Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 273-744-9 | CAS number: 69012-45-9 By-product produced in the rolling of copper wire either in a conventional rod mill or a continuous cast rod mill. Consists of metallic copper, cuprous oxide and cupric oxide.
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicological Summary
- Administrative data
- Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
- Workers - Hazard via dermal route
- Workers - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - workers
- General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
- General Population - Hazard via dermal route
- General Population - Hazard via oral route
- General Population - Hazard for the eyes
- Additional information - General Population
Administrative data
Workers - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Workers - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - workers
-
Type I: from cable producer 1: scale (coating)
-
Type I: from cable producer 2 (=downstream user): copper scale
-
Type II: from cable producer 1: slag as produced from a melting furnace (= dross)
-
Type II: from cable producer 2 (downstream user): copper dross, from copper melting (a mix of copper dross and slags, with pieces up to 5cm diam)
-
Type II: from (secondary) smelter: fines and parts were collected separately, resulting in two samples of copper dross (= two extremes); (sample 1) more oxidic fines, (sample 2) more metallic particulates
Human Health classification of B10 Scale, copper
1. Introductionand approach
The copper intermediate is identified as follows
Intermediate B10 - Scale (coating), Copper
“Residue produced by melting or treating at a high temperature metallic copper (metal, alloy, scrap). The intermediate consist mainly of copper metal and oxides from copper (I) or zinc. It may contain silicates.”
|
|
||
EC names |
EC number/ EINECS No. |
CAS No. |
|
Scale (coating), copper* |
273-744-9 |
69012-45-9 |
|
Waste solids, copper-refinery* |
273-718-7 |
679012-18-6 |
|
Waste solids, copper-casting* |
273-717-1 |
69012-17-5 |
|
Copper, dross* |
305-408-5 |
94551-59-4 |
|
Scale (coating), mill, copper* |
305-427-9 |
94551-81-2 |
Copper scale is considered as a complex metal bearing material.
The substances are complex metal bearing substance. Their toxicity and classification will depend on
- the % of metals present,
- the speciation of the metals,
- the solubility of the metals in media of relevance to oral, inhalation (in case the substance is not a massive material) and dermal exposure routes
- the mixture classification toxicity rules defined in theguidance (2009).
For complex metal bearing substance, the self-classification of the UVCB substance (in accordance to the EU hazard classification system (CLP, 2009) was performed based on below outline:
Characterization: the material is accurately described from its elemental composition typical concentrations and concentration ranges across production sites), and the specific speciation data (mineralogical information) obtained from representative samples. This information is enough to initiate the classification process.
Classification by the Mixture Approach: the UVCB is treated as a complex metal containing substance with a number of discrete constituting compounds (metals, metal compounds, non-metal inorganic compounds). The hazard classifications of each compound is then factored into a combined classification of the UVCB as a whole. For human health endpoints, additivity and/or summation algorithms are applied to quantitatively estimate the mixture’s toxicity to human health. These concepts and rules are incorporated in easy to use IT tools, which can be used to classify the UVCB.
Bridging or Read-Across: toxicological data are not available for the specific UVCBs being evaluated. Considering the knowledge and variability in composition, read-across and bridging is done by using a "representative" mineralogical/speciation analysis" combined with the "worst case" metal concentration (across companies) as a basis for the classification of the UVCB substance (chemical and mineralogical surrogates with similar origin/production process and physical/chemical properties).
