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EC number: 228-067-3 | CAS number: 6107-56-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 28 July 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: All concentrations
- Sampling method: At 24, 48 and 72 hours, media of each treatment group was pooled (10 mL from each vessel) and 2 x 15 mL samples were taken from the pooled media.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Samples were frozen until required for analysis. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: The test item was prepared at 100 mg/L by dispersing 80.3 mg of test item in 1000 mL of OECD medium. To disperse the test item, the solution was shaken and treated with ultrasound for 20 minutes. An aliquot (313 mL) was diluted to 1000 mL with OECD medium to give the stock at 25.0 mg/L. This stock was then diluted (333 mL made up to 1000 mL) with OECD medium to give the next concentration. The remaining stocks were prepared by serial dilution in the same way.
- Eluate: OECD test medium
- Differential loading: Yes
- Controls: Untreated test medium
- Chemical name of vehicle (organic solvent, emulsifier or dispersant): None
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): None reported during test. A formulation trial showed that the test item formed a hazy dispersion after shaking and treatment with ultrasound for 15 - 20 minutes. - Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: CCAP 278/4
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa (CCAP)
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 72 hours
- Method of cultivation: A primary culture was established by the addition of approximately 0.1 ml of the algal stock to 100 ml of OECD medium contained in a 250 ml conical flask. The culture was incubated for ca. 72 hours under conditions similar to the test. After 72 hours the concentration of algal cells (per ml-1) was determined and two secondary cultures were prepared by inoculating 100 ml of OECD medium to give an initial start biomass of ca. 5 x 103 cell ml-1. These cultures were then incubated under conditions similar to the test for approximately 72 hours. This method of culture ensured that the algal cells were in an exponential growth phase when used in the study. One of these cultures was then used as the inoculum in the study. The initial algal biomass of this culture was 323,750 cell/ml.
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: None
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): Yes
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: None reported - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- Not reported
- Test temperature:
- 21.6 to 23.4 °C
- pH:
- 6.97 to 7.83
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not reported
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Conductivity:
- Not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0.763, 2.44, 7.81, 25.0 and 80.0 mg/L
Geometric mean measured: 0.107, 0.161, 0.456, 1.18 and 4.65 mg/L
As the test item was unstable under the condition of the test, the geometric mean concentration for the exposure groups was calculated. This was calculated using a value that was half the LOD (0.14 mg/L) of the analytical method i.e. 0.07 mg/L in samples where the test item was not detected. - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Conical flask
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 250 ml conical flasks filled with 100 ml test medium
- Aeration: None. The test vessels were stoppered with air permeable stoppers and placed on an orbital platform shaker and continually agitated at ca. 140 rpm in order to facilitate gaseous exchange.
- Initial cells density: 5,000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: Mean = 545,000 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: Yes, OECD medium
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Distilled water
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
- Intervals of water quality measurement: The pH and temperature were determined in each of the bulk solutions and the media prior to starting the test and in a single vessel from each concentration at the end of the test period.
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: Yes; sterile conical flasks used
- Adjustment of pH: None
- Photoperiod: Continuous
- Light intensity and quality: 7450 to 7990 Lux (mean 7653 Lux)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: Haemocytometer
- Chlorophyll measurement: No
- Other: Microscopic observations were made of the appearance of the cell cultures during the test.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 3.2
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: Not applicable
- Range finding study: Yes
- Test concentrations: Nominal concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 32.3 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval 23.0 to 43.9 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval 1.35 to 1.88 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 5.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval: 1.01 to 9.97 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 0.223 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval: 0.139 to 0.312 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 11 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval: 5.09 to 17.6 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 0.489 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval: 0.368 to 0.618 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.763 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: The NOEC for specific growth rate is below the limit of quantification of the analytical method.
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.107 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Geometric mean concentration < LoD
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 2.44 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.161 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.08 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval: 3.43 to 4.86 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.28 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval: 0.212 to 0.368 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- < 0.763 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- < 0.107 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 0.984 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % confidence interval: 0.721 to 1.29 mg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- < 0.107 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.763 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Remarks on result:
- other: The NOEC for yield nominal results is below the limit of quantification of the analytical method.
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.107 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 2.44 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.161 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: Yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): Yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test):
- Unusual cell shape - At the nominal 2.44 and 7.81 mg/L concentrations some small and abnormal shaped cells were observed. At the nominal 25.0 and 80.0 mg/L concentrations small and abnormal shaped cells were observed, and at the nominal 80.0 mg/L concentration swollen cells were observed.
