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EC number: 202-808-0 | CAS number: 99-99-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- other: only abstract available
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
MITI, 1998 (only abstract available)
Effect concentrations
Species: Daphnia magna
Exposure duration : 21 d
Endpoint : EC50
Effect concentration : 5.41 mg/L
Basis for concentration : nominal
Remarks (e.g. 95% CL) : 95 % CL: 4.00 - 8.00 mg/L
Exposure duration : 21 d
Endpoint : NOEC
Effect concentration : 2 mg/L
Basis for concentration : nominal- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- other: OECD SIDS
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- other: OECD SIDS
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: no reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the OECD SIDS
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- OECD SIDS
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
OECD SIDS (2003):
In a reproduction test with Daphnia magna a 21 d-NOEC of 0.7 mg/L was obtained. In this study only nominal concentrations are given, as it was taken into account that 4-nitrotoluene was stable in a preliminary test (Canton et al., 1985). The second available test shows with Daphnia magna a 21 d-NOEC (reproduction) nominal of 1 mg/L (Slooff and Canton, 1983). In a non-guideline study with the non-standard test species, the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis, a 40 d-NOEC of 0.32 mg/L was determined for the endpoint reproduction (Slooff and Canton, 1983). The publication does not provide many details of the test, but states the basic test parameters and thus is considered valid. Chronic toxicities have also been measured for 2 other aquatic invertebrates: for the aquatic insect larvae of Culex pipiens a 25 d-NOEC of 3.2 mg/L (development), for the hydrozoan Hydra oligactis a 21 d-NOEC of 10 mg/L (specific growth rate; Slooff and Canton, 1983).
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- other: BUA report
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- other: BUA report
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: no reliability is given as this is a summary entry for the BUA report
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- BUA report
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- other: BUA report
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
BUA report (1989):
In studies on the effect of p-nitrotoluene on the fresh water polyp Hydra oligactis a 21d test (semistatic system) showed a no-effect concentration (NOEC) on growth of 10 mg/L (Slooff & Canton, 1983). In a 21d mortality test with Daphnia magna (semistatic system), p-nitrotoluene showed a no-effect concentration (NOLC) of 3.2 mg/L. A 21d reproduction test gave a NOEC of 1 mg/L (Slooff & Canton, 1983). The following data are given on the chronic effects of nitrotoluenes to Daphnia magna (Canton et al. 1985): 21d-LC50 = 3.2, 21d-EC50 (Mortality and Immobility) = 3.2 mg/L, 21d-EC50 (Inhibition of reproduction) = 1.8 mg/L, 21d- NOEC (Inhibition of reproduction) = 0.7 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Insufficiently documented. Test period, endpoint, and other important data not reported.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- no information given
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Test organisms (species):
- other aquatic mollusc: Lymnea stagnalis
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- no data given
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- not specified
- Basis for effect:
- not specified
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
In a study with the non-standard test species, the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis, a NOEC of 0.2 mg/L was determined. Test period, endpoint, and other important data were not reported. (Canton, 1985).
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Basic data given
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- other: no guideline followed, see test conditions
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- other aquatic mollusc: Lymnea stagnalis
- Details on test organisms:
- 5 month old snails from laboratory culture
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 40 d
- Test temperature:
- 20 +/- 1 °C
- Details on test conditions:
- - 20 Snails per group
- 20 L Test volume per group
- Food: Lettuce
- Circadic illumination
- Culturing medium contains per 1 l bidistilled water: 100 mg/L NaHCO3, 200 mg/L CaCl2*2H2O, 20 mg/L KHCO3, 180 mg/L MgSO4*7H2O - Duration:
- 40 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- not specified
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 40 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 10 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- not specified
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
Slooff, 1983 (also cited in OECD SIDS,2003):
In a non-guideline study with the non-standard test species, the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis, a 40 d-NOEC of 0.32 mg/l was determined for the endpoint reproduction (Slooff and Canton, 1983). The publication does not provide many details of the test, but states the basic test parameters and thus is considered valid.
