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EC number: 208-293-9 | CAS number: 520-45-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Skin irritation, in vivo study in the rabbit (equivalent to OECD 404), dose 0.5 g applied to skin (occluded). Very slight edema, reversible within 24 hours.
Eye irritation/corrosion, OECD Guideline 438 (Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method), dose 0.03 g applied to eye. No adverse reaction.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- (occlusive type of coverage, only 48 h observation period)
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Version / remarks:
- 28 Jul 2015
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- occlusive type of coverage, only 48 h observation period
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: albino
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- clipped
- Remarks:
- abraded skin was additionally tested, but not used for evaluation
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- not required
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.5 g
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 h
- Observation period:
- 48 h
Reading time points: 4, 24 and 48 h - Number of animals:
- 6
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE
- Type of wrap if used: The patches (1.5 inch x 1.5 inch 12 ply gauze squares) were secured to the area by thin bands of adhesive tape. The entire trunks of the animals were then wrapped in clear plastic trunk bands.
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing: Test sides were washed with appropraite solvent
- Time after start of exposure: 4 h
OBSERVATION TIME POINTS
4, 24 and 48 h
SCORING SYSTEM:
- Method of calculation: Draize scoring system - Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of 6 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Remarks:
- of 6 animals
- Time point:
- 24/48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- other: not applicable
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Very slight edema could be observed after the exposure period at 4 h on abraded skin in all animals. These effects were fully reversible within 24 h.
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this skin irritation study the test substance was not irritating.
- Executive summary:
In a test for skin irritation, rabbits were exposed to dehydroacetic acid for fours (test site occluded), following detailed examinations, post-exposure, the test substance was demonstrated to be not irritating.
- Endpoint:
- skin corrosion: in vitro / ex vivo
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- an in vitro skin irritation study does not need to be conducted because adequate data from an in vivo skin irritation study are available
Referenceopen allclose all
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 27 Jul 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 438 (Isolated Chicken Eye Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
- Version / remarks:
- 26 Jul 2013
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU method B.48 (Isolated chicken eye test method for identifying occular corrosives and severe irritants)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
- Species:
- chicken
- Strain:
- other: ROSS 308
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- SOURCE OF COLLECTED EYES
- Source: Taravis KFT., Sárvár, Hungary
- Storage, temperature and transport conditions of ocular tissue: Transport of the chicken heads approximately within 2 h from collection under ambient temperature (19.3 - 20.4 °C). After collection, the heads were inspected for appropriate quality, wrapped with paper moistened with saline and placed in closable box
- Time interval prior to initiating testing: 45 - 60 min - Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent positive control
- yes, concurrent negative control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 0.03 g - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 10 s
- Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):
- 30, 75, 120, 180 and 240 min
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- Number of eyes for the negative control: 1
Number of eyes for the positive control: 3
Number of eyes for the test substance: 3 - Details on study design:
- SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF ISOLATED EYES
Selection:The surface of the cornea was treated with fluorescein solution (2% (w/v)) for a few seconds and examined with slit lamp microscope to ensure that the cornea was not damaged.
EQUILIBRATION AND BASELINE RECORDINGS
At the end of the acclimatization period, a zero reference measurement was recorded for cornea thickness and opacity to serve as a baseline for each individual eye. The cornea thickness of the eyes should not change by more than ± 5 - 7% within approximately 45 - 60 min before the start of application. Changes in thickness were not observed in the eyes. Following the equilibration period, the fluorescein retention was measured. If any eye was considered to be unsuitable following baseline assessment, it was discarded.
NEGATIVE CONTROL USED
Saline solution (9 g/L)
POSITIVE CONTROL USED
Imidazole (0.03 g)
APPLICATION DOSE AND EXPOSURE TIME
0.03 g for test item and positive control, 30 uL for negative control; exposure period: 10 s
OBSERVATION PERIOD
30, 75, 120, 180 and 240 min
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Volume and washing procedure after exposure period: The cornea was rinsed thoroughly with 20 mL saline solution at ambient temperature
METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS:
- Corneal opacity: Corneal opacity is evaluated by using the area of the cornea that is most densely opacified for scoring. The mean corneal opacity value for all test eyes is calculated for all observation time points. Based on the highest mean score for corneal opacity, as observed at any time point, an overall category score is then given for the test substance.
- Damage to epithelium based on fluorescein retention: Fluorescein retention is evaluated at the 30 minute observation time point. The mean fluorescein retention value of all test eyes is then calculated for the 30-minute observation time point, and used for the overall category score given for the test substance.
- Swelling: measured with optical pachymeter on a slit-lamp microscope
- Macroscopic morphological damage to the surface: subjective according to the interpretation of the study director
SCORING SYSTEM AND DECISION CRITERIA:
- Mean corneal swelling (%)
Cornea swelling: For the calculation of Maximum Swelling, small negative numbers for swelling (0 to -5%) following application are counted as zero. Large negative numbers (> -12%) are probably due to erosion and indicate a severe effect (scored as class IV). Cases of values of -5% to -12% are evaluated on a case by case basis but in the absence of other findings do not indicate a severe effect.
