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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 25/10/2016 - 23/11/2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- minor deviation from the guideline: ammonium chloride was omitted from the medium to prevent oxygen consumption due to nitrification (omission does not result in nitrogen limitation as shown by biodegradation of the reference compound)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 D (Ready Biodegradability: Closed Bottle Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- ammonium chloride was omitted from the medium to prevent oxygen consumption due to nitrification (omission does not result in nitrogen limitation as shown by the biodegradation of the reference compound).
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- See annex
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- Nieuwgraaf in Duiven, The Netherlands. This plant is an activated sludge plant treating predominantly domestic wastewater. The activated sludge was preconditioned to reduce the
endogenous respiration rates. To this end, 0.40 g Dry Weight (DW)/L of activated sludge was aerated for one week. The sludge was diluted in the bottles to 2.0 mg/L (van Ginkel and
Stroo, 1992). The inoculum was not pre-exposed to the test substance. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 2 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- Test bottles
The test was performed in 0.30 L BOD (biological oxygen demand) bottles with glass stoppers.
Nutrients, stocks and administration
The nutrient medium of the Closed Bottle test contained per liter of deionized water; 8.5 mg KH2PO4, 21.75 mg K2HPO4, 33.3 mg Na2HPO4·2H2O, 22.5 mg
MgSO4·7H2O, 27.5 mg CaCl2, 0.25 mg FeCl3·6H2O. Ammonium chloride was omitted from the medium to prevent nitrification. Sodium acetate was added to
the bottles using a stock solution of 1.0 g/L. The test substance was administered to the bottles using a stock solution of 1.0 g/L. C12-C14 alkylmorpholine did not
dissolve at 1.0 g/L in deionized water. The test substance did dissolve in acidified deionized water with a pH of 5.5. Acidifcation was accomplished with 2 M H2SO4.
Test procedures
The Closed Bottle test was performed according to the study plan. The study plan was developed from OECD TG 301D (1992) and an ISO TG (1994). Use was made
of 10 bottles containing only inoculum, 10 bottles containing inoculum and test substance, 6 bottles containing sodium acetate and inoculum, and 6 bottles containing
test substance, sodium acetate and inoculum. The concentrations of the test substance and sodium acetate in the bottles were 2.0 and 6.7 mg/L,
respectively. Each of the prepared solutions was dispensed into the respective group of BOD bottles so that all bottles were completely filled without air bubbles.
The zero time bottles were immediately analyzed for dissolved oxygen using an oxygen electrode. The remaining bottles were closed and incubated in the dark.
Two duplicate bottles of all series were withdrawn for analyses of the dissolved oxygen concentration at day 7, 14, 21, and 28.
Calculation of endogenous respiration
The endogenous respiration (oxygen depletion in the control) was calculated as follows;
Oxygen depletion (endogenous respiration) (mg/L) = Mc (day 0) - Mc (day 28)
Mc is the mean oxygen level in the control bottles.
Calculation of the theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD)
The ThODs of N-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]acetamide (containing glycerol), and sodium
acetate were calculated from their molecular formulae and molecular weights 1
Calculation of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
Provided that the oxygen concentrations in all bottles at the start of the test were equal, the amounts of oxygen consumed in test and reference compound bottles were calculated as
follows:
Oxygen consumptionn (mg/L) by test substance = Mc - Mt
Oxygen consumptionn (mg/L) by reference compound = Mc - Ma
Mc is the mean oxygen level in the control bottles, n-days after the start of the test.
Mt or a is the mean oxygen concentration in the bottles containing the test substance (t) or the
reference compound, sodium acetate (a), n-days after the start of the test.
The biological oxygen demand (BOD) mg/mg of the test substance and sodium acetate was calculated by dividing the oxygen consumption by the concentration of the test substance and
sodium acetate in the closed bottle, respectively.
