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EC number: 273-159-9 | CAS number: 68951-62-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Adsorption / desorption
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption: screening
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- From February 26, 2013 to March 12, 2013
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- KL2 due to RA
- Justification for type of information:
- Refer to section 13 of IUCLID for details on the read-across justification. The study with the read across substance is considered sufficient to fulfil the information requirements as further explained in the provided endpoint summary.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across: supporting information
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 121 (Estimation of the Adsorption Coefficient (Koc) on Soil and on Sewage Sludge using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC))
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of method:
- HPLC estimation method
- Media:
- soil/sewage sludge
- Test temperature:
- 30°C
- Details on study design: HPLC method:
- Measured HPLC retention data were obtained for 11 reference substance (acetanilide, atrazine, monuron, 2,5-dichloroaniline, linuron, naphthalene, benzoic acid phenylester, 1,2,3 trichlorobenzene, fenthion, phenanthrene and 4,4' DDT). Based on these data, a calibration graph of Log k' versus log Koc was established to correlate the measured HPLC retention data of the test item with its adsorption coefficients (Koc) for soil and sewage sludge.
The capacity factors k' were calculated according to the following equation:
k' = (tR-t0)/t0
where:
tR: HPLC retention time in minutes of test and reference substances
t0: HPLC dead time in minutes (determined with formamide)
The test substance was prepared at a concentration of 500 mg/L in three replicates.The reference substances have been injected before and after the test substance to confirm that retention times had not drifted. - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Key result
- Sample No.:
- #1
- Type:
- log Koc
- Value:
- > 2.93 - < 4.68 dimensionless
- Temp.:
- 30 °C
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Based on the results of the read across study, a similar Koc range can be considered for the test substance, C16 -18 AMP.
- Executive summary:
A study was conducted to determine the adsorption coefficient (log Koc) on soil and on sewage sludge of the read across substance, Oleamide MIPA (purity: 100%), using HPLC, according to OECD Guideline 121, in compliance with GLP. In the study, measured HPLC retention data were obtained for 11 reference substances (i.e., acetanilide, atrazine, monuron, 2,5 dichloroaniline, linuron, naphathalene, benzoic acid phenylester, 1,2,3 trichlorobenzene, fenthion, phenanthrene and 4,4’ DDT). Based on these data, a calibration graph was established to correlate the measured HPLC retention data of the test substance with its adsorption coefficient for soil and sewage sludge. Under study conditions, the log Koc of the read across substance for soil and sewage sludge was determined to range from 2.93 to 4.68 at 30°C (Legay, 2013). Based on the results of the read across study, a similar Koc range can be considered for the test substance, C16 -18 AMP.
- Endpoint:
- adsorption / desorption: screening
- Type of information:
- (Q)SAR
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- results derived from a valid (Q)SAR model and falling into its applicability domain, with adequate and reliable documentation / justification
- Justification for type of information:
- QSAR prediction from a well-known and acknowledged tool. See below under 'Overall remarks, attachments' for applicability domain.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: REACH guidance on QSARs: Chapter R.6. QSARs and grouping of chemicals
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Since the test substance is a UVCB with similar constituents varying mainly in carbon chain lengths, the Koc values were estimated for the individual components using the MCI (Molecular Connectivity Index) approach of the KOCWIN v2.00 program followed by the determination of an overall weighted-average value using the mole fractions of all the individual components.
- Computational methods:
- Since the test substance is an UVCB with several constituents varying mainly in carbon chain lengths, the Koc values were estimated for the individual components using the MCI (Molecular Connectivity Index) approach of the KOCWIN v2.00 program followed by an determination of an overall weighted-average value using the mole fractions of all the individual components.
MCI based methodology:
PCKOCWIN (version 1) estimated Koc solely with a QSAR utilizing First Order Molecular Connectivity Index (MCI). This QSAR estimation methodology is described completely in a journal article (Meylan et al, 1992) and in a report prepared for the EPA (SRC, 1991). PCKOCWIN (version 2) utilizes the same methodology, but the QSAR has been re-regressed using a larger database of experimental Koc values that includes many new chemicals and structure types.
Reference: Meylan, W., P.H. Howard and R.S. Boethling, "Molecular Topology/Fragment Contribution Method for Predicting Soil Sorption Coefficients", Environ. Sci. Technol. 26: 1560-7 (1992).
