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EC number: 204-876-7 | CAS number: 128-04-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to terrestrial plants: long-term
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 23 Oct - 23 Nov 2017 and 04 Jan - 28 Feb 2018
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 208 (Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 19 Jul 2006
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Remarks:
- LC-MS/MS
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: Stock solution 1 (360 g/L, 1st application) and stock solution 2 (120 g/L, 2nd application)
- Sampling method: The 10 mL samples from the biological test were stabilised by addition of 15 µL of 0.25 M EDTA solution. Aliquots of these solutions were diluted with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution and derivatised with methyl iodide.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Derivatised and underivatised solutions were stored deep frozen (≤ - 20 °C). - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on preparation and application of test substrate:
- - Method of application to soil surface: 100.8 g test item (41.1%) were dissolved up to 290 g deionised water (1st application; all plant species except Solanum lycopersicum) or 18.0 g test item (41.1%) were dissolved up to 150 g deionised water (2nd application, Solanum lycopersicum) by intense stirring. A second application was necessary as the validity criteria were not fulfilled for Solanum lycopersicum after the 1st application. The stock solutions were analytically verified. Dilutions were prepared by serial dilutions of 100 g out of the next higher cnocentration made to 300 g with deionised water (1st application; all plant species except S. lycopersium) or 50 g out of the next higher cnocentration made to 150 g with deionised water (2nd application; S. lycopersicum). Then, adequate volumes of these dilutions were given to fine quartz sand and mixed with a laboratory mixer for around 5 minutes. The amount of quartz sand depended on the water content of the used charge of soil (49.8 g quartz sand per kg soil (1st application) or 47.7 g quartz sand per kg soil (2nd application)). All sand mixtures were given to adequate volumes of soil and each batch was mixed thoroughly for 5 min in a laboratory mixer. The soil for one treatment was treated in one to two batches and then split into the replicates.
- Controls: The control was treated with the same amount of only water treated sand as the test item groups. - Species:
- Brassica napus
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Oilseed rape
- Plant family: Brassicaceae
- Variety: Smart
- Source of seed: Syngenta Seeds - Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Soybean
- Plant family: Fabaceae
- Variety: Cardiff
- Source of seed: Saatzucht Donau - Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Cucumber
- Plant family: Cucurbitaceae
- Variety: Zircon, F1
- Source of seed: Hild Samen GmbH - Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Plant group:
- Dicotyledonae (dicots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Tomato
- Plant family: Solanaceae
- Variety: Hilmar
- Source of seed: Bruno Nebelung GmbH - Species:
- Lolium perenne
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Perennial ryegrass
- Plant family: Poaceae
- Variety: Deutsches Weidelgras ZS
- Source of seed: Sämereien Jehle - Species:
- Allium cepa
- Plant group:
- Monocotyledonae (monocots)
- Details on test organisms:
- - Common name: Onion
- Plant family: Amaryllidaceae
- Variety: Sturon
- Source of seed: Bingenheimer Saatgut - Test type:
- seedling emergence and seedling growth test
- Study type:
- laboratory study
- Substrate type:
- natural soil
- Remarks:
- steam sterilized
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Remarks:
- Exposure time was 14 to 21 d after 50% germination in the control depending on the growth of the seedlings.
- Test temperature:
- 21.4 °C (mean)
21.2 °C (mean for Solanum lycopersicum) - pH:
- 5.84 ± 0.6
- Moisture:
- 59% (mean)
56% (mean for Solanum lycopersicum) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Testing facility: Growth chamber
- Test container: Commercial plastic flower pots (15 cm diameter)
- Method of seeding: Only untreated seeds were used. The seeds were introduced manually into the soil. After sowing the pots were watered.
- No. of seeds per container: 3 (B. napus), 2 (G. max, C. sativus, S. lycopersicum), and 5 (L. perenne, A. cepa)
- No. of replicates per treatment group: 4 to 10 pots per treatment group were sown. At least 20 seeds were tested per treatment group. Each pot represented one replicate.
- No. of replicates per control: 4 to 10 pots per treatment group
- Other: For a given test species, all seeds used in the test were from the same source and lot number.
SOURCE AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTRATE
- Pesticide use history at the collection site: No pesticide treatments were performed in the year of sampling and for at least two years before.
