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EC number: 415-510-2 | CAS number: 145703-76-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 36 µg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 50
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
- PNEC freshwater (intermittent releases):
- 360 µg/L
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC aqua (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 3.6 µg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 500
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC STP
- PNEC value:
- 1 mg/L
- Assessment factor:
- 100
- Extrapolation method:
- assessment factor
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (freshwater)
- PNEC value:
- 141 µg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC sediment (marine water)
- PNEC value:
- 14.1 µg/kg sediment dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for air
Air
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- PNEC soil
- PNEC value:
- 7.08 µg/kg soil dw
- Extrapolation method:
- equilibrium partitioning method
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no potential for bioaccumulation
Additional information
Calculation of PNECwater was based on the result obtained in a long-term study on daphnia, namely a NOEC of 1.8 mg/l. This result was generated for the trophic level showing the lowest EC50 in short-term tests, i.e. EC50 > 36 mg/l for crustacea; in addition, a NOEC of 41.2 mg/l was found in a 72 -h study on algae. Assessment factors of 50 and 500 were used for fresh water and marine water, respectively.
The derivation of PNECwater, intermittent was done by applying an assessment factor of 100 to the lowest value obtained in at least three short-term aquatic toxicity studies from three trophic levels. Accordingly, an EC50 > 36 mg/l on daphnia was used.
The value of PNECstp was derived from the result of the activated sludge respiration inhibition test EC50 > 100 mg/l by using an assessment factor of 100.
Due to the lack of ecotoxicological data, PNECsediment for fresh water and marine water were calculated using equilibrium partitioning method. This method uses PNECwater for aquatic organisms and suspended matter/water partition coefficients as inputs. Note that this approach is used only as a rough screening since it may result in both an overestimation or underestimation of toxicity. As no experimental data was available, the suspended matter-water partition coefficient was computed and resulted as 0.979 m3/m3, starting from a Koc of 3.16 l/kg for non-hydrophobic substances. A correction factor of 4.6 from wet weight to dry weigth was applied to obtain the final PNECsediment.
The amount of test substance in the air compartment was expected to be very low, since the substance is a solid with a negligible vapour pressure. Therefore, no hazard was identified.
The calculation of PNECsoil was done using the equilibrium partitioning method, based on the assumption that soil toxicity, expressed in terms of freely-dissolved substance concentration in the pore water, is the same as aquatic toxicity. The pore water concentration is correlated with the bioavailable fraction. Note that this approach was originally developed for sediments but it may be applied to soil. In the calculation of PNECsoil,
PNECwater for aquatic organisms and soil/water partition coefficient are used as inputs. As no experimental data was available, the soil-water partition coefficient was computed and resulted as 0.295 m3/m3, starting from a Koc of 3.16 l/kg for non-hydrophobic substances. A correction factor of 1.13 from wet weight to dry weight was applied to obtain the final PNECsoil.Secondary poisoning concerns toxic effects in the higher members of the food chain which result from ingestion of organisms from lower trophic levels that contain accumulated substances. It is relevant for lipophilic organic chemicals. Therefore, due to the absence of potential for bioaccumulation, test substance was considered as not hazardous with respect to secondary poisoning.Conclusion on classification
According to the CLP Regulation (EC 1272/2008), the threshold of classification of a substance for acute aquatic toxicity is 1 mg/l. This limit is compared with a LC50 (96h) for fish, an EC50 (48 h) for crustacea, e.g. daphnia, or an EC50 (72 - 96 h) for algae or aquatic plants.
The toxicity to fish was determined in a 96 -hour limit test where no mortality was seen at the tested concentration. Hence a LC50 (96 h) > 86 mg/l (measured concentration) was found.
Exposure of daphnia to a filtrate solution did not induce acute immobilisation at measured concentrations ranging from 47 to 24 mg/l after 48 h. Hence an EC50 > 36 mg/l on average was found. Exposure to a supersaturated solution caused immobilisation, due to substance deposition rather than to substance toxicity.
The toxicity on algae was determined in a 72 -hour test. As proved by a modified test specifically developed for dyes, effects on algal biomass and growth rate, with a NOEC of 6.7 mg/l, were only due to the indirect action of the test substance, namely light absorption.
Any toxic effect of the test substance on the algal cells could be excluded up to the highest tested concentration of 41.2 mg/l. Hence an EC50 > 41.2 mg/l was found. Based on these findings, the substance is not classified for acute aquatic toxicity in the CLP Regulation (EC 1272/2008).
Concerning the long-term aquatic toxicity, the CLP Regulation (EC 1272/2008) sets the threshold of classification of a non-rapidly degradable substance at 1 mg/l, when chronic toxicity data is available. In case of lack of chronic data, the potential for chronic toxicity is identified by appropriate combinations of acute toxicity data and lack of biodegradability and the threshold of classification is 100 mg/l. Classification based on acute toxicity data may be removed if chronic toxicity data on the same species (or one of equivalent or higher sensitivity) does not imply a classification.
In the available acute toxicity studies, daphnia and algae resulted as the most sensitive species with an EC50 > 36 mg/l and EC50 > 41.2 mg/l, respectively. Chronic toxicity of test substance on daphnia was assessed in a 22 -day test., where a NOEC of 1.8 mg/l was determined, based on the survival rate and the reproduction rate. In the 72 -hour study on algae, a NOEC of 6.7 mg/l was determined. Accordingly, the substance is not classified for chronic aquatic toxicity in the CLP Regulation (EC 1272/2008).
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