- Colour differences: None reported
- Flocculation: None reported
- Adherence to test vessels: None reported
- Aggregation of algal cells: None reported
- Other: During the test it was noted that at the nominal concentrations of 7.81 to 80.0 mg/L, there was significant bacterial growth. This was most pronounced in the groups at 25.0 and 80.0 mg/L. No significant bacterial contamination was noted in the controls. As this bacterial contamination was only observed in the test groups, the source of the bacteria was (possibly) the test item itself.
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: None
- Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No observations reported
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No
- Analytical chemistry: At the start of the test (0 hours) the analytical recoveries of the test item ranged from 49% of nominal (at 0.763 mg/L) to 97% of nominal. Concentrations from 2.44 to 80.0 mg/L ranged from 80% to 97% of nominal. At 24 hours, test item was not measured at nominal concentrations of 0.763 and 2.44 mg/L and at nominal concentrations of 7.81 to 80.0 mg/L, recoveries were 17% to 82% of nominal. By 48 hours the test item was not detected in the concentrations at 0.763 to 25.0 mg/L and 2% of nominal was measured at 80.0 mg/L. By 72 hours the test item was not detected in any of the test groups. These results indicated that the test item was not stable under the conditions of the test. As the test item was unstable under the condition of the test, the geometric mean concentration for the exposure groups was calculated. This was calculated using a value that was half the LOD (0.14 mg/L) of the analytical method (i.e. 0.07 mg/L) in samples where the test item was not detected. All study results were reported in terms of the nominal concentrations and the geometric mean concentrations.
At 0.763 mg/L, the 0-hour analytical recovery was 0.378 mg/L. This result was confirmed with the analysis of the reserve sample. This result was below the LOQ of the analytical method, 0.54 mg/L. Attempts to decrease the LOQ of the method were unsuccessful. Therefore, as the value was measured but below the LOQ, it was reported and included in the calculations of the study end points. The Study Director acknowledges that this data point is below the limit of quantitation of the analytical method for the test item. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? Yes
- EC50: 2.17 mg/L for specific growth rate and 0.819 mg/L for yield (biomass) - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- All study end points were statistically analysed in terms of the nominal calcium dioctanoate concentrations and the geometric mean measured concentrations.
For the EC10, EC20 and EC50 calculations a dose-response curve was fitted to the data – percentage inhibition vs log concentration. Where possible the EC10, EC20 and EC50 and the 95% confidence intervals were calculated using regression analysis.
The NOEC was defined as the test concentration below the lowest concentration that resulted in a statistically significant effect. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value ≤ 0.05. The LOEC was defined as the lowest test concentration that has a statistically significant effect (p-value ≤ 0.05) when compared to the control. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Specific growth rate and factor increase in controls: 1.55 and 109, respectively (must be >0.92 and >16, respectively); CoV section specific growth rate in controls: 14.3% (must be ≤35%); CoV average specific growth rate at 72 h: 5.9% (must be ≤7%)
- Conclusions:
- The 72-hour ErC50 and ErC10 were calculated to be 32.3 mg test item/L and 5.40 mg test item/L, respectively, based on nominal concentrations and 1.60 mg test item/L and 0.223 mg test item/L, respectively, based on geometric mean measured concentrations. The 72-hour EyC50 and EyC10 were calculated to be 4.08 mg test item/L and <0.763 mg test item/L, respectively, based on nominal concentrations and 0.280 mg test item/L and <0.107 mg test item/L, respectively, based on geometric mean measured concentrations.
- Executive summary:
The toxicity of the test item to the green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined in a study following OECD guideline 201. Algae were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0.763, 2.44, 7.81, 25.0 and 80.0 mg test item/L, equivalent to geometric mean measured concentrations of 0.107, 0.161, 0.456, 1.18 and 4.65 mg test item/L alongside a control.
At the start of the test the analytical recoveries of the test item ranged from 49% to 97% of nominal. At 24 hours, test item was not measured at nominal concentrations of 0.763 and 2.44 mg/L and at nominal concentrations of 7.81 to 80.0 mg/L, recoveries were 17% to 82% of nominal. By 48 hours the test item was not detected in the concentrations at 0.763 to 25.0 mg/L and 2% of nominal was measured at 80.0 mg/L. By 72 hours the test item was not detected in any of the test groups. As the test item was unstable under the condition of the test, the geometric mean concentration for the exposure groups was calculated. This was calculated using a value that was half the LOD (0.14 mg/L) of the analytical method i.e. 0.07 mg/L in samples where the test item was not detected. All study results were reported in terms of the nominal concentrations and the geometric mean concentrations.