- Collection procedures: The soil was steam sterilized, delivered and analysed by LUFA, Speyer (Germany).
- Particle size: ≤ 0.2 cm
- Soil taxonomic classification: LUFA 2.3 (USDA: sandy loam)
- Organic carbon (%): 0.68 ± 0.04%
- Pretreatment of soil: Steam sterilization
GROWTH CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h light / 8 h dark
- Mean light intensity: 252 µE/m²/s (and 215 µE/m²/s for Solanum lycopersicum)
- Watering regime and schedules: A spot check on soil moisture was carried out daily. Bottom watering (through saucers) was done where necessary. Water was given in order to assure optimal water supply of the plants.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
(1) Fresh weight: The fresh weight of the above ground part of all survived plants of a pot (each pot is considered a replicate) was determined 14 or 21 days after 50% seedling emergence in the control. If all plants of a pot were dead, the value for this replicates was "0".
(2) Germination: Germination was checked daily on weekdays (excluding weekends) until 50% of the control plants had emerged. Further checks were done weekly.
(3) Mortality: The number of living and dead plants was recorded 7 and 14 days or 7, 14 and 21 days after 50% seedling emergence in the control. A plant was considered dead if no living tissue could be found on the leaves or shoots. All other plants were considered living.
(4) Phytotoxicity: Phytotoxicity (e.g. chlorosis, necrosis, abnormal growth) was visually assessed every week according to EPPO Standard PP 1/135 (4) after 50% seedling emergence in the control.
(5) Growth stages: Growth stages on day 14 or 21 after 50% seedling emergence in the control were reported according to BBCH-Monograph - Growth stages.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: geometrical factor of 3
- Range finding study: Yes, non-GLP.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes - Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Control, 4.12, 12.3, 37.0, 111, 333, and 1000 mg test item/kg dry soil (nominal)
Control, 1.69, 5.06, 15.21, 45.62, 136.86, and 411 mg a.i./kg dry soil (nominal) - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Species:
- Brassica napus
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 133 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits: 132 - 135 mg/kg soil dw
- Species:
- Brassica napus
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 54.66 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 250 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits: 201 - 292 mg/kg soil dw
- Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 102.75 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 110 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits: 103 - 116 mg/kg soil dw
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 45.21 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 75 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: with reservation
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 30.825 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 62.4 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits: 46.5 - 84.1 mg/kg soil dw
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 25.65 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- Lolium perenne
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 465 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits: 265 - 1145 mg/kg soil dw
- Species:
- Lolium perenne
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 191.12 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 203 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits: 165 - 253 mg/kg soil dw
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 83.43 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- Brassica napus
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 72 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence interval: 70.2 - 73.8 mg test item/kg dry soil
- Species:
- Brassica napus
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 29.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 123 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence interval: 65.0 - 163 mg test item/kg dry soil
- Species:
- Glycine max (G. soja)
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 50.55 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 59.6 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence interval: 32.8 - 73.4 mg test item/kg dry soil
- Species:
- Cucumis sativus
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 24.5 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 34.9 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence interval: n.d.
- Remarks:
- with reservation, p (F) = 0.053
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 14.34 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 20.1 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence interval: 9.45 - 29.6 mg test item/kg dry soil
- Species:
- other: Solanum lycopersicum
- Duration:
- 14 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 8.26 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- Lolium perenne
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 205 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence interval: 5.51 - 324 mg test item/kg dry soil
- Species:
- Lolium perenne
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 84.26 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 102 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence interval: 68.5 - 130 mg test item/kg dry soil
- Remarks:
- based on each replicate per concentration
- Species:
- Allium cepa
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 41.92 mg/kg soil dw
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: fresh weight
- Details on results:
- See "Any other information on results, incl. tables"
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Statistical analyses were performed with ToxRat Professional, Version 3.2.1 (ToxRat Solutions GmbH).
Fresh weight data were tested for normal distribution and homogeneity of variance using the Shapiro-Wilk's test (alpha = 0.05) and the Levene's test (alpha = 0.05). If the data were normally distributed, homogeneous and showed a monotonic dose-response the Williams t-test (multiple comparison, one-sided smaller, alpha = 0.05) was used for comparing treatment groups with the control. If the data were normally distributed and not homogeneous the Bonferroni-Welch t-test (multiple comparison, one-sided smaller, alpha = 0.05) was used. If the data were not normally distributed the Bonferroni-Holm U-test (multiple comparison, one-sided smaller, alpha = 0.05) was used.
