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EC number: 202-974-4 | CAS number: 101-77-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: inherent biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Remarks:
- non GLP study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 302 C (Inherent Biodegradability: Modified MITI Test (II))
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- Fresh activated, non-adapted municipal sewage. Temperature of incubation 21 +/- 1°C
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 30 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 43
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- 43% after 28 days
- Parameter:
- BOD5
- Value:
- ca. 1 other: mg/l
- Results with reference substance:
- 77% biodegradation of aniline after 4 days.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- inherently biodegradable, fulfilling specific criteria
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge (adaptation not specified)
- Details on inoculum:
- Sewage sludge from sewage treatment plant of Kurume City, Japan. Sampled June 12, 1993.
Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) =1940 mg/l - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Based on:
- other: Activated sludge concentration used in test = 30mg MLSS/litre
- Details on study design:
- At the end of the test pH, DOC and residual amount (by HPLC of the solution) of MDA measured.
Experiment done in triplicate.
Test temperature 25 +/- 1 °C - Reference substance:
- aniline
- Parameter:
- other: BOD & residual amount
- Value:
- 0
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 1st & 2nd replicate
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 0
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 1st & 2nd replicate
- Parameter:
- other: BOD
- Value:
- 19
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 3rd replicate
- Parameter:
- % degradation (DOC removal)
- Value:
- 34
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 3rd replicate
- Parameter:
- other: residue analysis
- Value:
- 37
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: 3rd replicate
- Details on results:
- After 28 d, two of three replicates gave 0% biodegradation by BOD, DOC and residue analysis.
After 28 d, in the third replicate there was some biodegradability of 19% by BOD, 34% by DOC and 37% by residue analysis. - Parameter:
- BOD5
- Value:
- ca. 0 other: mg.oxygen
- Results with reference substance:
- Aniline gave 49.6, 64.4, 67.7 and 69.5mg BOD after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days respectively.
- Interpretation of results:
- other: not readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- MDA is not readily biodegradable.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 B (Ready Biodegradability: CO2 Evolution Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- Municipal activated sludge from the wastewater treatment plant Mannheim/Baden Württemberg (Germany) was collected on 06 July 2007 from the aeration tank of the plant and aerated in the laboratory until further use. A suitable aliquot of the activated sludge suspension was sieved using a finely woven mesh with a mesh size of about 1 mm. After settling, the supernatant was discarded and the sludge suspension was filled up with tap water. This washing procedure was repeated three times. The suspended solids concentration of the resulting sludge suspension will be determined, and a suitable portion was used to inoculate the mineral medium at a final suspended solids concentration of 30 mg/L. The inoculum was pre-adapted to the test conditions by stirring and aeration with CO2-free air at the test temperature for about five days. After this adaptation period, the inoculated mineral medium (1.5 L) was dispensed into the various test vessels.
Reason for the choice of the biological test system: The test guideline recommends the usage of activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, treating municipal sewage. - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- ca. 500 µg/L
- Based on:
- other: corresponding to a total radioactivity of about 11 microCi in the test assay.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- radiochem. meas.
- Details on study design:
- Test temperature 22+/-2 degree C
- Reference substance:
- aniline
- Parameter:
- % degradation (radiochem. meas.)
- Value:
- 46
- St. dev.:
- 3.96
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Details on results:
- 46% biodegradation after exposure of 28 days
53% (standard deviation +/-3.54%) after exposure of 63 days. - Parameter:
- BOD5
- Value:
- other: unknown
- Results with reference substance:
- 66% degradation after 14 days (%CO2/ThCO2)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- not readily biodegradable
Referenceopen allclose all
Under these test conditions, 4,4'-MDA showed some degradation (43%) after 28 days.
MDA is not readily biodegradable but there is the possibility that MDA may be inherently biodegradable.
The test substance was partly or moderately biodegradable. The study was based on OECD Guideline 301B and measured the evolution of CO2 to determine the degree of biodegradation. Therefore, no BOD was determined.
Description of key information
On the basis of available biodegradation tests it is not possible to conclude that the substance is biodegraded under environmental conditions.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Results from the ready biodegradation studies clearly indicate that MDA is not readily biodegradable. In the Schwarz (2009) study 0.5mg/l radiolabeled MDA was used in the OECD 301B test. At this very low concentration of test substance and where inhibition of the microbial population would not be expected, only 46% biodegradation was recorded after 28 days exposure. The Yakabe (1994) study confirmed that MDA is not readily biodegradable in the OCED 301F test.
In the Caspers et al (1986) study using activated sludge from a predominantly municipal source, the inherent biodegradation of MDA was found to be only 43% after 28 days. In a further inherent biodegradation study (BASF, 1988), using activated sludge from an industrial wastewater treatment plant, MDA was found to undergo 95% degradation after 14 days, and 97% after 21 days.
A Coupled Units Test (OECD 303A, Baumann 1986) with activated sludge produced from a mixed inoculum (secondary effluent, Rhine-water, suspension of garden soil) with an adaption phase of 25 days indicated only 6.5% biodegradation after 34 days.
These results clearly show that 4,4'-MDA is not readily biodegradable and fulfills the criteria for inherent biodegradation only if an adapted industrial inoculum is used. From the Coupled Units Test it can be deduced that an adaptation time of 25 days is not sufficient. Therefore 4,4'-MDA has to be considered as inherently biodegradable in industrial wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) only. Degradation in municipal WWTPs cannot be deduced from these results.
A publication of Mei et al. 2015 assessed the biodegradation potential of MDA in experimental studies according to 4 different guidelines and found the test item readily biodegradable in most of the tests, due to missing information these studies were rated as reliable with restriction. Studies with a higher reliability and complete documentation contradict these results.
On the basis of available biodegradation tests it is not possible to conclude that the substance is biodegraded under environmental conditions.
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