Validity of model
1. Defined endpoint: log Koc – soil adsorption coefficient of organic compounds.
2. Unambiguous algorithm:
log Koc = 0.5213 MCI + 0.60 + ΣPfN
MCI – molecular connectivity index, ΣPfN - summation of the products of all applicable correction factor coefficients available in the data set multiplied by the number of times (N) that factor is counted for the structure.
3. Applicability domain: Currently, there is no universally accepted definition of model domain. The training set of the model contains diverse molecules, so that the fragment library is abundant. It is however possible that a compound has functional groups or other structural features that are not represented in the training set and for which no fragment coefficients were developed. Additionally, there can be more instances of a given fragment than the maximum for all training set compounds. These points should be taken into consideration while interpreting test results.
Molecular weight limits of the training set: 32-665 g/mol
Log Kow limits: -2.11-9.10
4. Appropriate measures of goodness of fit, robustness and predictivity: for the statistics, training data set has been split up into two subsets: the one containing non-polar substances with no fragments subjected to corrections (i.e. those with ΣPfN = 0) and the one containing the remaining ones. For the non-polar set: N = 69 compounds, correlation coefficient R2= 0.967, standard deviation sd = 0.247 and average deviation ad = 0.199. For the second set: N = 447 compounds, correlation coefficient R2= 0.9, standard deviation sd = 0.34 and average deviation ad = 0.273. For the external validation data set: N = 158 compounds, correlation coefficient R2= 0.85, standard deviation sd = 0.583 and average deviation ad = 0.459. For the 516 compounds in the training set, 93% are within 0.6 log units and 100% within 1 log unit. For the accuracry graphs, please refer to the PDF under 'attached background material'.
5. Mechanistic interpretation if possible: The methodology and relationship between the first order molecular connectivity index (MCI) and adsorption coefficient is outlined in the reference paper: Meylan, W., P.H. Howard and R.S. Boethling, "Molecular Topology/Fragment Contribution Method for Predicting Soil Sorption Coefficients", Environ. Sci. Technol. 26: 1560-7 (1992). MCI was initially successfully used to predict soil sorption coefficients for non-polar organics, and the developed new estimation method based on MCI and series of statistically derived fragment contribution factors made it useful also for the polar ones.
- Key result
- Type:
- Koc
- Value:
- ca. 15 782.64 L/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: weighted average estimation using MCI method of KOCWIN v.2.00
- Remarks:
- log Koc: 4.2
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Using the MCI (Molecular Connectivity Index) approach of the KOCWIN v2.00 program (EPI Suite v4.11), the estimated Koc of the individual constituents ranged from 6076 to 47470 L/kg (i.e., equivalent to log Koc ranging from 3.78 to 4.68), leading to a weighted average log Koc value of the test substance at 15782.64 L/kg (or log Koc: 4.2)
- Executive summary:
The soil adsorption coefficient (Koc) of the test substance, C16-18 AMP, was estimated using the MCI (Molecular Connectivity Index) approach of the KOCWIN v2.00 program (EPI Suite v4.11). Since the test substance is a UVCB with similar constituents varying mainly in carbon chain length, Koc values were estimated for the individual constituents followed by the determination of an overall weighted-average value based on mole fractions. SMILES codes were used as the input parameter. The estimated Koc of the individual constituents ranged from 6076 to 47470 L/kg (i.e., equivalent to log Koc ranging from 3.78 to 4.68), leading to a weighted average Koc for the test substance of 15782.64 L/kg (log Koc: 4.2) (US EPA, 2018). This range of Koc indicates strong sorption potential to soil/sediment and negligible to slow migration to ground water (US EPA, 2012). The estimates for all the constituents can be considered to be reliable and accurate as they are all within the applicability domain.
