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EC number: 241-698-9 | CAS number: 17696-62-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Justification for type of information:
- The source compound Benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (EC 202-311-9, CAS 94-18-8) is considered a suitable read across partner for the target substance Phenyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (EC 241-698-9, CAS 17696-62-7). This read-across is based on the hypothesis that source and target substances have similar toxicological properties because:
- structural similarity of the target and the source substances (the presence or absence of additional functional groups or substituents that could influence the behaviour of a chemical),
- similarity in physico-chemical profile of the source and target substances (water solubility, partitioning behaviour (log Kow value))
Both substances are structural homologues regarding the functional groups at the ester (phenyl vs benzyl group). Both esthers have similar physico-chemical properties. Both are moderately/poorly water soluble (108 g/L vs 0.05 mg/L), exhibit similar log Kow values (3.97 vs 3.21), have similar boiling points (355 °C vs 241 °C) and vapour pressure (3.37x10-6 mm Hg vs 8.17x10-6 mm Hg). - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 5 nominal concentration was used but exact values not specified
- Details on results:
- dissolved oxygen of water =7.1 to 9.0 mg/L
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- For all acute tests, LC50 values were calculated for each paraben using the probit method, if assumptions were met, or a trimmed Spearman–Karber method, if assumptions for the probit method were not met. Because all acute tests were run in
triplicate, the average LC50 value from the three exposures was calculated - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The LC50 value for Daphnia magna for benzyl 4-hxdroxybenzoate (CAS# 94-18-8) was determined with 4.0 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The 48-hr-acute toxicity of benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate to Daphnia magna was studied under static conditions and conducted according to OECD guideline 202.Test specieswere exposed to control, solvent control, and test chemical at five concentrations for 48 hr. Mortality and immobilisation were observed daily. The 48-hour LC50was 4.0 mg a.i./L.
This study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for an acute toxicity study with freshwater invertebrates.
Results Synopsis
Test Organism Age (e.g. 1stinstar): < 24 h
Test Type (Flowthrough, Static, Static Renewal): static
LC50: 4.0 mg/L
Endpoint(s) Effected: mortality and immobility
This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- The source compound Benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (EC 202-311-9, CAS 94-18-8) is considered a suitable read across partner for the target substance Phenyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (EC 241-698-9, CAS 17696-62-7). This read-across is based on the hypothesis that source and target substances have similar toxicological properties because:
- structural similarity of the target and the source substances (the presence or absence of additional functional groups or substituents that could influence the behaviour of a chemical),
- similarity in physico-chemical profile of the source and target substances (water solubility, partitioning behaviour (log Kow value))
Both substances are structural homologues regarding the functional groups at the ester (phenyl vs benzyl group). Both esthers have similar physico-chemical properties. Both are moderately/poorly water soluble (108 g/L vs 0.05 mg/L), exhibit similar log Kow values (3.97 vs 3.21), have similar boiling points (355 °C vs 241 °C) and vapour pressure (3.37x10-6 mm Hg vs 8.17x10-6 mm Hg). - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 2.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks:
- numbers of immobilized bodies
- Remarks on result:
- other: 5 concentrations mention but values was not specified
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The EC50 value of benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (CAS # 94-18-8) for Daphnia magna was determined with 2.1 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The 48-hr-acute toxicity of benzyl 4-hydroxybenzoate to Daphnia magna was studied under static conditions according to the OECD guideline 202. Test specieswere exposed to control and test chemical at five different concentrations for 48 hr. Mortality and immobilisation were observed daily. The 48-hour LC50/EC50was 2.1 mg a.i./L.
This study is classified as acceptable/unacceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for an acute toxicity study with freshwater invertebrates.
Results Synopsis
Test Organism Age (e.g. 1stinstar): < 24 h
Test Type (Flowthrough, Static, Static Renewal): static
LC50: 2.1 mg a.i./L
Endpoint(s) Effected: mortality, immobility
This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance.
Referenceopen allclose all
All calculations of LC50 values were based on nominal concentrations. Control mortality in RHW and solvent never exceeded 10%. Additionally, there was no significant difference ( p .0.05) between the RHW control and solvent control in any test. In both species, significant relationships (p ,0.01) between log P and LC50 values for the parabens were demonstrated (Fig. 2A). During the acute studies, organisms were first observed either immobilized or sluggish, and with time, the parabens ultimately led to the death of the organism.
Description of key information
Two short-term toxicity studies with Daphnia magna according to OECD guideline 202 are available deriving the following effect concentrations:
48 -h LC50 = 2.2 mg/L (Yamamoto et al. 2011)
48 -h LC50 = 4.0 mg/L (Dobbins et al. 2009)
The lower value is set as key value.
This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 2.1 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.