ECx values were determined by regression analysis (Probit). When no significant dose-response relation on the mean values for each treatment group was found (p(F) > 0.005) the regression analysis was performed using all replicates for fitting.
For the mortality and germination data Fischer's Exact Binomial Test was used (with Bonferroni Correction, multiple comparison, one-sided greater, alpha = 0.05). - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- For further details please refer to “Any other information on results incl. tables”.
Reference
VALIDITY CRITERIA
The study met the criteria laid down by the guideline (Table 1) and is thus valid.
Table 1. Validity criteria.
Criterion |
Outcome |
Evaluation |
The Germination rate of the control seeds should be at least 70%. |
85 – 100% |
Yes |
The mean survival of emerged control seedlings should be at least 90%. |
100% |
Yes |
The control seedlings should not exhibit visible phytotoxic effects and the plants should exhibit only normal variation in growth and morphology for that particular species. |
The control seedlings exhibited no visible phytotoxic effects and the plants exhibited only normal variation in growth and morphology for that particular species. |
Yes |
ANALYTICAL RESULTS
The mean analytical recovery rate of the test item in the stock solution of the 1st application was 95% of the nominal value. The mean recovery rate in the stock solution of the 2nd application was 90% of the nominal value. The analyte was not detectable in any of the control solutions (deionized water) from the 1st and 2nd application.
BIOLOGICAL RESULTS
Fresh weight.The most sensitive species in terms of fresh weight was Solanum lycopersicum with an EC50 (14 d) of 75.0 mg test item/kg soil dw. Since this value was regarded with reservation (narrowly above alpha level), the EC50 was also calculated per replicate, and was 62.4 mg test item/kg soil dw. S. lycopersicum was followed by B. napus (EC50 (14 d) = 133 mg test item/kg soil dw) and C. sativus (EC50 (14 d) = 110 mg test item/kg soil dw), which were followed by G. max (EC50 = 250 mg test item/kg soil dw) and A. cepa (EC50 (21 d) = 203 mg test item/kg soil dw). The least sensitive species was L. perenne with an EC50 (21 d) of 465 mg test item/kg soil dw (Table 2).
Germination.The germination rate was statistically significantly reduced for S. lycpersicum at 333 mg test item/kg soil dw and for C. sativus, L. perenne and A. cepa at 1000 mg test item/kg soil dw. The germination rate for B. napus was not statistically significantly reduced (Table 2).
Mortality. Mortality was statistically significant for C. sativus at 333 mg test item/kg soil dw (40%) (Table 2).
Phytotoxicity. The main phytotoxic effect observed for all plant species was growth reduction. Additionally, B. napus and G. max showed chlorosis and G. max, C. sativus, L. perenne and A. cepa showed necrosis (Table 2).
The obtained effect concentrations are summarized in Table 3.
Table 2. Summarized results of fresh weight, germination, mortality, phytotoxicity and plant growth.
