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EC number: 245-423-3 | CAS number: 23089-26-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1990-09-25 to 1990-10-22
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- - Inoculum: Activated sludge from a laboratory waste water treatment plant using municipal sewage
- Concentration of activated sludge: 30 mg/L dry matter - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Reference substance:
- aniline
- Preliminary study:
- Not specified
- Test performance:
- Not specified
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- >= 70 - <= 80
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- - Inhibition control: 74 % degradation after 28 days (no inhibition)
- Abiotic elimination control: 6 % degradation after 28 days
- Lag-phase: 14 days
- Degradation kinetic:
Time [d] Degradation [%]
14 10
15 17
24 69
28 76 - Results with reference substance:
- - Degradation of reference substance: 81 %
- Lag-phase: 5 days
- Degradation phase: 6 days - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The mean biodegradation of the test item after 28 days was 70-80% BOD/ThOD. The test item is regarded to be readily biodegradable in a ten day window and after 28 days.
- Executive summary:
To assess the ready biodegradability of the test item, a Manometric Respirometer Test according to OECD Guideline 301 F and ISO 9408 was carried out. Activated sludge from a laboratory waste water treatment plant (30 mg/L dry matter per test vessel) was exposed for 28 days to a limit test item concentration of 100 mg/L (7 replicates). In addition, a positive control (with 100 mg/L of the reference substance aniline, but without the test item), a toxicity control (with inoculum; 100 mg/L of the test item and the reference substance, respectively) and an abiotic control (with the test item, but without inoculum) was performed. After 28 days, 81% of the reference compound was degradet, confirming the suitability of the test system. In the toxicity control, a biodegradation of 74% was reached. Thus, there were no indications that the test item has toxic potential to aquatic microorganisms and, hence, inhibiting properties towards sewage treatment plants. In result, the mean biodegradation of the test item after 28 days was 70-80% BOD/ThOD. Moreover, the 10-day-criterion of the test guidelines was fulfilled. Therefore, the test item is regarded to be readily biodegradable in a ten day window and after 28 days.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1990-05-17 to 1990-06-14
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 C (Ready Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (I))
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EEC Directive 79-831, Annex V, Part C: Methods for the Determination of Ecotoxicity, Degradation - Biotic Degradation, Manometric Respirometry
- Deviations:
- no
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Since biodegradation of the test item had a long lag phase under the conditions chosen, the test duration was extended to 29 days.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source: Municipal sewage treatment plant
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 29 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- - Respirometer used: Sapromat with 5 test vessels in parallel, test volume: 250 mL
- Controls:
Sterile control (without inoculum, with test item)
Process control (with inoculum and the reference substance aniline)
Inhibition control (with inoculum, test substance and reference substance) - Reference substance:
- aniline
- Preliminary study:
- Not performed
- Test performance:
- Due to a lag phase of biodegradation of the test item (10-23 days), the test duration was extended to 29 days.
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Remarks:
- BOD*100/ThOD
- Value:
- 73
- Sampling time:
- 29 d
- Results with reference substance:
- Based on DOC-Elimination: 99%
Based on BOD*100/ThOD: 81%
(lag phase: 5 days; degradation phase: 6 days) - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Remarks:
- but moderately biodegradable after a lag-phase of 10-23 days and an extended test duration of 29 days.
- Conclusions:
- The test substance was not readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria, but moderately biodegradable after a lag-phase of 10-23 days and an extended test duration of 29 days.
- Executive summary:
The biodegradability of the test item was evaluated by a Manometric Respirometry Test according to EEC Directive 79-831 Annex V Part C. In a static test system, non-adapted activated sludge of an municpial sewage treatment plant was exposed to 100 mg/L of the test substance. The ThOD of the test substance was determined to be 3027 mg/g. Additionally, a postive control with the reference substance aniline, a sterile control (with the test item, but without inoculum) and an inhibition control (with inoculum, test item and reference substance) was performed. As the biodegradation of the test item had a long lag phase of 10-23 days, the test duration was extended from 28 to 29 days. In result, mean biodegradation of the test item was 73 % (based on BOD*100/ThOD) after 29 days. The reference compound was biodegraded up to 99% (based on DOC elimination; lag phase: 5 days; degradation phase: 6 days) within the test duration, confirming the suitability of the test system. There were no indications of inhibitory effects of the test item to aquatic microorganisms. In conclusion, the test substance was not readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria, but moderately biodegradable after a lag-phase of 10-23 days and an extended test duration of 29 days.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1992-01-21 to 1992-03-03
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- extended exposure period
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 1991 (draft version)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO DIS 9408 (Ultimate Aerobic Biodegradability - Method by Determining the Oxygen Demand in a Closed Respirometer)
- Version / remarks:
- ISO 9408:1991 (E)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Concentration of inoculum: 30 mg/L dry matter
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 42 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- pH during test: 7.2 to 8.0
- pH at the end of the test:
Blank controls: 7.4 - 7.6
Positive control: 8.0
Toxicity control: 8.0
Phs.chem control: 7.0
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: 2 assays
- Abiotic sterile control: not performed
- Toxicity control: 1 assay (reference substance aniline: 100 mg/L; test substance: 100.4 mg/L)
- Positive control: 1 assay (reference substance aniline: 100 mg/L)
- Phys.chem. control: with 100.8 HgCL2
- Reference substance:
- aniline
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- >= 60 - <= 70
- Sampling time:
- 42 d
- Details on results:
- - Degradation of inhibition control: 81 %
- Degradation kinetic:
Time [d] Degradation [%]
16 0 - 10
17 10 - 20
28 50 - 60
42 60 - 70 - Results with reference substance:
- - Degradation of reference substance: 78 %
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- The test substance was not readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria, but moderately biodegradable up to 62% of the ThOD and 63% of the COD, respectively, after an extended test duration of 42 days.