The 72-hour ErC50 and ErC10 were calculated to be 32.3 mg test item/L and 5.40 mg test item/L, respectively, based on nominal concentrations and 1.60 mg test item/L and 0.223 mg test item/L, respectively, based on geometric mean measured concentrations. The 72-hour EyC50 and EyC10 were calculated to be 4.08 mg test item/L and <0.763 mg test item/L, respectively, based on nominal concentrations and 0.280 mg test item/L and <0.107 mg test item/L, respectively, based on geometric mean measured concentrations.
The study is a GLP compliant, guideline experimental study and is available as an unpublished report. There are no restrictions and it is fully adequate for assessment.
Reference
Table 1: Cell counts (cells/mL)
Nominal test item conc. (mg/L) |
Cells/mL |
Mean %Iy |
|||||
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
72 hours |
72 -hours mean cell count |
72 -hours mean yield |
||
Control |
5000 |
21667 |
142778 |
552500 |
545000 |
540000 |
N/A |
20000 |
108333 |
350000 |
|||||
21667 |
117778 |
592500 |
|||||
23889 |
124444 |
416250 |
|||||
25000 |
187778 |
637500 |
|||||
27778 |
140556 |
721250 |
|||||
0.763 |
18333 |
142222 |
670000 |
451667 |
446667 |
17 |
|
24444 |
160556 |
415000 |
|||||
18889 |
88333 |
270000 |
|||||
2.444 |
18889 |
110000 |
366250 |
340417 |
335417 |
38 |
|
24444 |
146111 |
378750 |
|||||
15556 |
101111 |
276250 |
|||||
7.81 |
13889 |
81667 |
170000 |
195000 |
190000 |
65 |
|
19444 |
92222 |
207222 |
|||||
21111 |
70000 |
207778 |
|||||
25.0 |
7778 |
30000 |
93333 |
87222 |
82222 |
85 |
|
7778 |
37778 |
86111 |
|||||
6111 |
34444 |
82222 |
|||||
80.0 |
5000 |
7778 |
7778 |
9444 |
4444 |
99 |
|
4444 |
8333 |
10000 |
|||||
5000 |
5000 |
10556 |
%Iy = percentage inhibition of yield. N/A = not applicable
Table 2: Summary of Specific Growth Rate Data
Nominal Test Item Conc. (mg/L) | Mean Average Specifc Growth Rate per Day (0 to 72 hours) |
Mean % Inhibition (0 to 72 hours) |
Control | 1.554 | 0 |
0.763 | 1.478 | 4.9 |
2.44 | 1.404 | 9.7 |
7.81 | 1.220 | 22 |
25.0 | 0.953 | 39 |
80.0 | 0.209 | 87 |
Table 3: ErCx and EyCx, LOEC and NOEC dat
Test Item Concentration (mg/L) | ||
Nominal | Geometric Mean Measured | |
Specific Growth Rate | ||
ErC10 | 5.40 [1.01, 9.97] |
0.223 [0.139, 0.312] |
ErC20 | 11.0 [5.09, 17.6] |
0.489 [0.368, 0.618] |
ErC50 | 32.3 [23.0, 43.9] |
1.60 [1.35, 1.88] |
NOEC | 0.763 | 0.107 |
LOEC | 2.44 | 0.161 |
Yield | ||
EyC10 | < 0.763 | < 0.107 |
EyC20 | 0.984 [0.721, 1.29] |
< 0.107 |
EyC50 | 4.08 [3.43, 4.86] |
0.280 [0.212, 0.368] |
NOEC | 0.763 | 0.107 |
LOEC | 2.44 | 0.161 |
[ ] = 95 % confidence intervals
Table 4: Observations
Nominal Test Item Concentration (mg/L) | Summary Observations (24 - 72 hours) |
Control | Cells appear normal |
0.763 | Cells appear normal |
2.44 | Normal cells, Some small and abnormal shaped cells |
7.81 | Some small and abnormal shaped cells, normal cells |
25.0 | Small and abnormal shaped cells |
80.0 | Small and abnormal shaped cells, swollen cells |
Table 5: pH and temperature of the test media at the start and end of the test
Treatment Solution No. | Nominal Concentration (mg/L) | pH | Temperature (°C) | ||
0 hours | 72 hours | 0 hours | 72 hours | ||
1 (Control) | 0 | 7.00 | 7.83 | 22.8 | 21.6 |
2 | 0.763 | 7.08 | 7.77 | 22.8 | 21.9 |
3 | 2.44 | 7.06 | 7.74 | 23.0 | 21.9 |
4 | 7.81 | 6.98 | 7.68 | 23.1 | 21.7 |
5 | 25.0 | 7.02 | 7.78 | 23.2 | 22.0 |
6 | 80.0 | 6.97 | 7.74 | 23.4 | 22.0 |
Table 6: Analytical recoveries and geometric mean calculations
