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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 233-020-5 | CAS number: 10022-31-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 2.73 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 25
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 116.3 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 68.35 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- The NOAEL in the 13 weeks oral repeated dose study of the read-across substance barium chloride dihydrate was used to derive a DNEL long-term, systemic effects via the inhalation route. For the route-to-route extrapolation from oral to inhalation, the dose descriptor starting point = 116.3 mg barium nitrate/kg bw/day x 1/(0.38 m³/kg/day) x 6.7m³/10m³ x (7/21) = 68.35 mg/m³. The oral dose for rats was converted to the corresponding air concentration using a standard breathing volume for the rat (0.38 m³/kg for 8 hours exposure of workers). For workers the resulting air concentration needs to be additionally corrected for the difference between basal caloric demand and caloric demand under light activity. This correction factor is derived from the inhaled volumes in 8 hours under the respective conditions (6.7 m³ for base level, 10 m³ for light activity). In addition, the NOAEL need to be multiplied by 0.33 as the bioavailability via the inhalation route is considered as 21%, while for oral exposure this is only 7%.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- adequate data available
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- subchronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- covered in route-to-route extrapolation
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- worker
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- no need for a further assessment factor
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- no need for a further assessment factor
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 8.141 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 100
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 814.1 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
No long-term dermal tox studies are available for barium nitrate. However, read-across data from a 13 -week repeated dose study (oral) of barium chloride dihydrate could be used after extrapolation to the dermal route.
Exposures were continuous, via drinking water during 92 days (Dietz et al., 1992). Parental Fischer 344 rats (10 per sex and per dose) were treated, starting at 32 days old and ending when the animals were euthanized, at dose levels of 125, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 ppm BaCl2.H2O. A control group of 10 males and 10 females didn’t receive treatment. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was considered to be 61.1 mg Ba/kg/day. The NOAEL level recalculated for Ba nitrate (Ba(NO3)2) is 61.1 mg/kg/day x 52.55% (for Ba content) = 116.3 mg barium nitrate/kg/day. For route-to-route extrapolation (oral to dermal), a factor of 1/7 should be applied as part of the overall assessment factor, as it is assumed that dermal absorption (assumed to be 1%) will be lower than oral absorption (assumed to be 7%). The dose descriptor starting point is 116.3 mg/kg bw/day x 7 = 814.1 mg/kg bw/day.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- adequate data available
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- subchronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 5
- Justification:
- worker
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- no need for a further assessment factor
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- no need for a further assessment factor
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - workers
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.67 mg/m³
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 50
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 116.3 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEC
- Value:
- 33.71 mg/m³
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The NOAEL observed in the 13 -weeks oral repeated dose study with the read-across substance barium chloride dihydrate was used to derive a DNEL long-term, systemic effects via the inhalation route.
For the route-to-route extrapolation from oral to inhalation, the dose descriptor starting point = 116.3 mg barium nitrate/kg bw/day x 1/(1.15 m³/kg/day) x (7/21) = 33.71 mg/m³. The dermal dose for rats was converted to the corresponding air concentration using a standard breathing volume for the rat (1.15 m³/kg for 24 hours exposure). In addition, the NOAEL needed to be multiplied by 0.33 as the bioavailability via the inhalation route is considered as 21%, while for oral exposure this is only 7%. No correction for the exposure duration was added as the animals in the reference study were exposed continuously.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- adequate data available
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- subchronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 1
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- no need for a further assessment factor
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- no need for a further assessment factor
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 4.07 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 116.3 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 814.1 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
The long term systemic DNEL for the dermal route was derived based on the combined repeated dose toxicity study with reproduction/developmental toxicity screening of the read-across
substance barium chloride dihydrate. No correction for the exposure duration was added as the animals in the refernce study were exposed continuously. The dose descriptor starting point = 116.3 mg/kg/day x 7 = 814.1 mg/kg/day. The NOAEL needed to be multiplied by 7 as the bioavailability via the dermal route is considered 1%, while for oral this is 7%.
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- adequate data available
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- subchronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- no need for a further assessment factor
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- no need for a further assessment factor
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
DNEL related information
Local effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Long term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- DNEL (Derived No Effect Level)
- Value:
- 0.58 mg/kg bw/day
- Most sensitive endpoint:
- repeated dose toxicity
- Route of original study:
- Oral
DNEL related information
- DNEL derivation method:
- ECHA REACH Guidance
- Overall assessment factor (AF):
- 200
- Dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 116.3 mg/kg bw/day
- Modified dose descriptor starting point:
- NOAEL
- Value:
- 116.3 mg/kg bw/day
- Explanation for the modification of the dose descriptor starting point:
- no route to route extrapolation
- AF for dose response relationship:
- 1
- Justification:
- adequate data available
- AF for differences in duration of exposure:
- 2
- Justification:
- subchronic to chronic
- AF for interspecies differences (allometric scaling):
- 4
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for other interspecies differences:
- 2.5
- Justification:
- rat to human
- AF for intraspecies differences:
- 10
- Justification:
- general population
- AF for the quality of the whole database:
- 1
- Justification:
- no need for a further assessment factor
- AF for remaining uncertainties:
- 1
- Justification:
- no need for a further assessment factor
Acute/short term exposure
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- medium hazard (no threshold derived)
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Local effects
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- low hazard (no threshold derived)
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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