|
Treatment group [mg test item/kg dry soil] |
Germination [%] |
Germination statistics |
Mortality [%] |
Mortality statistics |
Fresh weight [g] |
Standard Deviation |
Effect* [%] |
Fresh weight statistics |
Phytotoxicity [%] |
Growth stage (BBCH) |
||
Time of Evaluation**
|
|
|
|
final check |
|
final check |
|
|
|
day 7 |
day 14 |
day 21 |
final check |
Species |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brassica napus |
Control |
100 |
|
0 |
|
7.70 |
± 0.88 |
- |
|
0 |
0 |
- |
13-14 |
4.12 |
100 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
9.18 |
± 1.83 |
19.3 |
n.s.2 |
0 |
0 |
- |
13-14 |
|
12.3 |
100 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
9.66 |
± 1.66 |
25.5 |
n.s.2 |
7 |
4 |
- |
13-14 |
|
37.0 |
100 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
8.59 |
± 1.12 |
11.6 |
n.s.2 |
1 |
4 |
- |
13-14 |
|
111 |
95 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
4.98 |
± 1.95 |
-35.2 |
s.2 |
17 |
8 |
- |
13 |
|
333 |
100 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
0.22 |
± 0.04 |
-97.12 |
s.2 |
95 |
94 |
- |
10-11 |
|
Glycine max |
Control |
85 |
|
0 |
|
9.98 |
± 3.63 |
- |
|
0 |
0 |
- |
14-15 |
12.3 |
95 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
8.74 |
± 2.50 |
-12.4 |
n.s.3 |
11 |
7 |
- |
12-14 |
|
37.0 |
95 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
9.41 |
± 1.52 |
-5.7 |
n.s.3 |
8 |
6 |
- |
13-15 |
|
111 |
100 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
10.72 |
± 2.10 |
7.4 |
n.s.3 |
6 |
6 |
- |
13-14 |
|
333 |
95 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
2.86 |
± 0.66 |
-71.3 |
s.3 |
26 |
29 |
- |
12-14 |
|
1000 |
80 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
1.57 |
± 0.57 |
-84.3 |
s.3 |
48 |
50 |
- |
12-13 |
|
Cucumis sativus |
Control |
85 |
|
0 |
|
7.04 |
± 1.37 |
- |
|
0 |
0 |
- |
12-13 |
12.3 |
90 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
n.s.1 |
8.23 |
± 2.13 |
17.0 |
n.s.3 |
0 |
0 |
- |
12-13 |
|
37.0 |
95 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
n.s.1 |
8.42 |
± 0.83 |
19.6 |
n.s.3 |
0 |
0 |
- |
12-13 |
|
111 |
85 |
n.s.1 |
29 |
n.s.1 |
3.44 |
± 1.81 |
-51.2 |
s3 |
45 |
35 |
- |
12 |
|
333 |
75 |
n.s.1 |
40 |
s.1 |
0.16 |
± 0.12 |
-97.8 |
s3 |
95 |
96 |
- |
09-10 |
|
1000 |
45 |
s.1 |
11 |
n.s.1 |
0.12 |
± 0.11 |
-98.3 |
s3 |
90 |
95 |
- |
10 |
Table 2. Summarized results of fresh weight, germination, mortality,phytotoxicity and plant growth (continued).
|
Treatment group [mg test item/kg dry soil] |
Germination [%] |
Germination statistics |
Mortality [%] |
Mortality statistics |
Fresh weight [g] |
Standard Deviation |
Effect* [%] |
Fresh weight statistics |
Phytotoxicity [%] |
Growth stage (BBCH) |
||
Time of Evaluation**
|
|
|
|
final check |
|
final check |
|
|
|
day 7 |
day 14 |
day 21 |
final check |
Species |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Solanum lycopersicum |
Control |
95 |
|
0 |
|
1.62 |
± 0.72 |
- |
|
0 |
0 |
- |
12 |
4.12 |
100 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
1.28 |
± 0.49 |
-20.7 |
n.s.2 |
0 |
0 |
- |
12 |
|
12.3 |
95 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
1.41 |
± 0.46 |
-12.6 |
n.s.2 |
0 |
2 |
- |
12 |
|
37.0 |
94 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
1.78 |
± 0.79 |
10.2 |
n.s.2 |
7 |
5 |
- |
12 |
|
111 |
95 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
0.31 |
± 0.29 |
-80.8 |
s.2 |
28 |
42 |
- |
10-12 |
|
333 |
60 |
s.1 |
0 |
- |
0.02 |
± 0.02 |
-98.6 |
s.2 |
79 |
92 |
- |
10 |
|
Lolium perenne |
Control |
95 |
|
0 |
|
4.47 |
± 0.41 |
- |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
23-24 |
12.3 |
90 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
4.66 |
± 0.66 |
4.1 |
n.s.4 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
23-24 |
|
37.0 |
100 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
3.87 |
± 1.87 |
-13.4 |
n.s.4 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
22-23 |
|
111 |
85 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