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: National Guideline study with acceptable restrictions; only basic data given
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- other: NEN 6502: Determination of chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna (1980), Dutch Standardization Organization, Rijswijk, The Nederlands
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Name of test material (as cited in publication): 4-nitrotoluene
Analytical purity: > 98% - Analytical monitoring:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- - all daphnids used were <24 h old at the start of the experiment
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Hardness:
- 200 mg/L CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 0.5 °C
- pH:
- 8.4 ± 0.1
- Dissolved oxygen:
- medium was saturated with air prior to use
- Details on test conditions:
- - test was carried out in a room that was illuminated 12 h/day
- a synthetic test medium was used (NPR 6503,1980)
- daphnids were fed with 3x10^8 (cells/L day) of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. - Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- IC50
- Effect conc.:
- 7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- not specified
- Conc. based on:
- not specified
- Basis for effect:
- immobilisation
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% C.L. (6.6-7.5)
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- IC50 values were calculated according to Kooyman (1981)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- - Mortality in the controls never exceeded 10 %
- Executive summary:
Maas-Diepeveen, 1986/Deneer, 1989 carried out a study on Daphnia magna, in semi-static test conditions, following the protocol of the Dutch Standards Organization NEN 6502 (1980). All daphnids used were < 24 h old at the start of the experiments. The study reports the following effect concentration: 21-d IC50: 7 mg/L
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Comparable to guideline study, without detailed documentation, basic data given
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- other: in analogy with the OECD 202 proposal 1979
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Name of test material (as cited in publication): 4-Nitrotoluene
Analytical purity > 99.5 % Purity (Origin: Fluka) - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- no further data
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- - Daphnias were 1 day old at start of incubation
- Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Test temperature:
- 19 +/- 1 °C
- Details on test conditions:
- - 25 organisms per 1 litre of test medium, 2 replicates
- Culturing and test medium: NaHCO3 100 mg/L, CaCl2*2H2O 200 mg/L, KHCO3 20 mg/L, MgSO4*7H2O 180 mg/L
- Food during incubation: Chlorella
- Circadic lighting - Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- not specified
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- not specified
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Executive summary:
OECD SIDS (2003):
In a reproduction test with Daphnia magna a 21 d-NOEC of 0.7 mg/L was obtained. In this study only nominal concentrations are given, as it was taken into account that 4-nitrotoluene was stable in a preliminary test (Canton et al., 1985).
Referenceopen allclose all
OECD SIDS (2003):
In a reproduction test with Daphnia magna a 21 d-NOEC of 0.7 mg/L was obtained. In this study only nominal concentrations are given, as it was taken into account that 4-nitrotoluene was stable in a preliminary test (Canton et al., 1985). The second available test shows with Daphnia magna a 21 d-NOEC (reproduction) nominal of 1 mg/L (Slooff and Canton, 1983). In a non-guideline study with the non-standard test species, the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis, a 40 d-NOEC of 0.32 mg/L was determined for the endpoint reproduction (Slooff and Canton, 1983). The publication does not provide many details of the test, but states the basic test parameters and thus is considered valid. Chronic toxicities have also been measured for 2 other aquatic invertebrates: for the aquatic insect larvae of Culex pipiens a 25 d-NOEC of 3.2 mg/L (development), for the hydrozoan Hydra oligactis a 21 d-NOEC of 10 mg/L (specific growth rate; Slooff and Canton, 1983).
BUA report (1989):
In studies on the effect of p-nitrotoluene on the fresh water polyp Hydra oligactis a 21d test (semistatic system) showed a no-effect concentration (NOEC) on growth of 10 mg/L (Slooff & Canton, 1983). In a 21d mortality test with Daphnia magna (semistatic system), p-nitrotoluene showed a no-effect concentration (NOLC) of 3.2 mg/L. A 21d reproduction test gave a NOEC of 1 mg/L (Slooff & Canton, 1983). The following data are given on the chronic effects of nitrotoluenes to Daphnia magna (Canton et al. 1985): 21d-LC50 = 3.2, 21d-EC50 (Mortality and Immobility) = 3.2 mg/L, 21d-EC50 (Inhibition of reproduction) = 1.8 mg/L, 21d- NOEC (Inhibition of reproduction) = 0.7 mg/L.
