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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 205-599-4 | CAS number: 143-33-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- While this is not a guideline study, these data are generated by one of the premier experts in the toxicology of cyanides, Dr. Brian Ballantyne, author of "Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Cyanides", 1987. This data was reviewed by and found to be valid by the ECETOC Task Force on Cyanides, who authored the ECETOC JACC No. 53 report.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Toxicology of Cyanides
- Author:
- Ballantyne B
- Year:
- 1 987
- Bibliographic source:
- In: Clinical and Experimental Toxicology of Cyanides, (Ballantyne B and Marrs TC, Eds), IOP Publishing, Wright, Bristol, UK, pp. 41-126.
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Groups of animals were exposed to various forms of cyanide at various doses, to generate baseline data on lethal doses.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test type:
- other: method is valid as judged by ECETOC Task Force
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Sodium cyanide
- EC Number:
- 205-599-4
- EC Name:
- Sodium cyanide
- Cas Number:
- 143-33-9
- Molecular formula:
- CNNa
- IUPAC Name:
- sodium cyanide
- Details on test material:
- NaCN
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- female
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Details on oral exposure:
- As this is a review article (book chapter), there are few details provided on study design.
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- no data
- Statistics:
- 95% Confidence Limits were calculated for the LD50.
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 5.09 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- 95% CL:
- > 4.26 - < 5.83
- Remarks on result:
- other: This is one of 8 LD50 studies in rats which were dosed with either HCN, NaCN, KCN or Acetone Cyanohydrin (ACH). The results of all studies indicated a LD50 of < 10.0 mg/kg bw.
- Mortality:
- 50% of treated animals
- Clinical signs:
- other: The major target site for cyanide, where there is induction of a potentially lethal cytotoxic hypoxia, is the brain. A dose-dependent suppression of electroencephalographic activity has been observed. While large doses of cyanide produce permanent EEG s
Any other information on results incl. tables
The LD50 of KCN in female rats is 5.09 mg/kg bw. This corresponds to 0.104 mmol/kg bw.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Toxicity Category I
- Remarks:
- Migrated information 5 < LD50 < 50 Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- The literature on acute oral toxicity in animals was reviewed by the ECETOC Task Force. The lowest oral LD50 for rats is 5.09 (mg/kgbw), which is near the threshold value for a Category 1 acute toxicant . Major target organs include brain and heart. Classification is according to Regulation EC No. 1272/2008, Table 3.1, Salts of hydrogen cyanide.
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