the test was less than 5% of the Total Carbon content (TC). Since the test medium was prepared in tap-water purified by reverse osmosis, IC was less than 5% of TC (mainly coming from the test item, 12 mg TOC/L).
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- See 'overall remarks'
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- In a biodegradability test (Modified Sturm Test), performed according to OECD 301B and GLP principles, Plum concentrate was readily biodegradable (85% and 79% biodegradation in duplicate bottles tested).
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