The following figures are given for the highest concentration of p-nitrotoluene without a lethal effect on Culex pipiens and Lymnea stagnalis (Slooff & Canton, 1983):
Species | Age | Effect (Duration in days) | NOEC [mg/L] |
Culex pipiens | 1st larval stage | Mortality (25d) | 3.2 |
|
| Inhibition of development (25d) | 3.2 |
Lymnaea stagnalis | 5 months | Mortality (40d) | 10 |
|
| Inhibition of reproduction (40d) | 0.32 |
| eggs | Inhibition of hatching rate (7d) | 10 |
- Mortality in the controls never exceeded 10 %
Two other chronic effects are presented in the publications:
1. Population growth:
LRCT(rm) = Lowest rejected concentration tested that significantly (p<0.01)lowered the population growth constant(rm) after 21 days of exposure.
logLRCT(rm) = 1.61 [µmol/L] corresponds to 5.6 mg/L
2. Body length:
LRCT(length) = Lowest rejected concentration tested that significantly (p<0.01)lowered the mean length (L) of animals after 21 days of exposure.
logLRCT(length) = 1.61 [µmol/L] corresponds to 5.6 mg/L
The concentrations were determined using Williams´ procedure (Williams, 1971, 1972).
Description of key information
For transported isolated intermediates according to REACh, Article 18, this endpoint is not a data requirement. However, data is available for this endpoint and is thus reported under the guidance of "all available data".
OECD SIDS (2003):
In a reproduction test with Daphnia magna a 21 d-NOEC of 0.7 mg/L was obtained. In this study only nominal concentrations are given, as it was taken into account that 4-nitrotoluene was stable in a preliminary test (Canton et al., 1985). The second available test shows with Daphnia magna a 21 d-NOEC (reproduction) nominal of 1 mg/L (Slooff and Canton, 1983). In a non-guideline study with the non-standard test species, the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis, a 40 d-NOEC of 0.32 mg/L was determined for the endpoint reproduction (Slooff and Canton, 1983). The publication does not provide many details of the test, but states the basic test parameters and thus is considered valid. Chronic toxicities have also been measured for 2 other aquatic invertebrates: for the aquatic insect larvae of Culex pipiens a 25 d-NOEC of 3.2 mg/L (development), for the hydrozoan Hydra oligactis a 21 d-NOEC of 10 mg/L (specific growth rate; Slooff and Canton, 1983).
BUA report (1989):
In studies on the effect of p-nitrotoluene on the fresh water polyp Hydra oligactis a 21d test (semistatic system) showed a no-effect concentration (NOEC) on growth of 10 mg/L (Slooff & Canton, 1983). In a 21d mortality test with Daphnia magna (semistatic system), p-nitrotoluene showed a no-effect concentration (NOLC) of 3.2 mg/L. A 21d reproduction test gave a NOEC of 1 mg/L (Slooff & Canton, 1983). The following data are given on the chronic effects of nitrotoluenes to Daphnia magna (Canton et al. 1985): 21d-LC50 = 3.2, 21d-EC50 (Mortality and Immobility) = 3.2 mg/L, 21d-EC50 (Inhibition of reproduction) = 1.8 mg/L, 21d- NOEC (Inhibition of reproduction) = 0.7 mg/L.
Maas-Diepeveen, 1986/Deneer, 1989 carried out a study on Daphnia magna, in semi-static test conditions, following the protocol of the Dutch Standards Organization NEN 6502 (1980). All daphnids used were < 24 h old at the start of the experiments. The study reports the following effect concentration: 21-d IC50: 7 mg/L
In a study with the non-standard test species, the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis, a NOEC of 0.2 mg/L was determined. Test period, endpoint, and other important data were not reported. (Canton, 1985).
MITI, 1998 (only abstract available)
Effect concentrations
Species: Daphnia magna
Exposure duration : 21 d
Endpoint : EC50
Effect concentration : 5.41 mg/L
Basis for concentration : nominal
Remarks (e.g. 95% CL) : 95 % CL: 4.00 - 8.00 mg/L
Exposure duration : 21 d
Endpoint : NOEC
Effect concentration : 2 mg/L
Basis for concentration : nominal
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
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