Nominal Conc. (mg/L) |
Analytical Recoveries | ||||||||
T0 hours |
T24 hours |
T48 hours |
T72 hours
|
Geometric mean (mg/L) |
|||||
mg/L |
% Nominal |
mg/L |
% Nominal |
mg/L |
% Nominal |
mg/L |
% Nominal |
||
0 (Control) |
ND |
NA |
ND |
NA |
ND |
NA |
ND |
NA |
NA |
0.763 |
0.378 |
<LOQ |
0.0700 |
ND |
0.0700 |
ND |
0.0700 |
ND |
0.107 |
2.44 |
1.96 |
80 |
0.0700 |
ND |
0.0700 |
ND |
0.0700 |
ND |
0.161 |
7.81 |
6.61 |
85 |
1.33 |
17 |
0.0700 |
ND |
0.0700 |
ND |
0.456 |
25.0 |
24.7 |
99 |
16.2 |
65 |
0.0700 |
ND |
0.0700 |
ND |
1.18 |
80.0 |
77.8 |
97 |
65.3 |
82 |
1.31 |
2 |
0.0700 |
ND |
4.65 |
ND = not detected, the concentration is below the LOD of the analytical method (0.14 mg/L).
NA = Not applicable
< LOQ = Less than the limit of quantification for the analytical method (0.56 mg/L)
Description of key information
The 72-hour ErC50 and ErC10 were calculated to be 32.3 mg test item/L and 5.40 mg test item/L, respectively, based on nominal concentrations and 1.60 mg test item/L and 0.223 mg test item/L, respectively, based on geometric mean measured concentrations. The 72-hour EyC50 and EyC10 were calculated to be 4.08 mg test item/L and <0.763 mg test item/L, respectively, based on nominal concentrations and 0.280 mg test item/L and <0.107 mg test item/L, respectively, based on geometric mean measured concentrations.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 1.6 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 0.223 mg/L
Additional information
The toxicity of the test item to the green algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined in a study following OECD guideline 201 (Dickinson 2018). Algae were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0.763, 2.44, 7.81, 25.0 and 80.0 mg test item/L, equivalent to geometric mean measured concentrations of 0.107, 0.161, 0.456, 1.18 and 4.65 mg test item/L alongside a control.
At the start of the test the analytical recoveries of the test item ranged from 49% to 97% of nominal. At 24 hours, test item was not measured at nominal concentrations of 0.763 and 2.44 mg/L and at nominal concentrations of 7.81 to 80.0 mg/L, recoveries were 17% to 82% of nominal. By 48 hours the test item was not detected in the concentrations at 0.763 to 25.0 mg/L and 2% of nominal was measured at 80.0 mg/L. By 72 hours the test item was not detected in any of the test groups. As the test item was unstable under the condition of the test, the geometric mean concentration for the exposure groups was calculated. This was calculated using a value that was half the LOD (0.14 mg/L) of the analytical method i.e. 0.07 mg/L in samples where the test item was not detected. All study results were reported in terms of the nominal concentrations and the geometric mean concentrations.
The 72-hour ErC50 and ErC10 were calculated to be 32.3 mg test item/L and 5.40 mg test item/L, respectively, based on nominal concentrations and 1.60 mg test item/L and 0.223 mg test item/L, respectively, based on geometric mean measured concentrations. The 72-hour EyC50 and EyC10 were calculated to be 4.08 mg test item/L and <0.763 mg test item/L, respectively, based on nominal concentrations and 0.280 mg test item/L and <0.107 mg test item/L, respectively, based on geometric mean measured concentrations.
The study is a GLP compliant, guideline experimental study and is available as an unpublished report. There are no restrictions and it is fully adequate for assessment.
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