Eventual correction: correction for (bio)availability was not made for B10 Scale (coating), copper
2. Summary of the chemistry and metal releases
The chemistry and mineralogy of Scale, copper B10 intermediate was assessed by Liippo et al, 2010 (see IUCLID Section 1.4 Analytical information & Section 4.23). In this assessment, samples of scales corresponding to different types of materials were characterized. Samples were selected as representative for the production processes, and the origin of the raw material (e.g. scale coating and dross-like materials). Sampling and sample preparation was performed according to the “ECI sampling protocol REACH B10” (see IUCLID Section 1.4 Analytical information):
Representative samples analysed:
The studied six (6) copper scale and dross samples contains between 23.6 and 86.8% copper. Zinc and lead contents ranges from below detection limits to 19.1 and 1.6%, correspondingly. The chemistry and mineralogical data demonstrated that all tested samples correspond to the identity described above, although the mineralogical composition of the UVCB may vary slightly (see composition IUCLID Section 1.2). Most samples consist mainly of copper ( in some samples alloyed by zinc or aluminium), and copper oxides (cuprite and tenorite forms). Zincite (Zn oxides and Zn alloy) is present in two samples. In lead –bearing samples, lead is carried completely by metallic lead or mainly by metallic lead (61.5%), amorphous lead glass (32.1%) and lead oxides (6.3%).
For each type of scale, a characteristic distribution pattern for each constituting element was observed:
For type I (Scale-type materials):
Copper is in the form of Cu metal/alloys (massive, 46.09% from Total Cu) + oxides (WC Cu2O/Cu(I), 53.91% from total Cu)
Lead, if present, is in the form of Pb metal (massive, 100% from total Pb)
Iron, if present, is mainly in the form of amorphous glass
Other minor metal elements are, if present, following the same distribution pattern than Copper (= assumed Worst Case), i.e. metal/alloys (massive, 46.09% from Total Element) + oxides (WC , 53.91% from total Element)
For type II (Dross-type materials):
Copper is in the form of Cu metal/alloys (WC powder, 85.23% from Total Cu) + oxides (WC Cu2O/Cu(I), 14.77% from total Cu)
Lead is in the form of Pb metal/alloys (WC powder, 61.54% from Total Pb) + Pb compounds (38.46% from Total Pb)
Zinc is in the form of oxides (WC ZnO, 93.82% from total Zn) + metal/alloy (WC powder, 6.08% from Total Zn)
Nickel is in the form of oxides (WC NiO, 14.77% from total Ni) + Ni metal/alloy (WC powder, 85.23% from total Ni)
Iron is present mainly in the form of intermetallic inclusion, alloys, silicates, and/or amorphous glass.
Other minor metal elements are, if present, following the same distribution pattern than Cu , i.e. in the form of oxides (14.77% from total element) + metal/alloy forms (WC powder, 85.23% from Total element)
For classification purposes, these two distribution patterns were retained as Reasonable Worst Case (RWC). The two types of materials are mainly differentiated from each other based on their respective Fe content, closely linked to their Cu oxide content (i.e. higher % Fe( as in dross) = high %Cu metal/alloy forms and thus low %CuO content)
Considering the chemical compositions across industry, 4 grades were derived in order to cover the worst cases for key drivers of the classification:
|
Grade 1 |
Grade 2 |
Grade 3 |
Grade 4 |
RWC pattern |
Type I: scale(coating)-like materials |
Type II : dross-like materials (Ni max <1%, Pb max <2%) |
Type II : dross-like materials (Ni ≥1%, Pb max <2%) |
Type II : dross-like materials (Ni max <1%, Pb > 2%) |
Cu |
70 ≤ Cu < 90 % (typ: ca 75%) |
20 ≤Cu ≤ 80% (typ: ca 70%) |
20 ≤Cu ≤ 80% (typ: ca 70%) |
20 ≤Cu ≤ 80% (typ: ca 70%) |
Pb |
Max ≤0.15% |
Max < 2% |
Max < 2% |
Max < 10% |
Ni |
Max < 0.1% |
Max < 1% |
1 ≤ Ni < 10% |
Max < 1% |
Co |
Max < 0.1 % |
Max < 0.1% |
Max < 0.1% |
Max < 0.1% |
Zn |
Max ≤1% |
Max < 40% |
Max < 40% |
Max < 40% |
Cd |
Max < 0.1% |
Max < 0.1% |
Max < 0.1% |
Max < 0.1% |
Sn |
Max < 0.1% |
Max < 10% |
Max < 10% |
Max < 10% |
Fe |
max ≤ca. 0.3% |
Ca 0.1 ≤ Fe ≤ ca 15% |
Ca 0.1 ≤ Fe ≤ ca 15% |
Ca 0.1 ≤ Fe ≤ ca 15% |
SiO2, Al2O3, etc |
Max < 15% |
Max < 30% |
Max < 30% |
Max < 30% |
3. Tier 1 (Lower Tier LT) classification
The Archetool (MeClas precursor, Verdonck and d’Have, 2010) was used to automatically calculate the classification of the intermediates (with varying typical characteristics as defined by the consortium members, using typical and maximum across industry). The tool is based on a database containing the human (and environmental) classification for each component of relevance to classification.