5.03 |
± 1.79 |
12.3 |
n.s.4 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
22-24 |
|
333 |
95 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
- |
3.12 |
± 1.03 |
-30.3 |
n.s.4 |
6 |
3 |
15 |
22-24 |
|
1000 |
50 |
s.1 |
0 |
- |
0.53 |
± 0.41 |
-88.2 |
s.4 |
11 |
15 |
33 |
13-21 |
|
Allium cepa |
Control |
95 |
|
0 |
|
2.20 |
± 0.30 |
- |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
12.3 |
90 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
n.s.1 |
2.21 |
± 0.44 |
0.7 |
n.s.2 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
12 |
|
37.0 |
90 |
n.s.1 |
0 |
n.s.1 |
2.17 |
± 0.93 |
-1.4 |
n.s.2 |
1 |
6 |
5 |
12 |
|
111 |
95 |
n.s.1 |
5 |
n.s.1 |
2.24 |
± 0.28 |
1.9 |
n.s.2 |
5 |
5 |
6 |
12 |
|
333 |
80 |
n.s.1 |
6 |
n.s.1 |
0.27 |
±0.17 |
-87.5 |
s.2 |
6 |
46 |
58 |
11-12 |
|
1000 |
20 |
s.1 |
0 |
n.s.1 |
0.03 |
± 0.03 |
-98.5 |
s.2 |
33 |
52 |
84 |
09-12 |
The results represent rounded values calculated on the exact raw data
*: negative values indicate reduction compared to control
**: day after 50% seedling emergence in the control
s. : significant
n.s.: not significant
1: multiple comparison Fischer’s Exact Binomial Test with Bonferroni Correction, alpha = 0.05
2: multiple comparison Bonferroni-Welch t-test, alpha = 0.05
3: multiple comparison Bonferroni-Holm U-test, alpha = 0.05
Table 3. Summary of effect concentrations (based on fresh weight)
|
NOEC |
LOEC |
|
|
EC10 |
EC20 |
EC50 |
|
|
[mg test item/kg soil dw] |
statistical analysis |
|
[mg test item/kg soil dw] |
statistical analysis |
|||
Brassica napus |
37.0 |
111 |
1 |
|
72.0 |
89.0 |
133 |
4 |
lower 95% cl |
70.2 |
87.5 |
132 |
|||||
upper 95% cl |
73.8 |
90.3 |
135 |
|||||
R^2 = 0.999 |
|
|
|
|||||
Glycine max |
111 |
333 |
2 |
|
123# |
157# |
250# |
4 |
lower 95% cl |
65.0 |
97.4 |
201 |
|||||
upper 95% cl |
163 |
196 |
292 |
|||||
R^2 = 0.999 |
|
|
|
|||||
Cucumis sativus |
37.0 |
111 |
2 |
|
59.6 |
73.5 |
110 |
4 |
lower 95% cl |
32.8 |
49.3 |
103 |
|||||
upper 95% cl |
73.4 |
84.7 |
116 |
|||||
R^2 = 0.999 |
|
|
|
|||||
Solanum lycopersicum |
37.0 |
111 |
2 |
|
34.9* |
45.4* |
75.0* |
4 |
lower 95% cl |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
|||||
upper 95% cl |
n.d. |
n.d. |
n.d. |
|||||
R^2 = 0.999 |
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
20.1* |
29.6* |
62.4* |
4 |
lower 95% cl |
9.45 |
17.0 |
46.5 |
|||||
upper 95% cl |
29.6 |
40.6 |
84.1 |
|||||
R^2 = 0.999 |
|
|
|
|||||
Lolium perenne |
333 |
1000 |
3 |
|
205 |
271 |
465 |
4 |
lower 95% cl |
5.51 |
25.7 |
265 |
|||||
upper 95% cl |
324 |
405 |
1145 |
|||||
R^2 = 0.999 |
|
|
|
|||||
Allium cepa |
111 |
333 |
1 |
|
102# |
129# |
203# |
4 |
lower 95% cl |
68.5 |
94.8 |
165 |
|||||
upper 95% cl |
130 |
160 |
253 |
|||||
R^2 = 0.999 |
|
|
|
Results represent rounded values based on exact data
n.d. not determined due to mathematical reasons
# the ECx-values are calculated on each replicate per concentration
* The ECx-values are with reservation (p(F) > alpha = 0.05; p(F) = 0.053)
1 multiple comparison Bonferroni-Welch t-test, alpha = 0.05
2 multiple comparison Bonferroni-Holm U-test, alpha = 0.05
3 multiple comparison Williams t-test, alpha = 0.05
4 Probit Analysis, cl = confidence limits
Description of key information
EC50 (14 d) = 75.0 mg/kg soil dw = 30.825 mg a.i./kg soil dw (nominal, OECD 208, S. lycopersicum)
EC10 (14 d) = 20.1 mg/kg soil dw = 8.26 mg a.i./kg soil dw (nominal, OECD 208, S. lycopersicum)
NOEC (14 d) = 37.0 mg/kg soil dw = 15.21 mg a.i./kg soil dw (nominal, OECD 208, S. lycopersicum)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Short-term EC50 or LC50 for terrestrial plants:
- 30.825 mg/kg soil dw
- Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for terrestrial plants:
- 14.34 mg/kg soil dw
Additional information
There is one GLP study available, in which the long-term toxicity of sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (CAS 128-04-1) was assessed according to OECD guideline 208.
