Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 261-629-6 | CAS number: 59151-19-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: inherent biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 05 June to 10 October 2014
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 302 C (Inherent Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (II))
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Name of test material (as stated in the report): Calyxol
- Batch No. NX00006086
- Aspect: colourless to pale yellow liquid
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: September 30, 2014 - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- Fresh activated sludge from a biological waste water treatment plant treating predominantly domestic sewage (Bois-de-Bay, Satigny, Switzerland) was used.
The sludge is collected in the morning, washed three times in the mineral medium (by centrifuging at 1000 g for 10 minutes, discarding the supernatant and resuspending in mineral medium) and kept aerobic until being used on the same day. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 70 d
- Initial conc.:
- 30 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Reference substance:
- other: sodium benzoate
- Remarks:
- 99% purity
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 18
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 23
- Sampling time:
- 21 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 36
- Sampling time:
- 70 d
- Details on results:
- Oxygen uptakes, as read on the Oxitop meters, are corrected to account for the small differences between actual and nominal concentrations of test and reference substances
- Results with reference substance:
- Degradation of sodium benzoate exceeded 40 % after 7 days and 65 % after 14 days: the activity of the inoculum was thus verified (validity criterion).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not inherently biodegradable
- Remarks:
- inherently primarily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- At the test concentration Calyxol and/or its degradation products did reduce the oxygen consumption in the test flasks compared to flasks containing inoculum only (apparent negative biodegradation at beginning of test, apparent declining biodegradation from day 21). However, the inhibition of the intrinsic respiration of the inoculum was less than 20%, and therefore considered not significant.
Thus, Calyxol cannot be regarded as inherently and ultimately biodegradable according to this test. However Calyxol should be regarded as inherently primarily biodegradable according to this test method. - Executive summary:
The Inherent Biodegradability of Calyxol was determined by the Manometric Respirometry Test according to the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, Method No. 302C.
In the test conditions Calyxol undergoes 18% biodegradation after 28 days (23% after 21 days, 36 % after 70 days).
At the test concentration Calyxol and/or its degradation products did reduce the oxygen consumption in the test flasks compared to flasks containing inoculum only (apparent negative biodegradation at beginning of test, apparent declining biodegradation from day 21). However, the inhibition of the intrinsic respiration of the inoculum was less than 20%, and therefore considered not significant.
Thus, Calyxol cannot be regarded as inherently and ultimately biodegradable according to this test. However Calyxol should be regarded as inherently primarily biodegradable according to this test method.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 23 October 2013 to 10 February 2014
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- An optional toxicity control as suggested by OECD guideline 301 F was not performed. The validity of the study is not adversely affected.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.4-D (Determination of the "Ready" Biodegradability - Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 835.3110 (Ready Biodegradability)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Name of test material (as stated in the report): Calyxol
- Batch No. NX00006086
- Aspect: colourless to pale yellow liquid
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: January 03, 2014 - Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- Fresh activated sludge from a biological waste water treatment plant treating predominantly domestic sewage (Bois-de-Bay, Satigny, Switzerland) was used.
The sludge is collected in the morning, washed three times in the mineral medium (by centrifuging at 1000 g for 10 minutes, discarding the supernatant and resuspending in mineral medium) and kept aerobic until being used on the same day. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 69 d
- Initial conc.:
- 30 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Reference substance:
- other: Sodium benzoate
- Remarks:
- 99% purity
- Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 34
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 46
- Sampling time:
- 69 d
- Details on results:
- Oxygen uptakes, as read on the Oxitop controller, are corrected to account for the small differences between actual and nominal concentrations of test and reference substances.
The repeatability validity criterion (not more than 20% difference between replicates) is fulfilled. Therefore, the test is considered valid. - Results with reference substance:
- Degradation of sodium benzoate exceeded 40% after 7 days and 65% after 14 days: the activity of the inoculum was thus verified (validity criterion).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Calyxol undergoes 34% biodegradation after 28 days (46% after 69 days) in the test conditions. Calyxol did not significantly inhibit the intrinsic respiration of the inoculum at the test concentration and was therefore considered to be non-toxic to the inoculum at the test concentration. Thus, Calyxol should be regarded as not readily biodegradable according to this test.
- Executive summary:
The Ready Biodegradability of Calyxol was determined by the Manometric Respirometry Test according to the OECD guideline 301F.
Calyxol undergoes 34% biodegradation after 28 days (46% after 69 days) in the test conditions. Calyxol did not significantly inhibit the intrinsic respiration of the inoculum at the test concentration and was therefore considered to be non-toxic to the inoculum at the test concentration.
Thus, Calyxol should be regarded a not readily biodegradable according to this test
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
The ready biodegradability of Calyxol has been investigated using the OECD 301F Manometric Respiratory Test. The level of biodegradation achieved after 28 days was 34%. Thus Calyxol should be regarded as not readily biodegradable according to this test.
The OECD 301F test was prolonged beyond 28 days because the curve showed that a plateau had not been reached. The level of degradation achieved after 69 days was 46% indicating significant partial degradation of Calyxol.
Similar levels of degradation were achieved in a guideline 302C inherent biodegradability test. When assessing inherent biodegradability it is not necessary to define limits on test duration. Biodegradation above 20% may be regarded as evidence of inherent, primary biodegradation, whereas biodegradation above 70% may be regarded as evidence of inherent, ultimate biodegradability. Calyxol achieved 23% degradation after 21 days and 36% after 70 days. Therefore, the substance should be regarded as inherently primarily biodegradable according to this test.
The time plot from the inherent 302C test shows a plateau of approximately 20% degradation between days 16 -24. Since Calyxol is an ester (ethyl 2 -methyl-6 -pentyl-4 -oxo-cyclohex-2 -ene carboxylate), the 20% degradation probably reflects hydrolytic cleavage of the ester function to release the carboxylic acid moiety and ethanol, the latter of which would be is rapidly mineralised. Degradation commences again from day 34 onwards, indicating that the carboxylic acid moiety undergoes further attack. This is supported by the 46% biodegradation achieved in the prolonged ready test.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.