3,4-dichloroaniline

Guidance on Safe Use

First-aid measures

Eyes:

Rinse the affected eye with widely spread lids for 10 minutes under running water whilst protecting the unimpaired eye.                                      

Arrange medical treatment.                                      

Immediately remove contact lenses if these are being worn.

Skin:

Whilst protecting yourself, relocate the casualty away from the source of danger.                                      

Remove contaminated clothing while protecting yourself.                                      

Immediate careful cleansing of the skin is most important.

Carefully wash contaminated skin areas repeatedly with soap

and water.

Intermittently wash with polyethylene glycol 400 (e.g.

Macrogol) if available. Let it act for some minutes, then

thoroughly wash it off. Repeat the procedure several times.

Under no circumstances use alcohol, gasoline or other solvents.                                      

Lay the casualty down in a quiet place and protect him against hypothermia.                                      

Working clothes should also be changed following massive

contamination with vapors.

In every case, even if there are no symptoms yet and even

following only slight contamination, as soon as possible:

Arrange medical treatment.                                      

Respiratory tract:

Whilst protecting yourself remove the casualty from the hazardous area and take him to the fresh air.                                      

Lay the casualty down in a quiet place and protect him against hypothermia.                                      

If available, have the casualty inhale oxygen, particularly

if dyspnoea is already noticeable.

For dyspnoea have the casualty take a semi-upright position

and if there is (a danger) of unconsciousness, a stable side  

position.

Always call a physician to the site of the accident.  

Poisoning symptoms can appear after a period of delay.                                      

Swallowing:

Rinse the mouth and spit the fluids out.                                      

Apply charcoal (3 tablespoons as a suspension in a glass of water).                                      

or:

If the casualty is conscious have him drink copious amounts of liquids (water).                                      

Make the casualty vomit.                                      

Under no circumstances apply cooking oil, castor oil, milk or alcohol                                      

During vomiting hold the head of the casualty low with the

body in a prone position in order to avoid aspiration.

Allways call a physician to the site of the accident.  

Poisoning symptoms can appear after a period of delay.                                      

Information for physicians:

According to animal experiments, 3,4-dichloroaniline is an

efficient MetHb forming substance. The poisoning picture

will be similar to that of aniline; analogous therapeutic

measures need to be taken.  

- Symptoms of acute poisoning:

Eyes: initially weak up to moderate effects (burning,  

reddening), possibly after days lesions to the cornea

(vascularization/opacity)  

Skin: even following contact over a small area danger of

absorptive-toxic effects; minor or no local irritation but

(after a delay) allergic skin reactions possible  [ 07619 ]

Inhalation: absorptive-toxic effects probably without any

warning given by irritation  

Ingestion: initially possibly only nausea, serious

absorptive-toxic effects probable even following low doses

Absorption: dependent on the dose/intake pathway, but

generally very rapidly, methemoglobinemia with cyanosis as

an early sign (initially noticeable on the lips and acral

parts), in early stages possibly also excitation; then with

increasing MetHb level increase of cyanosis, headache,

vertigo, vomiting, tachycardia, dyspnoea (often less

pronounced than expected from the degree of cyanosis);

danger of unconsciousness/coma, cramps, circulatory arrest;

after the acute phase possible hemolysis, functional

disturbances to the kidneys, icterus, consequences of

hypoxia.

- Medical advice:

Following contamination of the eyes with the substance,

careful rinsing should be followed by ophthalmologic further

treatment.

Repeatedly wash contaminated skin with soap and water.

Polyethylene glycol 400 will probably be more effective to

clean the skin and to reduce absorption: apply it

repeatedly, let it act for a short time, then wash it off

with soap and water.  

Watch for contamination under the fingernails etc.

Hospitalize the casualty for detailed diagnosis of

poisoning.  

Following inhalation of vapors, immediate application of

oxygen is indicated, followed by a check in hospital.

Following ingestion, gastrolavage under usual conditions

should be carried out for primary elimination. Prolonged

post treatment with charcoal and sodium sulfate as laxative

(but sodium sulfate is contraindicated when MetHb formation

is already noticeable).

Frequently, because of the danger to life, the

methemoglobinemia should already be treated on the site of

accident by applying a redox dye in addition to necessary

resuscitation and application of oxygen: use toluidine blue

(1 - 4 mg/kg bw, slowly i.v.; repeat this after 30 -

60 minutes if necessary) or thionine (5 - 10 ml 0.2 %

solution); as a substitute methylene blue.

Apply ascorbic acid (about 1 g i.v.) as an adjuvant.

Possibly apply it again later (i.m. or p.o.).

If the patient suffers from G6PDH-deficiency, redox dyes are

ineffective.

Always hospitalize the casualty. Then, as a matter of

urgency, examine the following parameters: MetHb, functions

of the heart/circulatory system, CNS, kidneys, liver and

hemogram. Continuation of the MetHb treatment can become

necessary for several days. In serious cases, blood exchange

transfusion should be considered.

