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EC number: 215-264-4 | CAS number: 1317-34-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2016-09-29 to 2017-01-17
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 017
- Report date:
- 2017
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- bioaccessibility (or bioavailability)
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The study estimated the metal bio-accessibility of the test item in different artificial media: gastric juice, lysosomal, alveolar and perspiration fluids; representing ingestion, inhalation and dermic contact routes of exposure in humans.
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dimanganese trioxide
- EC Number:
- 215-264-4
- EC Name:
- Dimanganese trioxide
- Cas Number:
- 1317-34-6
- Molecular formula:
- Mn2O3
- IUPAC Name:
- dimangantrioxide
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Source: Ramboll Environ, Germany
- Composition: 69.6% Mn (% w/w) - Radiolabelling:
- no
Test animals
- Species:
- other: not applicable
- Strain:
- other: not applicable
- Details on species / strain selection:
- not applicable
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- not applicable
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: in vitro study
- Vehicle:
- other: not applicable
- Details on exposure:
- not applicable
- Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- not applicable
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 0.2 other: g / L
- Remarks:
- Loading (Gastric bio-elution test)
- Dose / conc.:
- 2 other: g / L
- Remarks:
- Loading (Sweat bio-elution test)
- Dose / conc.:
- 2 other: g / L
- Remarks:
- Loading (Alveolar bio-elution test)
- Dose / conc.:
- 2 other: g / L
- Remarks:
- Loading (Lysosomal bio-elution test)
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- not applicable
- Control animals:
- other: not applicable
- Positive control reference chemical:
- not applicable
- Details on study design:
- Please see box "Any other information on materials and method incl. tables"
- Details on dosing and sampling:
- not applicable
- Statistics:
- not applicable
Results and discussion
- Preliminary studies:
- Not applicable
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on absorption:
- Not applicable
- Details on distribution in tissues:
- Not applicable
- Details on excretion:
- Not applicable
Metabolite characterisation studies
- Metabolites identified:
- not measured
- Details on metabolites:
- Not applicable
Bioaccessibility (or Bioavailability)
- Bioaccessibility (or Bioavailability) testing results:
- The results of the bio-elution tests (see tables 1-5 in box "Any other information on results incl. tables) showed a consistent solubility pattern, where higher solubility was attained in acidic pH media, like artificial gastric juice (pH 1.5) and lysosomal fluids (pH 4.5), than in the more alkaline media of perspiration (pH 6.5) and alveolar fluids (pH 7.4). Even more, complete dissolution was observed in artificial lysosomal fluid.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Summary of results
Metal release in gastric test (µg / L) |
% Solubility (0.2 g / L loading) |
||||||
Sample |
Metal |
2 h |
CV, % |
2 h |
CV, % |
||
Mn2O3 |
Mn |
11698 |
1 |
8.40 |
1 |
||
Metal release in lysosomal fluid (µg / L) |
% Solubility (2 g / L loading) |
||||||
Sample |
Metal |
24 h |
CV, % |
72 h |
CV, % |
72 h |
CV, % |
Mn2O3 |
Mn |
1392980 |
3 |
1380723 |
3 |
99.2 |
3 |
Metal release in alveolar fluid (µg / L) |
% Solubility (2 g / L loading) |
||||||
Sample |
Metal |
24 h |
CV, % |
72 h |
CV, % |
72 h |
CV, % |
Mn2O3 |
Mn |
14.8 |
12 |
19.0 |
3 |
0.001 |
3 |
Metal release in perspiration fluid (µg / L) |
% Solubility (2 g / L loading) |
||||||
Sample |
Metal |
24 h |
CV, % |
72 h |
CV, % |
72 h |
CV, % |
Mn2O3 |
Mn |
12913.4 |
3 |
39826.0 |
2 |
2.86 |
2 |
Table 2: Dimanganese trioxide 2 hours bio-elution test in gastric mimetic fluid
Gastric test parameters |
Manganese, µg / L |
Manganese, µg / g |
