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EC number: 258-964-5 | CAS number: 54079-53-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 008
- Report date:
- 2008
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.20 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- [[4-[[2-(4-cyclohexylphenoxy)ethyl]ethylamino]-2-methylphenyl]methylene]malononitrile
- EC Number:
- 258-964-5
- EC Name:
- [[4-[[2-(4-cyclohexylphenoxy)ethyl]ethylamino]-2-methylphenyl]methylene]malononitrile
- Cas Number:
- 54079-53-7
- Molecular formula:
- C27H31N3O
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-[(4-{[2-(4-cyclohexylphenoxy)ethyl](ethyl)amino}-2-methylphenyl)methylidene]propanedinitrile
Constituent 1
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Sampling schedule:
- Control: on day 0, 7 and 14 in the freshly prepared media; on day 2, 9 and 16 in the old media
- Test concentrations: on day 0, 7 and 14 in the freshly prepared media; on day 2, 9 and 16 in the old media
Test solutions
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- To accelerate the solution procedure, a higher amount of the water solubility of Solvent Yelow 179 (< 0.0007 mg/L) was taken (2 mg) and added directly to 2 litres of dilution water, treated for 1 h in an ultrasonic bath and then stirred for 24 h on a magnetic stirrer. Finally undissolved particles of the test item were removed by filtration using a folded filter of pore size 7-12 μm.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- - Source: Strain of Bundesgesundheitsamt Berlin
- Maintenance and Acclimatisation: A population of parthenogenetic females of synchronized age structure has been maintained for more than 15 years in the test facility under constant temperature conditions (20 +/- 1 °C) at a 16:8 hour light-dark photoperiod (illumination: < 1000 lux). The culture water (so-called 'M4 medium') was partly renewed once a week. The Daphnia were exclusively fed with unicellular green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus) 'ad libitum'. Mortalities of parent Daphnia during the culture period were recorded daily in a semi-quantitative way. The neonates were separated from their parent Daphnia by filtration prior to the acute test.
- Culture and dilution water: Reconstituted water (so-called 'M4 medium')
Study design
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 16.1 - 16.8 °dH (= 287 - 300 mg/L CaCO3)
- Test temperature:
- 20 +-1 °C
- pH:
- 7.8 - 8.0
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.5 - 9.2 mg/L
- Salinity:
- n.a.
- Conductivity:
- no data
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentration: 1 mg/L; After 16 days the values were below or at the limit of quantification (0.002 mg/L); Recovery rates ranged from 0.6–3.1 % of the nominal values in the freshly prepared media and from 0.6–3.2 % in the media after 48 hours, 72 hours of exposure, respectively.
- Details on test conditions:
- EXPOSURE CONDITIONS:
- Test vessels: 150 mL glass beakers holding 1 neonate in 100 mL of test medium
- Experimental design: 1 test concentration plus 1 control; 1 neonate per vessel, 10 replicates per concentration/control semi-static system (renewal of the test media on Monday, Wednesday and Friday) respectively.
- Method of initiation: neonates were placed in prepared media
- Photoperiod: 16 h light: 8 h dark
- Light intensity: not exceeding 800 lux
- Aeration: none
- Food source: Desmodesmus subspicatus
- Feeding rate: day 0-7: 0.1 mg C / Daphnia / day; day 8-21: 0.2 mg C / Daphnia / day
- Criteria of effects: The criterion of adverse effects used in this study was the item-induced inhibitory effect on the parthenogenetic reproduction rate and the mobility behaviour/mortality rate of parent Daphnia, all effects being assessed at least three times a week. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- > 1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- The results are expressed in terms of nominal concentrations. Recovery rates ranged from 0.6 – 3.1 % of the nominal values in the freshly prepared media and from 0.6 – 3.2 % in the media after 48 hours.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The mortality rate in the controls did not exceed 20% by the end of the test; Living offspring produced per parent Daphnia surviving at the end of the test was ≥ 60 in the controls; DOC > 3 mg/L; pH: 6-9; water hardness > 140 mg/L (as CaCO3).
- Conclusions:
- No adverse effects were observed at the limit of water solubility (21d-NOEC(reproduction): ≥ 1mg/L, 21d-LOEC(reproduction): > 1 mg/L, 21d-NOEC(mortality): ≥ 1 mg/L, 21d-LOEC(mortality): > 1 mg/L). The results are expressed in terms of nominal concentrations. Recovery rates ranged from 0.6–3.1 % of the nominal values in the freshly prepared media and from 0.6–3.2 % in the media after 48 hours, 72 hours of exposure, respectively.
- Executive summary:
The study was conducted in accordance with EEC Methods for Determination of Ecotoxicity Annex to Directive 97/548/EEC Part C, Method 20 'Daphnia magna Reproduction Test'' (adopted: 2001), which equals to the OECD Test guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test; adopted: Sept. 21, 1998). Young female Daphnia, aged less than 24 hours at the start of the test, were exposed to a limit test concentration of nominally 1 mg/L of Solvent Yellow 179 dissolved in water. Auxiliaries used to prepare the test media were an ultrasonic bath, a magnetic stirrer and folded filters. After a 21d-exposure period, the total number of living offspring produced per parent animal alive at the end of the test was assessed. The reproductive output of the Daphnia exposed to the test item was compared to that of the control in order to determine the Lowest Observed Effect Concentration (LOEC) and the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) according to DUNNETT (1955, 1964). Additionally, the survival of the parent daphnia and the time to production of first brood was determined. The following values were determined (mg/L): 21d-NOEC(reproduction): ≥ 1, 21d-LOEC(reproduction): > 1, 21d-NOEC(mortality): ≥ 1, 21d-LOEC(mortality): > 1. The 1st brood was observed on day 8. Thus, no adverse effects were observed at the limit of water solubility. This toxicity study is classified as acceptable and satisfies the guideline requirements for the chronic daphnia study.
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