An aqueous test item solution (41.1%) was tested for effects on seedling emergence and seedling growth of six plant species from six different plant families, including monocotyledoneae (Lolium perenne, Allium cepa) and dicotyledoneae (Brassica napus, Glycine max, Cucumis sativus, and Solanum lycopersicum). The study was performed in a growth chamber with exposure concentrations ranging from 4.12 to 1000 mg test item/kg soil dw in a geometric series with a spacing factor of 3. The test item was mixed into the soil before sowing and at least 20 seeds in 4 – 10 replicates were tested per concentration and species for an exposure duration of 14 to 21 days after 50% germination in the control (depending on the growth of the seedlings). A negative control was run in parallel and the concentration of the active ingredient in the stock solutions were analytically verified by LC-MS/MS. The assessed endpoints included fresh weight (the above ground part of all survived plants of a pot/replicate), germination, mortality and phytotoxicity. The effect concentrations were based on fresh weight data. The mean analytical recovery rate of the test item in the two stock solutions was 95 and 90% of the nominal value, respectively.
The most sensitive species in terms of fresh weight was Solanum lycopersicum with an EC50 (14 d) of 75.0 mg test item/kg soil dw (corresponding to 30.825 mg a.i./kg soil dw), followed by Brassica napus (EC50 (14 d) = 133 mg/kg soil dw, corresponding to 54.66 mg a.i./kg soil dw) and Cucumis sativus (EC50 (14 d) 110 mg/kg soil dw, corresponding to 45.21 mg a.i./kg soil dw), Glycine max (EC50 (14 d) 250 mg/kg soil dw, corresponding to 102.75 mg a.i./kg soil dw) and Allium cepa (EC50 (21 d) 203 mg/kg soil dw, corresponding to 83.43 mg/kg soil dw) and finally Lolium perenne (EC50 (21 d) 465 mg/kg soil dw, corresponding to 191.12 mg/kg soil dw).
The lowest NOEC (14 d) was 37.0 mg test item/kg soil dw (corresponding to 15.21 mg a.i./kg soil dw) obtained for Brassica napus, Cucumis sativus and Solanum lycopersicum. The obtained EC10 values are, in increasing order, 34.9/20.1 mg test item/kg soil dw (14.34/8.26 mg a.i./kg soil dw) for S. lycopersicum (14 d), 59.6 mg test item/kg soil dw (23.26 mg a.i./kg soil dw) for C. sativus (14 d), 72.0 mg test item/kg soil dw (29.6 mg a.i./kg soil dw) for B. napus (14 d), 102 mg test item/kg soil dw (41.92 mg a.i./kg soil dw) for A. cepa (21 d), 123 mg test item/kg soil dw (50.55 mg a.i./kg soil dw) for G. max (14 d) and 205 mg test item/kg soil dw (84.26 mg a.i./kg soil dw) for L. perenne (21 d). The germination rate was statistically significantly reduced for Solanum lycopersicum at 333 mg/kg soil dw and for Cucumis sativus, Lolium perenne and Allium cepa at 1000 mg/kg soil dw. The germination rate of Brassica napus was not statistically significantly reduced. Statistically significant mortality was observed for Cucumis sativus at 333 mg/kg soil dw (40%).
The main phytotoxic effect observed for all plant species was growth reduction. Additionally, Brassica napus and Glycine max showed chlorosis and Glycine max, Cucumis sativus, Lolium perenne and Allium cepa showed necrosis.
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