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EC number: 265-479-2 | CAS number: 65122-08-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Remarks:
- lemna
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 17 January 2018 to 08 February 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 018
- Report date:
- 2018
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 221 (Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2-[3-(1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene)prop-1-enyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium acetate
- EC Number:
- 265-479-2
- EC Name:
- 2-[3-(1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene)prop-1-enyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium acetate
- Cas Number:
- 65122-08-9
- Molecular formula:
- C25H29N2.C2H3O2
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-[3-(1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene)prop-1-enyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium acetate
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Analytical samples were taken at 0 hours (initial value) from fresh test solutions, after 2 and 5 days from fresh and aged test solutions and after 7 days from aged test solutions from all test item concentrations and control.
All samples were stored deep frozen until they were transferred to the analytical laboratory. The samples were thawed to ambient temperature, mixed with 50 mL acetonitrile and shaken on a horizontal flatbed shaker for 15 min. If necessary, the samples were further diluted with acetonitrile/test medium (1:1, v/v) prior to analysis by HPLC-MS/MS.
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Remarks:
- dissolved in test medium
- Details on test solutions:
- A stock solution was prepared in test medium and further diluted to achieve the required concentrations
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Lemna gibba
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: duck weed
- Strain: Lemna gibba G3 (Alismatales: Araceae)
- Source: inhouse clone from primary culture by Dr. Janet Slovin, Horticulture Crops Quality Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture. BARC-West, Bldg. 050 HH-4, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A.
- Method of cultivation: cultured in appropriate glass beakers under continuous illumination with OSRAM light tubes (L30/32-930 and L30/W72-965), at 6500 - 10000 lux. The temperature was 24 ± 2 °C.
Before the test was started, plants were cultured under the same illumination and temperature conditions as those to be used for the toxicity test. Young, light-green plants of similar size and comprising 2 - 4 fronds were transferred onto fresh medium and cultured for 7-10 days prior to testing, with two further transfers onto fresh medium before initiating the test.
Study design
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 7 d
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- no data
- Test temperature:
- 23.5 – 23.9 °C (measured in separate vessel held under the same conditions as the test vessels)
- pH:
- fresh solutions: 7.40-7.61
aged solutions: 8.51-9.49 ( 100 ug/L 8.55-8.96) - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0, 0.160, 0.800, 4.00, 20.0 and 100 ug/L
Measured (fresh): 74-133% of nominal
Measure (aged):geometric mean concentrations: 0, 0.0496, 0.192, 1.04, 7.20 and 52 ug/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 250 mL glass bottles each containing ~150 mL test medium covered with glass plate
- Aeration: no
- Renewal rate of test solution: on day 2 and 5
- No. of fronds per colony: 2-4 (total 12)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM:no data
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS: 20xAAP test medium according to the guideline
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: yes
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuously
- Light intensity and quality: T8-fluorescent tubes, length 900 mm, LT30W/865 daylight; 780 0 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of frond number: manual counting on day 0, 2, 5 and 7 (inludes observation of appearance)
- Determination of biomass: dry weight on day 7 (for t=0 based on 6X12 fronds from the culture); dried at 60°C for about 72 hours
- Determination of frond area: no
- Other: plant development, frond size, necrosis and additional observations
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 0, 0.010, 0.100, 1.00 and 10.0 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: inhibition of yield and growth rate based on frond number at 0.01 mg/L and above
On day 3 shortened roots and yellow fronds were observed from 0.100 to 10.0 mg/L. Additionally at 0.100 mg/L fronds were tightly assembled and gibbosity was observed. At 1.00 and 10.0 mg/L fronds were partially singularized. Also, at 1.00 mg/L, the edge of the fronds was coloured red.
On day 5 at 0.0100 mg/L shortened roots and partially small offshoots were found. Small offshoots were also observed at 0.100 mg/L. Shortened roots, as well as yellow and partially singularized fronds were observed at test item concentrations 0.100 and 10.0 mg/L. At 1.00 mg/L shortened roots, and singualised, yellow fronds with red coloured edge were found.
On day 7 at 0.0100 mg/L shortened roots, small offshoots, tightly assembled fronds and gibbosity were found. Small offshoots and gibbosity were also observed at 0.100 mg/L. Shortened roots, as well as yellow and partially singularized fronds were observed at test item concentrations 0.100 and 10.0 mg/L. At 1.00 mg/L shortened roots, and singualised, yellow fronds were found. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.192 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on yield and growth rate
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.04 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on yield and growth rate
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 5.5 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on yield
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 33.3 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- frond number
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on growth rate
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 14.6 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on yield
- Duration:
- 7 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 27.1 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on growth rate
- Details on results:
- On day 2 shortened roots and tightly assembled fronds were observed at 100 µg/L.
On day 5 shortened roots and gibbosity were observed at concentrations of 4.00 to 100 µg/L. Additionally at concentrations of 20.0 and 100 µg/L small offshoots and tightly assembled fronds were found. At 100 µg/L additionally, fronds were brown.