The information on the representative elemental and mineralogical composition (RWC distribution patterns for each constituent of the UVCB substance) is furthermore incorporated into the tool, so that the elemental composition (in % Total element) is automatically converted into % w/w of compounds that are relevant for applying the concentration limits.
Major constituents for Human health classifications were identified as follows:
Ø Pb (compounds): triggeringrepro toxicant cat 1(if max ≥ 0.1% from Total Pb); STOT-re cat 2 (if max ≥ 0.5%)
Ø Ni (oxide, WC): triggeringcarc cat 1A(if max ≥ 0.1%); andskin sensitizer cat 1 H317(if max Ni ≥ 1%), but notSTOT-re cat 1(because max Ni across industry is <10%)
Ø Cu (oxide, WC Cu2O): if oxide forms are above 10% from Total Cu(CLP, but cut off 20% if DSD), triggeringEye damage, and if above 25%Acute toxicity (oral and inhalation).
From the tool, the following classifications are derived:
HH Hazard derived by CLP Mixture toxicity rules (Arche tool/MeClas) |
||||
|
Grade 1 |
Grade 2 |
Grade 3 |
Grade 4 |
acute toxicity |
Cat 4 H302 (oral) Cat 4 H 332 (inhalation) |
|
Cat 4 H332 (inhalation) |
|
irritation/corrosion |
|
|
|
|
eye damage |
Cat 2 H319 |
Cat 2 H319 |
Cat 2 H319 |
Cat 2 H319 |
Respiratory sensitization |
|
|
|
|
skin sensitization |
|
|
Cat 1 H317 |
|
Germ cell mutagenicity |
|
|
|
|
Carcinogenicity |
|
cat 1A H350i |
cat 1A H350i |
cat 1A H350i |
Reproductive toxicity |
|
cat 1A H360 |
cat 1A H360 |
cat 1A H360 |
STOT Single Exposure |
|
|
|
|
STOT Repetitive Exposure |
|
cat 2 H373 |
cat 2 H373 |
cat 2 H373 |
Aspiration hazard |
|
|
|
|
HH Hazard derived by DSD Mixture toxicity rules (Arche tool/MeClas) |
||||
|
Grade 1 |
Grade 2 |
Grade 3 |
Grade 4 |
acute toxicity |
Xn; R20/22 |
|
Xn; R20/22 |
|
corrosion |
|
|
|
|
irritation |
Xi; R26 |
|
|
|
Respiratory sensitization |
|
|
|
|
skin sensitization |
|
|
R43 |
|
Germ cell mutagenicity |
|
|
|
|
Carcinogenicity |
|
Car cat 1; R49 |
Car cat 1; R49 |
Car cat 1; R49 |
Reproductive toxicity |
|
Repr Cat 1; R60/61 |
Repr Cat 1; R60/61 |
Repr Cat 1; R60/61 |
Classifications were derived using max concentrations across industry for each grade and are therefore precautionary.
See attached document
General Population - Hazard via inhalation route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
Local effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via dermal route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard via oral route
Systemic effects
Acute/short term exposure
DNEL related information
General Population - Hazard for the eyes
Additional information - General Population
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.