No ethanol whatsoever, not even following slight poisoning.  

Recommendations:

Provide the physician information about the substance/product and treatment already administered.                                      

In workplaces in which exposure to dichloroanilines is

possible, polyethylene glycol (e.g. PEG 400) for skin

cleansing should always be available.  

Note that redox dyes such as MetHb antidotes can initially

increase the cyanotic skin color.

Persons who suffer from G6PDH deficiency and do not react

effectively to redox dyes must be treated by other measures

(blood exchange transfusion).  

These persons should not work in any position where there is

a possibility of exposure to chloroanilines.

Fire-fighting measures

Classes of fires:

 B   Liquid or melting substances

Suitable extinguishing media:

Water (spray - not splash)                                      

Extinguishing powder                                      

Foam                                      

Carbon dioxide                                      

Instructions:

Seek immediate cover in case of sudden release and raising of large quantities of dust.                                      

Cool surrounding containers with water spray.                                      

If possible, take container out of dangerous zone.                                      

Shut off sources of ignition.                                      

Stay on upwind side.                                      

Do not allow runoff to get into the sewage system.                                      

Special protective equipment:

Attention! Hazardous decomposition products may occur.                                      

Nitrous gases (nitric oxides)                                      

Hydrogen chloride                                      

Wear self-contained breathing apparatus.                                      

Wear a special tightly sealed suit.                            

Accidental release measures

Evacuate area. Warn affected surroundings.                                      

The hazardous area may only be entered once suitable protective measures are implemented. Only then can the hazardous situation be removed.                                      

Wear respiratory protection, eye protection, hand protection and body protection (see chapter Personal Protection).                                      

Carefully sweep up, gather and remove. Avoid rising dust.                                      

Afterwards ventilate area and wash spill site.

Handling and storage

TECHNICAL MEASURES - HANDLINGWorkplace:

Work areas should be physically separated if possible.                                      

Provision of very good ventilation in the working area.                                      

The floor should not have a floor drain.                                      

Washing facility at the workplace required.                                      

Eye bath required. These locations must be signposted

clearly.                                      

When handling excessive amounts of the substance an emergency shower is required.                                      

Equipment:

Use only closed apparatus.                                      

If release of the substance cannot be prevented, then it should be suctioned off at the point of exit.                                      

Consider emission limit values, a purification of waste gases if necessary.                                      

Label containers and pipelines clearly.                                      

Advice on safer handling:

Take care to maintain clean working place.                                      

The substance must not be present at workplaces in quantities above that required for work to be progressed.                                      

Do not leave container open.                                      

Use leak-proof equipment with exhaust for refilling or transfer.                                      

Avoid spillage.                                      

Fill only into labelled container.                                      

Avoid any contact when handling the substance.                                      

Avoid rising dust.                                      

Use an appropriate exterior vessel when transporting in fragile containers.                                      

Cleaning and maintenance:

All rooms and equipment have to be cleaned regularly.                                      

Use protective equipment while cleaning if necessary.                                      

Avoid dust formation. Dust formation that cannot be avoided must be collected regularly.                                      

Use tested explosion-proof industrial vacuum cleaners of class H.                                      

Do not raise dust while cleaning.                                      

Use of a blower for cleaning is not permitted.                                      

A device that has become dirty may only be used in other work areas after it has been cleaned.                                      

Only conduct maintenance and other work on or in the vessel or closed spaces after obtaining written permission.                                      

 

TECHNICAL MEASURES - STORAGEStorage:

Keep in locked storage or only make accessible to specialists or their authorised assistants.                                      

Do not use any food containers - risk of mistake.                                      

Containers have to be labelled clearly and permanently.                                      

Store in the original container as much as possible.                                      

Place fragile vessels in break-proof outer vessels.                                      

Keep container tightly closed.                                      

Store in a cool place.                                      

Store in a dry place.                                      

Keep container in a well-ventilated place.                                      

If more than 200 kg of toxic and highly toxic substances are to be stored, or if the proportion of highly toxic substances is more than 50 kg, then follow the rules of  

TRGS 514.                                      

Conditions of collocated storage:

Storage class 6.1 A (Combustible toxic substances)                                      

Only substances of the same storage class should be stored together.                                      

Collocated storage with the following substances is prohibited:

- Pharmaceuticals, foods, and animal feeds including additives.

- Infectious, radioactive und explosive substances.

- Compressed, liquefied or pressure dissolved gases.

- Spontaneously flammable substances.

- Substances liberating flammable gases in contact with water.

- Organic peroxides.

- Oxidizing substances of group 1, TRGS 515.

- Preparations containing ammonium nitrate, TRGS 511.

- Flammable solid substances of storage class 4.1 A.

- Combustible materials, e.g. paper, carton, wood, plastic film.

Under certain conditions the collocated storage with the following substances is permitted (For more details see the Guideline of collocated storage of the VCI):

- Spray bottles.