- Executive summary:
To assess the ready biodegradability of the test substance, a static Manometric Respirometry Test according to OECD Guideline 301 F and ISO 9408:1991 (E) was carried out in compliance with GLP principles. Non-adapted, domestic activated sludge of a laboratory scale sewage treatment plant was exposed for 42 days to the nominal test item concentration of 100 mg/L. In parallel, a blank control, a positive control and a toxicity control was performed. In result, the test substance was not readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria, but moderately biodegradable, since 62% of the ThOD and 63% of the COD, respectively, was reached after an extended test duration of 42 days. In the toxicity control, biodegradation reached 81%. In the positive control, biodegradation was 78% of the ThOD and 82% of the COD after 25 days. Thus, the test substance is not considered to be toxic to aquatic microorganisms.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1: Biodegradation of the test item in vessel no. 3.
time (d) | BOD/ThOD (%) |
0 | 0 |
1 | 0 |
2 | 0 |
3 | 0 |
4 | 0 |
5 | 0 |
6 | 0 |
7 | 0 |
8 | 0 |
9 | 0 |
10 | 0 |
11 | 1 |
12 | 2 |
13 | 3 |
14 | 5 |
15 | 17 |
16 | 30 |
17 | 37 |
18 | 40 |
19 | 46 |
20 | 54 |
21 | 60 |
22 | 63 |
23 | 65 |
24 | 69 |
25 | 72 |
26 | 73 |
27 | 75 |
28 | 76 |
Description of key information
The test substance is considered to be readily biodegradable (according to OECD criteria).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
Key study
To assess the ready biodegradability of the test item, a Manometric Respirometer Test according to OECD Guideline 301 F and ISO 9408 was carried out. Activated sludge from a laboratory waste water treatment plant (30 mg/L dry matter per test vessel) was exposed for 28 days to a limit test item concentration of 100 mg/L (7 replicates). In addition, a positive control (with 100 mg/L of the reference substance aniline, but without the test item), a toxicity control (with inoculum, 100 mg/L of the test item and the reference substance, respectively) and an abiotic control (with test item, but without inoculum) was performed. After 28 days, 81% of the reference compound was degradet, confirming the suitability of the test system. In the toxicity control, a biodegradation of 74% was reached. Thus, there were no indications that the test item has toxic potential to aquatic microorganisms and, hence, inhibiting properties towards sewage treatment plants. In result, the mean biodegradation of the test item after 28 days was 70-80% BOD/ThOD. Moreover, the 10-day-criterion of the test guidelines was fulfilled. Therefore, the test item is regarded to be readily biodegradable in a ten day window and after 28 days (reference 5.2.1 -1).
Supporting studies
To evaluate the ready biodegradability of the test substance, a static Manometric Respirometry Test according to OECD Guidleine 301 F and ISO 9408:1991 (E) was carried out in compliance with GLP principles. Non-adapted, domestic activated sludge of a laboratory scale sewage treatment plant was exposed for 42 days to the nominal test item concentration of 100 mg/L. In parallel, a blank control, a positive control and a toxicity control was performed. In result, the test substance was not readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria, but moderately biodegradable since 62% of the ThOD and 63% of the COD, respectively, was reached after an extended test duration of 42 days. In the toxicity control, biodegradation reached 81%. In the positive control, biodegradation was 78% of the ThOD and 82% of the COD after 25 days. Thus, the test substance is not considered to be toxic to aquatic microorganisms (reference 5.2.1 -2).
In another experimental study, the biodegradability of the test item was evaluated by a Manometric Respirometry Test according to EEC Directive 79-831 Annex V Part C. In a static test system, non-adapted activated sludge of an municpial sewage treatment plant was exposed to 100 mg/L of the test substance (limit concentration). The ThOD of the test substance was determined to be 3027 mg/g. Additionally, a postive control with the reference substance aniline, a sterile control (without inoculum and the test item) and an inhibition control (with inoculum, test item and reference substance) was performed. As the biodegradation of the test item had a long lag phase of 10-23 days, the test duration was extended from 28 to 29 days. In result, mean biodegradation of the test item was 73 % (based on BOD*100/ThOD) after 29 days.The reference compound was biodegraded up to 99% (based on DOC elimination; lag phase: 5 days; degradation phase: 6 days) within the test duration, confirming the suitability of the test system. There were no indications of inhibitory effects of the test item to aquatic microorganisms. In conclusion, the test substance was not readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria as the 10-day-window criterion was not met, but moderately biodegradable after a lag-phase of 10-23 days and an extended test duration of 29 days (reference 5.2.1 -3).
Conclusion
Based on the most current and reliable information (reference 5.2.1 -1), the test substance is considered to be readily biodegradable (according to OECD criteria). This result is supported by two older and non-standard Manometric Respirometry Tests (reference 5.2.1-2, reference 5.2.1-3), confirming the biodegradability of the test substance (not readily, but inherently biodegradable). Furthermore, the test item is not considered to be inhibitory to sewage treatment plants, as demonstrated by the inhibition control of three Manometric Respirometry Tests (reference 5.2.1-1, reference 5.2.1-2, reference 5.2.1-3).
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