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EC number: 215-960-8 | CAS number: 1461-25-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- not reported
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- documentation insufficient for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Intestinal uptake site, enterohepatic circulation, and excretion of tetra- and trialkyltin compounds in mammals
- Author:
- Iwai H, Wada O, Arakawa Y, & Ono T
- Year:
- 1 982
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 9:41-49
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- toxicokinetics
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Tetrabutyltin, along with other alkyltins, was investigated for intestinal uptake sites, distribution in organs, enterohepatic circultions, and excretion into feces, urine and bile.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Tetrabutyltin
- EC Number:
- 215-960-8
- EC Name:
- Tetrabutyltin
- Cas Number:
- 1461-25-2
- Molecular formula:
- C16H36Sn
- IUPAC Name:
- tetrabutylstannane
- Reference substance name:
- Bu4Sn
- IUPAC Name:
- Bu4Sn
- Details on test material:
- - Analytical purity: >98 %
- Source: Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
- Radiolabelling:
- no
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Three male Wistar rats weighing 400-450 g were used for one group. Two male Japanese white rabbits weighing 3 kg were used also.
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- other: oral (unspecified) and subcutaneous
- Vehicle:
- other: sesame oil
- Details on exposure:
- DIET PREPARATION
- Rate of preparation of diet (frequency): 5 times at 12-hour intervals
- Mixing appropriate amounts with (Type of food): administered orally in sesame oil
PREPARATION OF DOSING SOLUTIONS:
For oral administration:
Tetrabutyltin (10 mg/kg) was dissolved in sesame oil was administered orally to the rats five times at 12-h intervals.
For subcutaneous administration:
Tetrabutyltin (10 mg/kg) was dissolved in 2 mL ethanol and saline (2:1) solution was administered sc to three rats twice at 2-h intervals.
For bile collection: 51 mg tetrabutyltin in 6 mL ethanol and saline solution were infused into the intestine of a rabbit. A polyethylene cannula was inserted into the bile duct and the bile was collected in a test tube.
For feces and urine collection: Tetrabutyltin (10 mg/kg) was dissolved in ethanol and administered sc to three rats. - Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- For oral administration: 5 times at 12-hour intervals
For subcutaneous administration: 2 times at 2 hour intervals
For bile collection: once
For feces and urine collection: once
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 10 other: mg/kg
- Remarks:
- oral administration
- Dose / conc.:
- 10 other: mg/kg
- Remarks:
- subcutaneous administration
- Dose / conc.:
- 51 other: mg
- Remarks:
- bile collection
- Dose / conc.:
- 10 other: mg/kg
- Remarks:
- feces and urine collection
- No. of animals per sex per dose / concentration:
- For oral administration: 3 male rats
For subcutaneous administration: 3 male rats
For bile collection: rabbit
For feces and urine collection: 3 male rats - Control animals:
- not specified
- Positive control reference chemical:
- No information
- Details on study design:
- For oral administration: 3 male rats were administered tetrabutyltin five times at 12-h intervals. Four hours after the last dose, all rats were sacrificed and the organs (gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, blood and brain) were removed. The gastrointestinal tract was cut open and rinsed in succession with saline, 70 % ethanol, and 100 % ethanol to avoid contamination by the contents of the lumen. The small intestine was divided into duodenum for the upper fourth, ileum for the lower fourth, and jejunum for the rest.
For subcutaneous administration: Tetrabutyltin was dissolved in 2 mL ethanol and salin solution and administered subcutaneously to three rats at twice 2h intervals. One hour after the last injection, the animals were sacrificed and their organs (small intestine contents, liver, and blood) were examined.
For bile collection: 51 mg of tetrabutyltin was dissolved in 6 mL of ethanol and saline solution and infused into the intestine of a rabbit. A polyethylene cannula was inserted into the bile duct and the bile was collected in a test tube. Amounts of tetrabutyltin were measured as a function of time after the infusion.