Referenceopen allclose all
Details on results:
Chemical names |
SMILES |
Mole fraction Xi = (mi/Mi)/∑ (mi/Mi) |
log Koc |
log Koc * xi |
Domain evaulation |
N-(1-Hydroxy-2-Methylpropan-2-yl) Hexadecanamide |
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC(C)(C)CO |
0.494140 |
3.7836 |
1.869627417 |
ID (Molecular weight and fragments) |
N-(1-Hydroxy-2-Methylpropan-2-yl) Octadecanamide |
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC(C)(C)CO |
0.455163 |
4.393 |
1.999530126 |
ID (Molecular weight and fragments) |
Methyl Stearate |
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC |
0.024099 |
4.676 |
0.112686999 |
ID (Molecular weight and fragments) |
Methyl palmitate |
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC |
0.026598 |
4.155 |
0.11051626 |
ID (Molecular weight and fragments) |
|
|
|
|
4.092360802 |
|
ID = in domain; OD = out of doamin
SMILES : CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC(C)(C)CO | |||
CHEM : | |||
MOL FOR: C20 H41 N1 O2 | Domain evaluation | MW (Training set) | |
MOL WT : 327.56 | ID | 665.02 | |
--------------------------- KOCWIN v2.00 Results --------------------------- | |||
Koc Estimate from MCI: | |||
--------------------- | |||
First Order Molecular Connectivity Index ........... : 11.015 | |||
Non-Corrected Log Koc (0.5213 MCI + 0.60) .......... : 6.3420 | |||
Fragment Correction(s): | Training set | ||
1 N-CO-C (aliphatic carbon) ............ : -1.0277 | ID | 1 | |
1 Nitrogen to Carbon (aliphatic) (-N-C).. : -0.2127 | ID | 5 | |
1 Aliphatic Alcohol (-C-OH) ........... : -1.3179 | ID | 1 | |
Corrected Log Koc .................................. : 3.7836 | |||
Estimated Koc: 6076 L/kg <=========== | |||
Koc Estimate from Log Kow: | |||
------------------------- | |||
Log Kow (Kowwin estimate) ......................... : 6.08 | |||
Non-Corrected Log Koc (0.55313 logKow + 0.9251) .... : 4.2881 | |||
Fragment Correction(s): | |||
1 N-CO-C (aliphatic carbon) ............ : -0.0038 | |||
1 Nitrogen to Carbon (aliphatic) (-N-C).. : -0.0218 | |||
1 Aliphatic Alcohol (-C-OH) ........... : -0.4114 | |||
Corrected Log Koc .................................. : 3.8511 | |||
Estimated Koc: 7098 L/kg <=========== | |||
SMILES : CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NC(C)(C)CO | |||
CHEM : | |||
MOL FOR: C22 H45 N1 O2 | Domain evaluation | MW (Training set) | |
MOL WT : 355.61 | ID | 665.02 | |
--------------------------- KOCWIN v2.00 Results --------------------------- | |||
Koc Estimate from MCI: | |||
--------------------- | |||
First Order Molecular Connectivity Index ........... : 12.015 | |||
Non-Corrected Log Koc (0.5213 MCI + 0.60) .......... : 6.8633 | |||
Fragment Correction(s): | Training set | ||
1 N-CO-C (aliphatic carbon) ............ : -1.0277 | ID | 1 | |
1 Nitrogen to Carbon (aliphatic) (-N-C).. : -0.2127 | ID | 5 | |
1 Aliphatic Alcohol (-C-OH) ........... : -1.3179 | ID | 1 | |
Corrected Log Koc .................................. : 4.3049 | |||
Estimated Koc: 2.018e+004 L/kg <=========== | |||
Koc Estimate from Log Kow: | |||
------------------------- | |||
Log Kow (Kowwin estimate) ......................... : 7.06 | |||
Non-Corrected Log Koc (0.55313 logKow + 0.9251) .... : 4.8302 | |||
Fragment Correction(s): | |||
1 N-CO-C (aliphatic carbon) ............ : -0.0038 | |||
1 Nitrogen to Carbon (aliphatic) (-N-C).. : -0.0218 | |||
1 Aliphatic Alcohol (-C-OH) ........... : -0.4114 | |||
Corrected Log Koc .................................. : 4.3932 | |||
Estimated Koc: 2.473e+004 L/kg <=========== | |||
SMILES : CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC | |||
CHEM : | |||
MOL FOR: C19 H38 O2 | Domain evaluation | MW (Training set) | |
MOL WT : 298.51 | ID | 665.02 | |
--------------------------- KOCWIN v2.00 Results --------------------------- | |||
Koc Estimate from MCI: | |||
--------------------- | |||
First Order Molecular Connectivity Index ........... : 10.308 | |||
Non-Corrected Log Koc (0.5213 MCI + 0.60) .......... : 5.9734 | |||
Fragment Correction(s): | Training set | ||
1 Ester (-C-CO-O-C-) or (HCO-O-C) ...... : -1.2970 | ID | 1 | |
Corrected Log Koc .................................. : 4.6764 | |||
Estimated Koc: 4.747e+004 L/kg <=========== | |||
Koc Estimate from Log Kow: | |||
------------------------- | |||
Log Kow (experimental DB) ......................... : 8.35 | |||