- Oxidizing substances of group 2 and 3, TRGS 515.

- Combustible solids of storage class 11.

- Flammable solid substances of storage class 4.1 B.

The substance should not be stored with substances with which hazardous chemical reactions are possible.                                      

Transport information

Land transport (UN RTDG/ADR/RID)

UN number:

UN3442

Shipping information

Proper shipping name and description:

Shipping Name: Dichloroanilines, solid

Chemical name:

3,4-DICHLOROANILINE (95-76-1)

Language:

English

Labels:

Required Label(s): 6.1

SpecialProvisions

Inland waterway transport (UN RTDG/ADN(R))

UN number:

UN3442

Shipping information

Proper shipping name and description:

Shipping Name: Dichloroanilines, solid

Chemical name:

3,4-DICHLOROANILINE (95-76-1)

Language:

English

Labels:

Required Label(s): 6.1

Remarks

Marine transport (UN RTDG/IMDG)

UN number:

UN3442

Shipping information

Proper shipping name and description:

Shipping Name: Dichloroanilines, solid

Chemical name:

3,4-DICHLOROANILINE (95-76-1)

Labels:

Required Label(s): 6.1

Marine pollutant

Remarks

Air transport (UN RTDG/ICAO/IATA)

UN number:

UN3442

Shipping information

Proper shipping name and description:

Shipping Name: Dichloroanilines, solid

Chemical name:

3,4-DICHLOROANILINE (95-76-1)

Labels:

Required Label(s): 6.1

Remarks

SpecialProvisions

Exposure controls / personal protection

Body protection:

Depending on the risk, wear a tight, long apron and boots or suitable chemical protection clothing.                                      

Wear dust tight protective clothing.                                      

Respiratory protection:

In an emergency (e.g.: unintentional release of the substance) respiratory protection must be worn. Consider the maximum period for wear.                                      

Respiratory protection: Gas filter A, Colour code brown.

For details on the requirements and the maximum concentrations for use, consult the "Regeln für den Einsatz von Atemschutzgeräten" (BGR 190).

                                     

Perhaps also necessary for improved protection:                                      

Respiratory protection: Combination filter A - P2 or A - P3, recommended A - P3, colour code: brown-white.

For details on the requirements and the maximum concentrations for use, consult the "Regeln für den Einsatz von Atemschutzgeräten" (BGR 190).                                      

Respiratory protection: insulating device.

Use for concentrations above the usage limits for filter devices, for oxygen concentrations below 17% volume, or in circumstances which are unclear.                                      

Eye protection:

Sufficient eye protection must be worn.                                      

Wear chemical safety goggles.                                      

Hand protection:

Use protective gloves. The glove material must be sufficiently impermeable and resistant to the substance.                                      

Check the tightness before wear. Gloves should be well cleaned before being removed, then stored in a well ventilated location. Pay attention to skin care.                                      

The following materials are suitable for protective gloves (Permeation time >= 8 hours):                                      

Butyl rubber - Butyl (0,5 mm)                                      

Fluoro carbon rubber - FKM (0,4 mm)                                      

 

The times listed are suggested by measurements taken at

22 degree C and constant contact. Temperatures raised

by warmed substances, body heat, etc. and a weakening of

the effective layer thickness caused by expansion can lead

to a significantly shorter breakthrough time.

In case of doubt contact the gloves' manufacturer.

A 1.5-times increase / decrease in the layer thickness

doubles / halves the breakthrough time. This data only

applies to the pure substance. Transferred to mixtures of

substances, these figures should only be taken as an aid

to orientation.                                      

Skin protection:

Skin protection preparations do not protect sufficiently against the substance. Wear protective gloves.                                      

The skin must be washed with soap and water before breaks and at the end of work.                                      

Apply fatty skin-care products after washing.                                      

Industrial hygiene:

If at risk of contamination, foods, beverages and other articles of consumption must not be stored or consumed at the work areas. Special areas are to be designated for these purposes.                                      

Avoid contact with skin. Do not allow the substance or its solution to dry on the skin. In case of contact wash skin.                                      

Avoid contact with eyes. In case of contact rinse the affected eye(s).                                      

Avoid inhalation of vapour/dust.                                      

Avoid contact with clothing. Contaminated clothes must be exchanged and cleaned carefully.                                      

Before a break it might be necessary to change clothes.                                      

Provide washrooms with showers and if possible rooms with separate storage for street clothing and work clothing.

Disposal considerations

Hazardous waste according to Waste Catalogue Ordinance (AVV).                                      

If there is no way of recycling it must be disposed of in compliance with the respective national and local regulations.                                      

 

Collection of small amounts of substance:                                      

Collect in container for toxic, flammable compounds.                                      

Do not put/place waste into sink or dust bin.                                      

Collection vessels must be clearly labelled with a systematic description of their contents and with the hazard symbol and the R and S phrases. Store the vessels in a well-ventilated location. Entrust them to the appropriate authorities for disposal.