CS at time t : [(CT at time t - CT at t=0)/CT at t=0] x 100
Mean CS at time t = [FECS (at time t) + SECS (at time t) + TECS (at time t)] / 3
CS : Cornea swelling
CT : Cornea thickness
FECS : First eye cornea swelling
SECS : Second eye cornea swelling
TECS : Third eye cornea swelling
Mean CS : The mean percentage of corneal swelling
At time t : Observation time at 30, 75, 120, 180 or 240 min after the post-treatment rinse
At t=0 : Reference value
- Mean maximum opacity score
Score 0: No opacity
Score 0.5: Very faint opacity
Score 1: Scattered or diffuse areas; details of the iris are clearly visible
Score 2: Easily discernible translucent area; details of the iris are slightly obscured
Score 3: Severe corneal opacity; no specific details of the iris are visible; size of the pupil is barely discernible
Score 4: Complete corneal opacity; iris invisible
ΔCO at time t : CO at time t – CO at t=0
Mean CO (at time t) : [FEΔCO (at time t) + SEΔCO (at time t) + TEΔCO(at time t)]/3
CO : Cornea opacity
ΔCO : Difference between cornea opacity and cornea opacity reference value
FEΔCO : Difference between first eye cornea opacity and first eye cornea opacity reference value
SEΔCO : Difference between second eye cornea opacity and second eye cornea opacity reference value
TEΔCO : Difference between third eye cornea opacity and third eye cornea opacity reference value
Mean CO : The mean corneal opacity value
At time t : Observation time at 30, 75, 120, 180 or 240 min after the post-treatment rinse
At t=0 : Reference value
- Mean fluorescein retention score at 30 minutes post-treatment
Scores for fluorescein retention:
Score 0: No fluorescein retention
Score 0.5: Very minor single cell staining
Score 1: Single cell staining scattered throughout the treated area of the cornea
Score 2: Focal or confluent dense single cell staining
Score 3: Confluent large areas of the cornea retaining fluorescein
ΔFR at time t : FR at time t – FR at t=0
Mean FR (at time t) : [FEΔFR (at time t) + SEΔFR (at time t) + TEΔFR(at time t)]/3
FR : Fluorescein retention
ΔFR : Difference between fuorescein retention and fuorescein retention reference value
FEΔFR : Difference between first eye fuorescein retention and first eye fuorescein retention reference value
SEΔFR : Difference between second eye fuorescein retention and second eye fuorescein retention reference value
TEΔFR : Difference between third eye fuorescein retention and third eye fuorescein retention reference value
Mean FR : The mean fuorescein retention value
At time t : Observation time at 30 min after the post-treatment rinse
At t=0 : Reference value - Irritation parameter:
- percent corneal swelling
- Run / experiment:
- 75 min
- Value:
- 4
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- 2%
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- 24%
- Irritation parameter:
- percent corneal swelling
- Run / experiment:
- 240 min
- Value:
- 6
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- 2%
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- 29%
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Run / experiment:
- mean maximum of 3 eyes
- Value:
- 0.5
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- 0.0
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- 4.0
- Irritation parameter:
- fluorescein retention score
- Run / experiment:
- mean of 3 eyes
- Value:
- 0.5
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- 0.0
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks:
- 3.0
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: yes
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: yes - Interpretation of results:
- other: CLP/EU GHS criteria not met, no classification required according to Regulation(EC) No. 1272/2008
- Conclusions:
- Positive and negative controls gave the expected results. Dehydroacetic acid did not cause ocular corrosion or irritation.
- Executive summary:
In an isolated chicken eye test dehydroacetic acid and a positive control (imidazole) and negative control were tested. Positive and negative controls gave the expected results. Dehydroacetic acid did not cause ocular corrosion or irritation.
Reference
Table 1 Results of ICE Assay
Dehydroacetic acid (0.03 g/eye) | ||||||||||||||||
Relative Observation time (min) | Corneal thickness (instrument units) | Corneal opacity score | Fluorescein retention score | |||||||||||||
-45-60 | 0 | Δ | 30 | 75 | 120 | 180 | 240 | 0 | 30 | 75 | 120 | 180 | 240 | 0 | 30 | |
5 | 60 | 60 | 0% | 63 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 |
6 | 61 | 61 | 0% | 61 | 62 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 |
7 | 60 | 60 | 0% | 62 | 63 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0 | 0.5 |
Mean Swelling | 3% | 4% | 6% | 6% | 6% | MOS | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | MFRS | 0.5 | |||
Imidazole (0.03 g/eye) | ||||||||||||||||
Relative Observation time (min) | Corneal thickness (instrument units) | Corneal opacity score | Fluorescein retention score | |||||||||||||
-45-60 | 0 | Δ | 30 | 75 | 120 | 180 | 240 | 0 | 30 | 75 | 120 | 180 | 240 | 0 | 30 | |
2 | 62 | 62 | 0% | 70 | 74 | 74 | 75 | 77 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 3 |
3 | 60 | 60 | 0% | 72 | 75 | 75 | 77 | 79 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 3 |
4 | 60 | 60 | 0% | 73 | 76 | 78 | 79 | 79 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 3 |
Mean Swelling | 18% | 24% | 25% | 27% | 29% | MOS | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | MFRS | 3.0 | |||
NaCl (9g/L saline solution: 30 uL/eye) | ||||||||||||||||
Relative Observation time (min) | Corneal thickness (instrument units) | Corneal opacity score | Fluorescein retention score | |||||||||||||
-45-60 | 0 | Δ | 30 | 75 | 120 | 180 | 240 | 0 | 30 | 75 | 120 | 180 | 240 | 0 | 30 | |
2 | 60 | 60 | 0% | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 |
Swelling | 2% | 2% | 2% | 2% | 2% | MOS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | FRS | 0.0 |
Δ = cornea thickness change between the start of the acclimatization period (t = -60 to -45 min) and the baseline (t = 0)
MOS = Mean opacity score
OS = Opacity score
MFRS = Mean fluorescein retention score
FRS = Fluorescein retention score
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
GHS criteria not met
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