For feces and urine collection: Tetrabutyltin was dissolved in ethanol and administered subcutaneously to three rats. The rats were housed in separate metabolic cages and feces and urine were collected for 3 days. - Details on dosing and sampling:
- Alkyltins were extracted from samples with ethyl acetate after the homogenised samples were acidified with HCl. Further purification was performed by concentration of the extracted solution followed by stepwise elution on a silica gel column with n-hexane for R4Sn. Eluates were concentrated and the amounts of R4Sn were determined by gas chromatography. Silica gel for column chromatography was washed before use. Gas chromatography was performed with Shimadzu model GC-6A Instrument. A 200 cm x 3 mm glass column containing 10 % PEG-20M was used for the analysis of tetrabutyltin. Tetrabutyltin was detected with a flame ionization detector. The temperature of the injection and detector ports was 180 degrees C and the program rate was 4 degrees Celsius/minute. Extraction and analysis of alkyltins were carried out by previously reported methods. Alkyltins were extracted from samples with ethyl acetate after the homogenized samples were acidified with HCl. Further purification was performed by concentration of the extracted solution, followed by stepwise elution on a silica gel column with n-hexane for tetrabutyltin. Eluates were concentrated and the amount of tetrabutyltin were determined by gas chromatography. Recoveries through all procedures of tetrabutyltin added to various tissues ranged from 97 to 104 %.
- Statistics:
- No information
Results and discussion
- Preliminary studies:
- No information
Toxicokinetic / pharmacokinetic studies
- Details on absorption:
- Tetrabutyltin was mainly taken up in the jejunum and duodenum. The kidney and liver retained tetrabutyltin. Almost no retention of the compounds was observed in the brain and blood. Relatively large amounts of Bu3Sn+ were found in the small and large intestines and the brain.
- Details on distribution in tissues:
- The concentration of tetrabutyltin in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract after oral administraion increased in the order of duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The liver retained tetrabutyltin. Almost no retention was observed in the brain and blood.
Transfer into organs
- Transfer type:
- other: passive diffusion
- Observation:
- distinct transfer
- Details on excretion:
- After a single subcutaneous injection of tetrabutyltin (10 mg/kg) in rats, tetrabutyltin could not be detected in feces or urine. However, although the amounts were very small (0.07 - 0.16 % of the dose), Bu3Sn+ was found in feces and urine, suggesting that absorbed tetrabutyltin is dealkylated in the body and the metabolites are mainly excreted in urine and feces in the rats. The most lipid-soluble tetrabutyltin that escapes dealkylation in organs is excreted into the bile and futher metabolized in the intestine or reabsorbed there.
Metabolite characterisation studies
- Metabolites identified:
- yes
- Details on metabolites:
- Metabolites include Bu3Sn+
Any other information on results incl. tables
When Bu4Sn was administered, the amount of Bu4Sn excreted into urine and feces was not detected, but Bu3Sn+ was detected in both the feces at 0.16 % of the dose and in the urine at 0.12 % of the dose of Bu4Sn.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The route, rate and amount of excretion of tetrabutyltin depends on the velocity of dealkylation, doses, physical and chemical properties, and route of administration of the compound.
- Executive summary:
The intestinal uptake site, enterohepatic circulation, and excretion into bile, feces and urine of tetrabutyltin was investigated after oral, subcutaneous, or intestinal administration of the compounds to rats and rabbits. Assays of tetrabutyltin in the biological materials were carried out by gas chromatography. The main uptake sites in the small intestine were the jejunum and duodenum for tetrabutyltin. Tetrabutyltin was detected in the small intestine and contents of the intestinal lumen after subcutaneous injection of these compounds in rats. Tetrabutyltin is transported in the body through enterohepatic circulation. The route, rate and amount of excretion of tetrabutyltin depends on the velocity of dealkylation, doses, physical and chemical properties, and route of administration of the compound.
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