On day 7 shortened roots and gibbosity were observed at concentrations of 4.00 to 100 µg/L. Additionally at concentrations of 20.0 and 100 µg/L small offshoots and tightly assembled fronds were found. At 100 µg/L additionally, fronds were brown and partially singularized. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- EC50 growth rate 3,5-dichlorophenol = 6.69 mg/L (frond numbers), 11.0 mg/L (dry weight)
Any other information on results incl. tables
Frond numbers:yield
|
Mean of frond numbers |
Yield based on mean frond numbers |
Inhibition (%) |
|||
Days |
|
|
||||
Nominal conc. [µg/L] |
0 |
2 |
5 |
7 |
7-0 |
7-0 days |
Control |
12 |
24 |
91 |
242 |
230 |
0.0 |
0.160 |
12 |
24 |
91 |
258 |
246 |
-7.01) |
0.800 |
12 |
25 |
93 |
256 |
244 |
-6.12) |
4.00 |
12 |
23 |
79 |
191 |
179* |
22.2 |
20.0 |
12 |
23 |
60 |
108 |
96* |
58.3 |
100 |
12 |
19 |
35 |
42 |
30* |
87.0 |
* Statistically significant different to the control (Dunnetts-t-test, left-sided)
1)Value was omitted for EC10, 20, 50-calculation
2)Value was set to zero for EC10, 20, 50-calculation
Frond numbers: growth rates
Days |
Days |
|||||
Nominal conc. [µg/L] |
2 |
5 |
7 |
2 |
5 |
7 |
Mean growth rate µ [d-1] |
Inhibition of growth rat (%) |
|||||
Control |
0.3387 |
0.4039 |
0.4290 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.160 |
0.3389 |
0.4051 |
0.4383 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
-2.21) |
0.800 |
0.3602 |
0.4102 |
0.4371 |
-6.3 |
-1.6 |
-1.92) |
4.00 |
0.3230 |
0.3772 |
0.3952* |
4.6 |
6.6 |
7.9 |
20.0 |
0.3240 |
0.3229 |
0.3129* |
4.3 |
20.1 |
27.1 |
100 |
0.2198 |
0.2155 |
0.1798* |
35.1 |
46.6 |
58.1 |
* Statistically significant different to the control (Dunnetts-t-test, left-sided)
1)Value was omitted for EC10, 20, 50-calculation
2)Value was set to zero for EC10, 20, 50-calculation
Frond numbers: mean doubling times (Td)
Days |
||||
Nominal conc. [µg/L] |
2 |
5 |
7 |
7 |
Td[days] |
Td[hours] |
|||
Control |
2.046 |
1.716 |
1.616 |
38.8 |
0.160 |
2.045 |
1.711 |
1.581 |
37.9 |
0.800 |
1.924 |
1.690 |
1.586 |
38.1 |
4.00 |
2.146 |
1.838 |
1.754 |
42.1 |
20.0 |
2.139 |
2.147 |
2.215 |
53.2 |
100 |
3.154 |
3.216 |
3.855 |
92.5 |
Dry weight:
|
Mean dry weight |
Yield based on mean dry weight [g] |
Inhibition [%] |
||
Nominal conc. [µg/L] |
Days |
||||
0 |
7 |
0.0 |
7-0 |
||
Control |
0.0106 |
0.0435 |
-11.61) |
0.0329 |
|
0.160 |
0.0473 |
-10.02) |
0.0367 |
||
0.800 |
0.0468 |
10.0 |
0.0362 |
||
4.00 |
0.0402 |
38.9 |
0.0296 |
||
20.0 |
0.0307 |
81.2 |
0.0201* |
||
100 |
0.0168 |
|
0.0062* |
||
* Statistically significant different to the control (Bonferroni-Holms corrected Welch test, left-sided)
1)Value was omitted for EC10, 20, 50-calculation
2)Value was set to zero for EC10, 20, 50-calculation
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The EC50 based on growth rate is 27.1 ug/L based on biomass, The NOEC based on growth rate is 0.192 ug/L based on biomass
- Executive summary:
In a study with a semi-static design (renewal on day 2 and 5) the vegative growth of Lemna gibba G3 was observed for a test period of 7 days by measuring the increase of frond numbers and dry weight. Lemna was exposed at nominal concentrations of 0, 0.160, 0.800, 4.00, 20.0 and 100 ug/L (mean measured concentrations 0, 0.0496, 0.192, 1.04, 7.20 and 52 ug/L).
Significant inhibitory effects were determined for yield and growth rate of frond numbers and biomass at test item concentrations of 1.04 ug/L (measured) and above. The EC50-value for yield of frond numbers was determined to be 5.50 ug/L (measured), the EC50-value for growth rate of frond numbers was determined to be 33.3 ug/L (measured). The EC50-value for yield of dry weight was determined to be 14.6 ug/L (measured), the EC50-value for growth rate of dry weight was determined to be 27.1 ug/L (measured).
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