||||||
Blank |
Time, h |
Temp, °C |
pH |
Mean; µg / L |
S.D. |
CV, % |
Mean, µg / g |
CV, % |
|
Before |
37 |
1.50 |
0.05 |
0.02 |
45 |
0.25 |
45 |
|
2 |
37 |
1.50 |
0.06 |
0.01 |
21 |
0.30 |
21 |
Mn2O3 |
Before |
37 |
1.50 |
0.06 |
0.01 |
24 |
0.30 |
24 |
|
2 |
37 |
1.50 |
11698 |
154 |
1 |
58490 |
1 |
Table 3: Dimanganese trioxide 72 hours bio-elution test in lysosomal mimetic fluid
Lysosomal test parameters |
Manganese, µg / L |
Manganese, µg / g |
||||||
Blank |
Time, h |
Temp, °C |
pH |
Mean; µg / L |
S.D. |
CV, % |
Mean, µg / g |
CV, % |
|
Before |
37 |
4.50 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
2 |
37 |
4.48 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
24 |
37 |
4.47 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
72 |
37 |
4.45 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Mn2O3 |
Before |
37 |
4.50 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
2 |
37 |
4.83 |
1328353 |
128705 |
10 |
664177 |
10 |
|
|
37 |
4.93 |
1392980 |
38582 |
3 |
696490 |
3 |
|
|
37 |
5.01 |
1380723 |
40077 |
3 |
690362 |
3 |
Table 4: Dimanganese trioxide 72 hours bio-elution test in alveolar mimetic fluid
Alveolar test parameters |
Manganese, µg / L |
Manganese, µg / g |
||||||
Blank |
Time, h |
Temp, °C |
pH |
Mean; µg / L |
S.D. |
CV, % |
Mean, µg / g |
CV, % |
|
Before |
37 |
7.41 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
2 |
37 |
7.27 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
24 |
37 |
7.29 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
72 |
37 |
7.40 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
Mn2O3 |
Before |
37 |
7.41 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
2 |
37 |
7.45 |
13.4 |
1.5 |
11 |
6.7 |
11 |
|
|
37 |
7.43 |
14.8 |
1.7 |
12 |
7.4 |
12 |
|
|
37 |
7.45 |
19.0 |
0.6 |
3 |
9.5 |
3 |
Table 5:Dimanganese trioxide 168 hours bio-elution test in perspiration mimetic fluid
Perspiration test parameters |
Manganese, µg / L |
Manganese, µg / g |
||||||
Blank |
Time, h |
Temp, °C |
pH |
Mean; µg / L |
S.D. |
CV, % |
Mean, µg / g |
CV, % |
|
Before |
30 |
6.45 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
24 |
30 |
6.30 |
0.2 |
0.01 |
4 |
0.1 |
4 |
|
168 |
30 |
5.97 |
0.2 |
0.07 |
29 |
0.1 |
29 |
Mn2O3 |
Before |
30 |
6.45 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
24 |
30 |
6.41 |
12913.4 |
358.3 |
3 |
6456.7 |
3 |
|
168 |
30 |
6.22 |
39826.0 |
839.2 |
2 |
19913.0 |
2 |
CV corresponds to the coefficient of variation between vessels
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In this study, the test item showed a consistent solubility pattern, where higher solubility was attained in acidic pH media, like artificial gastric juice (pH 1.5) and lysosomal fluids (pH 4.5), than in the more alkaline media of perspiration (pH 6.5) and alveolar fluids (pH 7.4). Even more, complete dissolution was observed in artificial lysosomal fluid.
- Executive summary:
A study to estimate the bioaccessibility of the test item in different artificial media: gastric juice, lysosomal, alveolar and perspiration fluids; representing ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact routes of exposure in humans, was performed. The rate and extend of the metal released in these in vitro simulations of biological compartments can be used for human health hazard classification of this substance. The results showed a consistent solubility pattern, where higher solubility was attained in acidic pH media, like artificial gastric juice (pH 1.5) and lysosomal fluids (pH 4.5), than in the more alkaline media of perspiration (pH 6.5) and alveolar fluids (pH 7.4). Even more, complete dissolution was observed in artificial lysosomal fluid.
Simulated Body Fluid pH Extraction time (h) µg Mn/L sample St. Dev. Gastric fluid 1.50 2 11698 154 Lysosomal fluid 4.93 24 1392980 38582 5.01 72 1380723 40077 Alveolar fluid 7.43 24 14.8 1.5 7.45 72 19.0 0.6 Perspiration fluid 6.41 24 12913.4 358.3 6.22 168 39826.0 839.2
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