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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 944-003-3 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics, other
- Type of information:
- other: Expert judgement
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Chemical degredation of the substance at low pH is well documented and understood.
- Objective of study:
- absorption
- distribution
- excretion
- metabolism
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Expert judgement
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Details on absorption:
- The substance is expected to be rapidly absorbed from all routes of exposure, with much of this absorption attributable to the substance’s rapid degradation to carbon disulphide at physiologically-relevant pH levels. However, given the corrosive nature of the product and it’s handling only under “Strictly Controlled Conditions”, exposures are negligible.
- Details on distribution in tissues:
- As a consequence of exposure and physiological pH, the substance will be rapidly converted to carbon disulphide and absorbed. Carbon disulphide is lipophilic and thus expected to partition into fatty tissues, namely the brain, kidney, and liver initially. In addition, following inhalation exposures, radiolabeled carbon disulphide was found to be present in the fatty tissues within minutes to a few hours after exposure. In other non-fatty tissues, carbon disulphide concentrations approached steady state within 4-5 hrs of exposure and rapid distribution of carbon disulphide to embryonic and fetal tissues were noted after exposure to pregnant mice.
- Details on excretion:
- The kidneys are the primary route of excretion of carbon disulfide metabolites. Conjugation of carbon disulfide or carbonyl sulfide with endogenous glutathione results in formation of thiozolidine-2-thione-4-carboxylic acid and 2-oxythiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, respectively, which are excreted in the urine. The unmetabolized carbon disulfide is excreted unchanged in the breath, and small amounts (<1%) have been detected in the urine. In a study conducted on humans, it was demonstrated that carbon disulfide levels in the exhaled breath decreased rapidly on cessation of exposure. The excretion by the lung accounted for 10-30% of the absorbed carbon disulfide. Less than 1% was excreted unchanged in the urine. The remaining 70-90% of the dose was metabolized. After dermal exposure in rabbits, only 3% of carbon disulfide was expired via the lungs.
- Metabolites identified:
- yes
- Details on metabolites:
- The biotransformation and metabolism pathway of carbon disulfide in humans is not completely known, however major parts have been deduced through studies in humans as well as in laboratory animals. Carbon disulfide is either metabolized by cytochrome P-450 to an unstable oxygen intermediate (which proceeds to form smaller carbon-sulfur species) or is conjugated by glutathione (in advance of excretion), or is reacted with amino acids (to form dithiocarbamates prior to excretion). Regardless of pathway, metabolism appears to be rapid, occurring within minutes to a few hours after exposure. Metabolites include: sulfur, carbonyl sulphide, monothiocarbonate, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, thiozolidine-2-thione¬ 4-carboxylic acid, and 2-oxythiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid.
- Conclusions:
- Based on available information, the substance is expected to be readily absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and rapidly excreted and, thus, is expected to have a low potential for bioaccumulation.
- Executive summary:
The substance is the reaction products of sodium sulphide, sulphur, carbon disulphide and potassium hydroxide and is produced and placed on the market as 92% water and 8% inorganics. The inorganics are dominated by tetrathiocarbonate and trithiocarbonate anions, which are the focus of this review. These substances are well known to rapidly degrade to carbon disulphide at pH <11. As such, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the substance is expected to follow that of carbon disulphide and its metabolites. Based on available information, the substance is expected to be readily absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and rapidly excreted and, thus, is expected to have a low potential for bioaccumulation.
Reference
Description of key information
The substance is the reaction products of sodium sulphide, sulphur, carbon disulphide and potassium hydroxide and is produced and placed on the market as 92% water and 8% inorganics. The inorganics are dominated by tetrathiocarbonate and trithiocarbonate anions, which are the focus of this review. These substances are well known to rapidly degrade to carbon disulphide at pH <11. As such, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion ofthe substance is expected to follow that ofcarbon disulphide and its metabolites. Based on available information, the substance is expected to be readily absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and rapidly excreted and, thus, is expected to have a low potential for bioaccumulation.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Bioaccumulation potential:
- no bioaccumulation potential
- Absorption rate - oral (%):
- 100
- Absorption rate - dermal (%):
- 100
- Absorption rate - inhalation (%):
- 100
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.