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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 207-924-5 | CAS number: 501-52-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in mammalian cells
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from peer reviewed publication
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- A Compilation of Two Decades of Mutagenicity Test Results with the Ames Salmonella typhimurium and L5178Y Mouse Lymphoma Cell Mutation Assays
- Author:
- H. E. Seifried, R. M. Seifried, J. J. Clarke, T. B. Junghans and R. H. C. San
- Year:
- 2 006
- Bibliographic source:
- Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2006, 19, 627-644
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The gene mutation study was conducted according to L5178Y TK+/- Mouse Lymphoma Mutagenicity Assay to determine the mutagenic nature of 3-Phenylpropionic acid
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- other: Mouse lymphoma assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 3-phenylpropionic acid
- EC Number:
- 207-924-5
- EC Name:
- 3-phenylpropionic acid
- Cas Number:
- 501-52-0
- Molecular formula:
- C9H10O2
- IUPAC Name:
- 3-phenylpropanoic acid
- Details on test material:
- SMILES:OC(=O)CCc1ccccc1
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material: 3-Phenylpropionic acid
- IUPAC name: 3-phenylpropanoic acid
- Molecular formula: C9H10O2
- Molecular weight: 150.176 g/mol
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: No data available.
- Purity: No data available
- Impurities (identity and concentrations): No data available
Method
- Target gene:
- Thymidine kinase
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
- Remarks:
- TK+/- 3.7.C
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- - Type and identity of media:
The cells were grown in Fischer’s medium for leukemic cells of mice supplemented with 10% horse serum and 0.02% pluronic F-68.
- Properly maintained: No data available
- Periodically checked for Mycoplasma contamination: Yes
- Periodically checked for karyotype stability: No data available
- Periodically "cleansed" against high spontaneous background: No data available - Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Cytokinesis block (if used):
- No data
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- liver S9 prepared from Aroclor 1254-induced male Sprague- Dawley rats.
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 500 - 8091 µg/mL
- Vehicle / solvent:
- No data available
Controls
- Untreated negative controls:
- not specified
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Positive control substance:
- methylmethanesulfonate
- other: ethyl methylsulfonate, 3-methylcholanthrene and dimethylbenz[a]- anthracene
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- METHOD OF APPLICATION: in medium
DURATION
- Preincubation period: No data available
- Exposure duration: 4 h
- Expression time (cells in growth medium):48 h
- Selection time (if incubation with a selection agent): No data available
- Fixation time (start of exposure up to fixation or harvest of cells): No data available
SELECTION AGENT (mutation assays): 1×106 cells/plate for mutant selection
SPINDLE INHIBITOR (cytogenetic assays): No data available
STAIN (for cytogenetic assays): No data available
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Duplicate
NUMBER OF CELLS EVALUATED: 1X 106 cells/plate for mutant selection and 200
cells/plate for viable count determinations
DETERMINATION OF CYTOTOXICITY
- Method: mitotic index; cloning efficiency; relative total growth; other: No data available
OTHER EXAMINATIONS:
- Determination of polyploidy: No data available
- Determination of endoreplication: No data available
- Other: No data available
OTHER: No data available - Rationale for test conditions:
- No data
- Evaluation criteria:
- Results were interpreted using a doubling of the mutant frequency over the concurrent solvent-treated control value as an indication of a positive effect, together with evidence of a dose-related increase. Doubling of the mutant frequency was previously reported as representing a positive effect. Only doses yielding total growth values of 10% were used in the analysis of induced mutant frequency. Doses yielding less than 10% total growth were used in determining dose response.
- Statistics:
- No data
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells
- Remarks:
- TK+/- 3.7.C
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- TEST-SPECIFIC CONFOUNDING FACTORS
- Effects of pH: No data available
- Effects of osmolality: No data available
- Evaporation from medium: No data available
- Water solubility: No data available
- Precipitation: No data available
- Other confounding effects: No data available
RANGE-FINDING/SCREENING STUDIES: No data available
COMPARISON WITH HISTORICAL CONTROL DATA: No data available
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON CYTOTOXICITY: The doses of chemical selected for testing were within the range yielding approximately 0-90% cytotoxicity.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- 3-Phenylpropionic acid failed to induce a doubling of the mutant frequency both in the presence and absence of S9 activation system and hence is not likely to be gene mutant in vitro.
- Executive summary:
The gene mutation study was conducted according toL5178Y TK+/-Mouse Lymphoma Mutagenicity Assay to determine the mutagenic nature of the test compound 3-Phenylpropionic acid.
The Cells at a concentration of 1.2 X 107cells/mL were exposed for 4 h to a range of concentrations from 500 -8091 µg/mL. The cells were then washed, resuspended in growth medium, and incubated at 37°C for 48h to allow recovery and mutant expression. Cells in the cultures were adjusted to 3 X 105/mL at 24 h intervals. They were then cloned (1 X 106cells/plate for mutant selection and 200 cells/plate for viable count determinations) in soft agar medium containing Fischer’s medium, 20% horse serum, 2 mM sodium pyruvate, 0.02% pluronic F-68, and 0.23% granulated agar. Resistance to trifluorothymidine (TFT) was determined by adding TFT (final concentration, 3µg/mL) to the cloning medium for mutant selection. The 100X stock solution of TFT in saline was stored at -70 °C and was thawed immediately before use. Plates were incubated at 37 ( 1 °C in 5% CO2 in air for 10-12 days and then counted with an Artek automated colony Counter. Only colonies larger than ~ 0.2 mm in diameter were counted. Mutant frequencies were expressed as mutants per 106surviving cells.
3-Phenylpropionic acid failed to induce a doubling of the mutant frequency both in the presence and absence of S9 activation system and hence is not likely to be gene mutant in vitro.
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