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EC number: 202-855-7 | CAS number: 100-47-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Results from several studies on skin and eye irritation were reported. Benzonitrile is considered to have a low potential for skin and eye irritation.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1978
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The test material was used to treat six rabbits each on the intact skin and the abraded skin.
Further details on the method are not available. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- other: abraded and intact skin
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- no
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 24 h (0.5 ml)
- Observation period:
- first reading after the 24 h exposure, a second after 48 h (72 h after application)
- Number of animals:
- 6 adults
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- > 0.2 - <= 0.3
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Remarks on result:
- probability of weak irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- > 1 - <= 1.3
- Max. score:
- 2
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Remarks on result:
- probability of weak irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- > 0 - <= 0.2
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 d
- Remarks on result:
- probability of weak irritation
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: other: CIVO grading system
- Conclusions:
- Benzonitrile is a slight skin irritant
- Executive summary:
In a primary dermal irritation study 12 adult rabbits were exposed to 0,5 ml of benzonitrile for 24 hours to a 1 inch x 1 inch of body surface area. Animals then were observed for 2 days (48 hr). Irritation was scored by the method of Draize (J.Pharacol.82 (1944) 377- 390).
Since the Draize grading system does not comprise a 72h reading the second reading is carried out on the basis of the CIVO- grading system. Benzonitrile caused very slight erythema in two out of six rabbits treated on the intact skin. On the abraded skin it caused very slight or well- defined erythema in five out of six rabbits and very slight edema in one out of six rabbits. The average results suggest benzonitrile to be a very slight primary skin irritant.
Reference
Irritation was scored by the method of Draize (J.Pharacol.82 (1944) 377-390).
The second reading is carried out on the basis of the CIVO –grading system.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1978
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study with acceptable restrictions
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: FDA Fed.Reg. 28 (119), 5582, 1963
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- not required
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- upon application eye closed for one second and subsequently not rinsed
- Observation period (in vivo):
- eyes examined at 24, 48, 72 hr and 7 days after instillation
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 6
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 0
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Irritation parameter:
- chemosis score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 1
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Remarks:
- Criteria used for interpretation of results: US CPSC / US FDA
- Conclusions:
- Upon application into the eye benzonitril caused slight lesions of the conjunctivae in all 6 rabbits. After seven days all treated eyes were normal again.
- Executive summary:
In a primary eye irritation study 0,1 ml of benzonitril as provided by the study owner without vehicle was instilled into the conjunctival sac of one eye of an adult New Zealand rabbits (in total 6) secured for one second (eyes subsequently not washed). The animal eyes were then examined after 24, 48 and 72 hours and finally after 7 days. Irritation was scored by the method of FDA-scoring scale.
Upon application into the eye benzonitril caused slight lesions of the conjunctivae in all (six) rabbits. After seven days all treated eyes were normal again. According to the FDA-standards benzonitril is not considered to be an eye irritant.
Reference
Individual scores awarded to the ocular lesions elicited by benzonitril using FDA-scoring scale
|
|
|
Conjunctivae |
|
Rabbit No. |
Cornea |
Iris |
Redness |
Chemosis |
After 24 hours |
||||
13 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
14 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
16 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
17 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
After 48 hours |
||||
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
16 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
17 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
After 72 hours |
||||
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
16 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
17 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
After 7 days |
||||
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
14 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
16 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
17 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
18 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
In a primary dermal irritation study 12 adult rabbits were exposed to 0.5 ml of benzonitrile for 24 hours and observed for 2 days (TNO, 1978). Irritation was scored by the method of Draize (1944). The 72h reading was carried out on the basis of the CIVO- grading system. Benzonitrile caused very slight erythema in two out of six rabbits treated on the intact skin. On the abraded skin it caused very slight or well- defined erythema in five out of six rabbits and very slight edema in one out of six rabbits. The average results suggest benzonitrile to be a very slight primary skin irritant.
In a second primary dermal irritation study 4 New Zealand Albino rabbits were exposed to 0.5 ml of undiluted benzonitrile (Mastri 1970). One of the two sites was abraded while the other remained intact. Test sites were covered with an occlusive dressing for 24 hours. No evidence of irritation was noted at 24- and 72 -hour scoring intervals. This result was confirmed by Zeller (1969).
In a primary eye irritation study according to FDA Fed.Reg. 28 ((119), 5582, 1963) 0.1 ml of benzonitrile was instilled into the conjunctival sac of one eye of 6 adult New Zealand rabbits (TNO, 1978). The eyes were not washed after application and examined after 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days. Irritation was scored by the method of FDA-scoring scale. Upon application into the eye benzonitril caused slight lesions of the conjunctivae in all (six) rabbits. After seven days all treated eyes were normal again. According to the FDA-standards benzonitril was not considered to be an eye irritant.
In a primary eye irritation study 0.1 mg/l of benzonitrile was instilled into the conjunctival sac of the right eye of five New Zealand albino rabbits (Mastri 1970). The eyes were not washed after application. Animals then were observed one minute, 1, 24, 72 and 7 days. Irritation was scored by the method of standard scoring system of Draize et al. In the classification system used, special emphasis was placed upon irritation or damage to the cornea. Correspondingly less attention was placed upon conjunctival and iridal effects. Benzonitrile was rated slightly irritating. Transient iridal junctival irritation was noted within one minute after instillation of benzontrile. The irritation essentially peaked at this time and subsided the next 24 to 72 hours. In this study, benzonitrile is slightly irritating to the eye based on Draize scoring system (with a score of 16.8 of a total of 110 possible points). The result was confirmed by Zeller (1969).
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the available data benzonitrile is considered to be slightly irritating to the skin and eye. A classification is not warranted.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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