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EC number: 205-999-9 | CAS number: 280-57-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane is of low acute toxicity to animals following single oral, dermal or inhalation exposures.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study pre-dates GLPs Purity was not documented. Clinical signs were not reported.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method: other
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- no
- Species:
- rat
- Sex:
- male
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- water
- Details on oral exposure:
- Concentration in vehicle: 25% weight to volume
- Doses:
- 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg (active ingredient)
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 700 mg/kg bw
- 95% CL:
- > 500 - < 1 100
- Mortality:
- At 250 mg/kg, no rats died. At 500 mg/kg, one rat died. At 1000 mg/kg four rats died. At greater than or equal to 2000 mg/kg all of the rats died. The deaths occurred in three days or less.
- Interpretation of results:
- harmful
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 700 mg/kg bw
- Quality of whole database:
- Five studies are available where the test material was administered using water as a vehicle. In these studies the LD50 in male rats ranged from 700 to 2260 mg/kg bw.
Acute toxicity: via inhalation route
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
Acute toxicity: via dermal route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study pre-dates GLPs Test material purity was not documented.
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Evaluation and the scoring of the results was similar to that described in Section 1500.40 - Federal Hazardous Substances Act Regulations - 16 CFR - P o 123.
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- One group of six (3 male & 3 female) albino rabbits weighing between 2.0 and 3.0 kg. each was employed i n t h i s study. A l l animals had their backs clipped free of hair 24 hours prior to testing. A l l of the animals had their backs abraded prior to dosing.
The animals were housed and maintained in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (Pub. L-94-279) 9 CFR Part 3.
The sample was dosed as supplied.
The following dosage level was administered:
A l l rabbits were weighed and the correct amount of experimental material was applied to the back of each animal.
These treated areas were covered with large gauze patches and an impervious material was wrapped snugly around the trunk of
each animal. The dressings were removed after twenty-four hours and any excess material was removed and the approximate
amount remaining was noted.
The animals were observed for a 14 day period for signs of toxicity and for mortalities.Gross autopsies were performed on a l l animals which died
during the 14 day observation period and also on a l l survivors of the 14 day observation period. - GLP compliance:
- no
- Test type:
- fixed dose procedure
- Limit test:
- yes
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- other: Albino
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- The animals were housed and maintained in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (Pub. L-94-279) 9 CFR Part 3.
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on dermal exposure:
- experimental material was applied to the back of each animal.
These treated areas were covered with large gauze patches and an impervious material was wrapped snugly around the trunk of
each animal. The dressings were removed after twenty-four hours and any excess material was removed and the approximate
amount remaining was noted. - Duration of exposure:
- 24 h
- Doses:
- 2 g/kg
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 3
- Control animals:
- no
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Mortality:
- No
- Clinical signs:
- other: Severe erythema lasting for several days.
- Gross pathology:
- Pathology revealed nothing remarkable.
- Interpretation of results:
- practically nontoxic
- Remarks:
- Migrated information Criteria used for interpretation of results: EU
- Conclusions:
- LD50 dermal is > 2000 mg/kg for rabbit.
Reference
All animals survived. Severe erythema which lasted for
several days was the only finding of note. Gross necropsy
did not reveal anything remarkable.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- discriminating dose
- Value:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Quality of whole database:
- The dermal LD50 was >2000 mg/kg bw when the test material was administered as a crystalline solid or as a 50% aqueous solution to the abraded skin and >3200 mg/kg bw when a 25% solution was applied to the intact skin of rabbits. No deaths or signs of systemic toxicity were observed.
Additional information
Oral
In multiple non-guideline studies where the test material was administered as an aqueous solution, the oral LD50in male rats ranged from 700 to 2260 mg/kg bw. At non-lethal doses transient depression and poor grooming were observed. At lethal doses, severe depression and ataxia rapidly progressed to coma and death within a few hours.
Inhalation Under standard conditions 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane is a crystalline solid with 99% particle size >100um and does not present an inhalation hazard.
In a non-guideline study, the inhalation LC50 in male and female rats of a 20% solution of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane in water was >20 mg/L/1 hour. Clinical signs noted immediately after exposure included wet, ruffled appearance and slight depression. All animals survived the 1-hour exposure and appeared normal within 24 hours of exposure. In studies where rats were exposed to a saturated vapor of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane for 8 hours, all animals survived and exhibited only transitory irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes.
Dermal
In non-guideline studies, the dermal LD50was >2000 mg/kg bw when 50% aqueous solution was applied to the abraded skin and >3200 mg/kg bw when 25% aqueous solution was applied to the intact skin of rabbits. No signs of systemic toxicity were observed. The abraded application sites exhibited severe erythema and the intact application sites exhibited slight necrosis following 24 hours of occluded contact with the test material. Both the intact and abraded skin sites exhibited desquamation and some scab formation after 14 days of observation.
Justification for selection of acute toxicity – oral endpoint
Lowest reported LD50 value
Justification for selection of acute toxicity – inhalation endpoint
Under standard conditions 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane is a crystalline solid with 99% particle size >100um and does not present an inhalation hazard.
The inhalation LC50 in male and female rats of a 20% solution of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane in water was >20 mg/L/1 hour. Clinical signs noted immediately after exposure included wet, ruffled appearance and slight depression. All animals survived the 1-hour exposure and appeared normal within 24 hours of exposure. In studies where rats were exposed to a saturated vapor of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane for 8 hours, all animals survived and exhibited only transitory irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes
Justification for selection of acute toxicity – dermal endpoint
Under standard conditions the test material is a crystalline solid.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the lowest reported oral LD50 the material should be classified as harmful. Inhalation and dermal data is adequate and no classification is required for these routes of exposure.
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