Non-Corrected Log Koc (0.55313 logKow + 0.9251) .... : 5.5437 | |||
Fragment Correction(s): | |||
1 Ester (-C-CO-O-C-) or (HCO-O-C) ...... : -0.0656 | |||
Corrected Log Koc .................................. : 5.4781 | |||
Estimated Koc: 3.007e+005 L/kg <=========== | |||
SMILES : CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC | |||
CHEM : | |||
MOL FOR: C17 H34 O2 | Domain evaluation | MW (Training set) | |
MOL WT : 270.46 | ID | 665.02 | |
--------------------------- KOCWIN v2.00 Results --------------------------- | |||
Koc Estimate from MCI: | |||
--------------------- | |||
First Order Molecular Connectivity Index ........... : 9.308 | |||
Non-Corrected Log Koc (0.5213 MCI + 0.60) .......... : 5.4521 | |||
Fragment Correction(s): | Training set | ||
1 Ester (-C-CO-O-C-) or (HCO-O-C) ...... : -1.2970 | ID | 1 | |
Corrected Log Koc .................................. : 4.1551 | |||
Estimated Koc: 1.429e+004 L/kg <=========== | |||
Koc Estimate from Log Kow: | |||
------------------------- | |||
Log Kow (experimental DB) ......................... : 7.38 | |||
Non-Corrected Log Koc (0.55313 logKow + 0.9251) .... : 5.0072 | |||
Fragment Correction(s): | |||
1 Ester (-C-CO-O-C-) or (HCO-O-C) ...... : -0.0656 | |||
Corrected Log Koc .................................. : 4.9416 | |||
Estimated Koc: 8.742e+004 L/kg <=========== |
Description of key information
The weighted average Koc and log Koc of the test substance, C16-18 AMP, was estimated to be 15782.64 L/kg or 4.2 respectively using the MCI (Molecular Connectivity Index) approach of the KOCWIN v2.00 program (EPISuite v4.11). This is further supported by the experimental Koc values of the read across substance, which ranged between >2.93 -<4.68 at 30°C.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Koc at 20 °C:
- 15 782.64
Additional information
Study 1:
The soil adsorption coefficient (Koc) of the test substance, C16-18 AMP, was estimated using the MCI (Molecular Connectivity Index) approach of the KOCWIN v2.00 program (EPI Suite v4.11). Since the test substance is a UVCB with similar constituents varying mainly in carbon chain length, Koc values were estimated for the individual constituents followed by the determination of an overall weighted-average value based on mole fractions. SMILES codes were used as the input parameter. The estimated Koc of the individual constituents ranged from 6076 to 47470 L/kg (i.e., equivalent to log Koc ranging from 3.78 to 4.68), leading to a weighted average Koc for the test substance of 15782.64 L/kg (log Koc: 4.2) (US EPA, 2018). This range of Koc indicates strong sorption potential to soil/sediment and negligible to slow migration to ground water (US EPA, 2012). The estimates for all the constituents can be considered to be reliable and accurate as they are all within the applicability domain.
Study 2:
A study was conducted to determine the adsorption coefficient (log Koc) on soil and on sewage sludge of the read across substance, Oleamide MIPA (purity: 100%), using HPLC, according to OECD Guideline 121, in compliance with GLP. In the study, measured HPLC retention data were obtained for 11 reference substances (i.e., acetanilide, atrazine, monuron, 2,5 dichloroaniline, linuron, naphathalene, benzoic acid phenylester, 1,2,3 trichlorobenzene, fenthion, phenanthrene and 4,4’ DDT). Based on these data, a calibration graph was established to correlate the measured HPLC retention data of the test substance with its adsorption coefficient for soil and sewage sludge. Under study conditions, the log Koc of the read across substance for soil and sewage sludge was determined to range from 2.93 to 4.68 at 30°C (Legay, 2013). Based on the results of the read across study, a similar Koc range can be considered for the test substance, C16 -18 AMP.
Given that the results of the QSAR model as well as the read across study are in the same range, the estimated weighted average Koc value of the test substance, C16-18 AMP, has been considered further for the hazard or risk assessment.
Given that the results of the QSAR model as well as the read across study are more or less in the same range, the estimated weighted avergae Koc value of the test substance, C16-18 AMP, has been considered further for the hazard or risk assessment.
[LogKoc: 4.2]
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