Calculation of the biodegradation percentages
The biodegradation was calculated as the ratio of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to the theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD). - Reference substance:
- acetic acid, sodium salt
- Remarks:
- Supplier: Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, US; Purity >99% ; Batch/lot number BCBP8197V
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 89
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: readily biodegradable
- Details on results:
- The calculated theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) of the substance
is 1.4 mg/mg. The ThOD of sodium acetate is 0.8 mg/mg
Toxicity
Depletion of oxygen in the bottles with the test substance and sodium acetate was slightly higher than in the bottles with only the reference substance (Table I). The additional oxygen
consumption detected in the bottles with test substance and acetate compared to the bottles with only acetate agrees with the oxygen consumption due to the degradation of the
test substance. Inhibition of microorganisms capable of degrading sodium acetate by the test item present at a concentration of 2.0
mg/L did therefore not occur. Moreover, inhibition of the endogenous respiration of the inoculum by the test substance was detected at day 7 of the test (Table I). Inhibition of the
onset of biodegradation due to the "high" initial test substance concentration of the test item can therefore be excluded.
Biodegradability
The test item was biodegraded by 89% at day 28 in the Closed Bottle test (Table II, Figure). the test item is an UVCB consisting of different constituents. Biodegradation of the constituents requires the concerted action of different microorganisms as a single organism
usually lacks the full complement of enzymatic capabilities. The biodegradation of eachconstituent may be fully in line with the time window criterion when judged as separate
chemicals. The time window should therefore not be applied to substances consisting of structurally similar constituents (OECD, 2006). Hence the test item should be classified as readily biodegradable - Results with reference substance:
- The biodegradation percentage of the reference compound, sodium acetate, at day 14 was 80.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- endogenous respiration of 1.0 mg/L at day 28. Differences of the replicate values at day 28 were less than 20%. The biodegradation percentage of reference compound at day 14 was 80. Oxygen concentrations >0.5 mg/L in all bottles during the test period.
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Remarks:
- The test substance is an UVCB and therefore the time window should not be applied be
- Conclusions:
- The test item should be classified as readily biodegradable.
The test item is an UVCB consisting of different constituents. Biodegradation of the constituents requires the concerted action of different microorganisms as a single organism usually lacks the full complement of enzymatic capabilities. The biodegradation of each constituent may be fully in line with the time window criterion when judged as separate chemicals. The time window should therefore not be applied to substances consisting of structurally similar constituents (OECD, 2006). - Executive summary:
In order to assess the biotic degradation, a ready biodegradability test was performed which allows the biodegradability to be measured in an aerobic aqueous medium. The ready
biodegradability was determined in the Closed Bottle test performed according to slightly modified OECD, EU and ISO Test Guidelines, and in compliance with the OECD principles of
Good Laboratory Practice.
The test item at a concentration of 2.0 mg/L did not inhibit microorganisms growing on acetate. Moreover, the test substance did also not
cause a reduction in the endogenous respiration of the microorganisms at day 7. The test substance is therefore considered to be non-inhibitory to the inoculum. The test item biodegraded by 89% at day 28 in the OECD 301 Closed Bottle test. The test item should therefore be classified as readily biodegradable. The test is valid as shown by an endogenous respiration of 1.0 mg/L and by the total mineralization of the reference compound, sodium acetate. Sodium acetate was degraded by 80% of its theoretical oxygen demand after 14 days. Finally, the most important criterion was met by oxygen concentrations >0.5 mg/L in all bottles during the test period.
Reference
Oxygen consumption (mg/L) and the percentage biodegradation of the test substance (BOD/ThOD) and sodium acetate (BOD/ThOD) in the Closed Bottle test
Time (days) | Oxygen consumption | BIodegradation (%) | ||
Test substance | Acetate | Test substance | Acetate | |
0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0 |
7 | 0.5 | 4.1 | 18 | 76 |
14 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 32 | 80 |
21 | 1.9 | 68 | ||
28 | 2.5 | 89 |
Description of key information
The test item biodegraded by 89% at day 28 in the OECD 301 Closed Bottle test. The test item should therefore be classified as readily biodegradable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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