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EC number: 205-634-3 | CAS number: 144-62-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Type of coverage:
- not specified
- Preparation of test site:
- shaved
- Vehicle:
- physiological saline
- Controls:
- not required
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Skin preparation:
4 hours before the beginning of the test an area of approximately 240 cm2 has been shaved off from the
back and hips of the animals. An area of about 6 cm2 was used for the application of the assay sample.
Application:
500 mg of the test substance have been applied on the animal’s skin, after humidification with
physiological solution, with a square gauze (2.5 cm x 2.5 cm) and fixed with an elastic bandaging.
Removal of the patches:
The patches have been removed 4 hours after the application.
The exceeding substance has then been cleansed off from skin using a pad soaked with physiological
solution. - Observation period:
- OBSERVATIONS
The general conditions of the animals have been daily verified. Skin reactions have been evaluated one
hour after removal of the patches.
The evaluation has been repeated 24, 48 and 72 hours after the application. - Number of animals:
- Three rabbits have been used to perform the test.
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 60 minutes
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 60 min
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Other effects:
- not other effect
- Interpretation of results:
- not irritating
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- On the basis of the results, interpreted according to Official Journal of the European Union
2001/59/EC dated August 6th, 2001 and OECD n° 404 April 24th 2002, the test substance “OXALIC
ACID DI-HYDRATE” must be considered NOT IRRITANT for the skin. - Executive summary:
A GLP Laboratory test has been conducted following the OECD Guideline TG 404 for Skin irritation.
On the basis of the results, interpreted according to Regulation CE 1272/2008, the test substance “OXALIC ACID DI-HYDRATE” must be considered NOT IRRITANT for the skin.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 405 (Acute Eye Irritation / Corrosion)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- General conditions of the animals have been daily observed.
The eyes have been examined after 1, 24, and 48 hours, from the beginning of the study by means of
an ophthalmoscope. - Observation period (in vivo):
- 21 days
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 1
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 1 h
- Score:
- ca. 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- A previous check after 1 h was carried out
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- ca. 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- ca. 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Remarks:
- Evidence of results at 48 h made determination at 72 h unnecessary
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 1 h
- Score:
- ca. 1
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- A previous check after 1 h was carried out
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- ca. 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- ca. 2
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Remarks:
- Evidence of results at 48 h made determination at 72 h unnecessary
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 1 h
- Score:
- ca. 3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- A previous check after 1 h was carried out
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- ca. 3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- ca. 3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Remarks:
- Evidence of results at 48 h made determination at 72 h unnecessary
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- other: 1 h
- Score:
- ca. 3
- Max. score:
- 3
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Remarks on result:
- other:
- Remarks:
- A previous check after 1 h was carried out
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- ca. 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 48 h
- Score:
- ca. 4
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- not reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 72 h
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Remarks:
- Evidence of results at 48 h made determination at 72 h unnecessary
- Other effects:
- Cornea: 60 minutes after treatment translucent area were easily discernible and details of iris were slightly obscured. 24 hours later cornea appeared opaque and iris wasn’t discernible through the opacity
Iris: 60 minutes after treatment were observed congestion and swelling, iris was reactive to light (a sluggish reaction). 24 hours later iris wasn’t discernible through the cornea opacity
Conjunctivae:
(Congestion) 60 minutes after the treatment the conjunctivae appeared of a diffuse beefy red. The ymptom persisted for all observation time.
Conjunctivae:
(Chemosis) 60 minutes after treatment the conjunctivae showed a swelling with lids about half closed. 24 hours later a swelling, with lids more than half closed. - Interpretation of results:
- Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye)
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- On the basis of the results, interpreted according to Official Journal of the European Union 1272/2008
(CLP) dated December 16th, 2008 and OECD n° 405 April 24th 2002, the test substance “OXALIC
ACID” causes IRREVERSIBLE EFFECTS ON THE EYE and must be included in CATEGORY 1.
Reference
Eye reactions have been evaluated according to the values reported in the following table:
CORNEA
Opacity - degree of density (the most dense area is chosen for the evaluation)
No ulceration or opacity 0
sporadic or diffused areas of opacity (different from the slight opacity of normal luminosity)
details of iris clearly visible 1
Easily discernible translucent area, details of iris slightly obscured 2
Iridescent area, no details of iris visible, size of pupil barely discernible 3
Opaque cornea, iris not discernible through opacity 4
IRIS
Normal 0
Notably opened rugae, congestion, swelling, moderate circumcorneal
hyperaemia, or injection, any of these effects or a combination of them, iris stil
reacting to light (slow reaction is positive) 1
No reaction to light, haemorrhage, macroscopic injuries (any or all of these) 2
CONJUNCTIVAE
Redness (refers to palpebral and bulbar conjunctivae, cornea and iris)
Normal blood vessels 0
Some blood vessels definitely hyperaemic (congested) 1
Diffuse, crimson colour, individual vessels not easily discernible 2
Diffuse beefy red 3
Chemosis: lids and/or nictitating membranes
No swelling 0
Any swelling above normal (includes nictitating membrane 1
Obvious swelling with partial ectoprion 2
Swelling with lids about half closed 3
Swelling with lids more than half closed 4
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irritating)
Additional information
The following table summarizes the data on skin and eye irritation.
Study reference |
Study type |
Result |
Remarks |
Reliability |
Skin irritation |
||||
NON_KEY_Scholz, Weigand, 1968_IS |
in vivo (rabbit) |
Highly irritating |
1:10 and 1:30 solution |
2 |
NON KEY_1993_lit_Wahlberg |
in vitro (guinea pig) |
Dose-response relationship |
Development of method for predictive testing and screening |
3 |
KEY_2010_BIOILAB |
KEY: In vivo (rabbit) |
Not irritant |
OECD Guideline, GLP study |
1 |
Eye irritation |
||||
NON KEY_Guillot et al, 1982_IS |
OECD 405, AFNOR protocol and French cosmetic guideline |
Extremely irritating (AFNOR protocol) |
Saturated aqueous solution |
2 |
NON KEY_1968_Farbwerke Hoechst AG_Scholz |
in vivo (rabbit) |
Irritating |
1:10 solution (no irritation caused by 1:100 solution) |
2 |
KEY_Eye irritation_BIOLAB |
In vivo rabbit |
Highly Irritating |
OECD Guideline, GLP study |
1 |
The skin irritation potential was determined for a solid sample of oxalic acid, which was considered not irritating. The eye irritation potential was considered extremely irritating.
Effects on eye irritation: highly irritating
Justification for classification or non-classification
On the basis of the results, interpreted according to Official Journal of the European Union 1272/2008 (CLP) dated December 16th, 2008 and OECD n° 405 April 24th 2002, the test substance “OXALIC ACID” causes IRREVERSIBLE EFFECTS ON THE EYE and must be included in CATEGORY 1.
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