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EC number: 402-170-5 | CAS number: 106359-91-5 C.I. REACTIVE YELLOW 174; GIALLO REATTIVO 174; JAUNE REACTIF 174; REAKTIV GELB 174
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
The test substance is sensitiser to skin.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin sensitisation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation: in vivo (LLNA)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 08 February 2006 to 08 March 2006
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 429 (Skin Sensitisation: Local Lymph Node Assay)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPPTS 870.2600 (Skin Sensitisation)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Type of study:
- mouse local lymph node assay (LLNA)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Substance name: C.I. Reactive Yellow 174
Item No.: 1897214 from synthesis: 631178/174
Stability: 19.01.2010
Storage: at room temperature - Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- CBA
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan Winkelmann GmbH, D-33178 Borchen.
- Age at study initiation: 6-12 weeks
- Housing: The animals were kept in groups in Macrolon-cages on Lignocel bedding
- Diet: Feeding ad libitum, ssniff R/M-H, 10 mm VI534-000 complete diet for rats/mice, totally-pathogen-free (TPF)
- Water: Free access to tap water (drinking water, municipal residue control, microbiol. controlled periodically)
- Acclimation period: 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22 ± 3
- Humidity (%): 55 ± 10
- Air changes (per hr): at least 10 x / hour
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): Artificial light, sequence being 12 hours light, 12 hours dark - Vehicle:
- other: AOO (3+1 (v/v) Acetone/Olive Oil).
- No. of animals per dose:
- 5
- Positive control substance(s):
- other: P-Phenylenediamine (CAS 106-50-3, Sigma GmbH, purity >98 %) at a concentration of 1 % (w/v) in AOO (3+1 (v/v) Acetone/Olive Oil) served as positive control.
- Positive control results:
- Mean ear thickness of the positive control group was 0.19 and 0.20 mm at Day 1 and Day 6, respectively. While the mean weights of the lymph nodes was 5.5 mg. The stimulation of the positive control (Phenylenediamine) at a concentration of 1 % was 9.9.
- Parameter:
- SI
- Value:
- 7.8
- Test group / Remarks:
- Concentration level 15 %
- Parameter:
- SI
- Value:
- 5.5
- Test group / Remarks:
- Concentration level 9 %
- Parameter:
- SI
- Value:
- 3.3
- Test group / Remarks:
- Concentration level 3 %
- Parameter:
- SI
- Value:
- 4.2
- Test group / Remarks:
- Concentration level 1 %
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1B (indication of skin sensitising potential) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- FAT 40224 (C.I. Reactive Yellow 174) has shown skin sensitizing properties in LLNA study in mice.
- Executive summary:
The LLNA study in CBA female mice was carried out with FAT 40224 according to OECD guideline 429. Five female mice were used per concentration. Four concentrations were chosen to gain a wide spectrum for the test design: Due to results of a solubility test and in consultation with the sponsor, the test item was assayed at concentrations of 15 %, 9 %, 3 % and 1 % (w/v). Additionally a positive control for verifying the functionality of the current test run was carried along. The vehicle was AOO (3+1 (v/v) Acetone/Olive Oil). Stability of the test item in the vehicle was proven. Each mouse was treated by topical application of the prepared test item to the entire dorsal surface of each ear once daily over three consecutive days. Five days after the first topical application all mice were injected intravenously with 3H-methyl thymidine. Directly prior to the first application and shortly before excising the lymph nodes the thickness of both ears from all animals was measured. This is to exclude irritating properties of the test item, which may lead to false positive results.
Mean Ear thickness at: day 1 day 6
of the 15 % group was 0.21 mm 0.22 mm
of the 9 % group was 0.21 mm 0.21 mm
of the 3 % group was 0.20 mm 0.21 mm
of the 1 % group was 0.22 mm 0.22 mm
of the negative control group was 0.20 mm 0.20 mm
of the positive control group was 0.19 mm 0.20 mm
Approximately 5 hours after 3H-methyl thymidine-injection all mice were sacrificed and the draining "auricular lymph nodes" were excised and weighed individually.
The mean weights of the lymph nodes
for the 15 % group was 4.7 mg
for the 9 % group was 4.5 mg
for the 3 % group was 3.7 mg
for the 1 % group was 3.9 mg
for the negative control-group was 2.6 mg
for the positive control-group was 5.5 mg
A single cell suspension of the lymph node cells for each animal was prepared. The 3H-methyl thymidine - incorporation was measured in a ßcounter and expressed as the number of disintegrations per minute (DPM). Determination of radioactivity was performed individually for each animal. The proliferative response of lymph node cells was calculated as the ratio of 3H-methyl thymidine - incorporation into lymph node cells of test group animals relative to that recorded for control group animals. A stimulation index, ratio of test item / negative control, was calculated for each concentration.
The stimulation index at a concentration 15, 9, 3 and 1 % was 7.8, 5.5, 3.3 and 4.2 respectively.
The stimulation of the positive control (Phenylenediamine) at a concentration of 1 % was 9.9.
All animals showed the expected weight development, which includes a weight loss of up to 2 g throughout the study. At the daily clinical observation the animals did not show any visible clinical symptoms.
The EC3 value could not be calculated as the stimulation indices of all concentrations were above 3. This finding was confirmed by the second endpoint, the weight of the lymph nodes, as all of the test groups showed increased lymph node weights compared to the control group. Based on the study results, FAT 40224 (C.I. Reactive Yellow 174) has shown skin sensitizing properties in LLNA study in mice under the given experimental conditions.
- Endpoint:
- skin sensitisation: in vivo (non-LLNA)
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 19 August 1986 to 19 September 1986
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Remarks:
- non GLP test
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 406 (Skin Sensitisation)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.6 (Skin Sensitisation)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of study:
- guinea pig maximisation test
- Justification for non-LLNA method:
- Data from a reliable in vivo test conducted before the enforcement of Commission Regulation (EU) 640/2012 of 06 July 2012 amending, for the purpose of its adaptation to technical progress, Regulation (EC) No 440/2008 laying down test methods pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) are available.
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch number of test material:
TZ 2382/8
- Expiration date of the lot/batch:
May 1987
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Solubility of the test substance in the solvent/dispersant/vehicle/test medium:
solubility in water >100 g/l - Species:
- guinea pig
- Strain:
- other: Pirbright White Strain (Tif: DHP)
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: CIBA-GEIGY LTD. Tierfarm, 4334 Sisseln, Switzerland
- Age at study initiation: approx. 10 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation: 305 to 416 g
- Housing: The animals were housed individually in Macrolon cages (Type3).
- Diet: The animals received ad libitum standard guinea pig pellets - NAFAG No.846, Gossau SG.
- Water: Fresh water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 9 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 22±3
- Humidity (%): 30-70
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hours light cycle day - Route:
- intradermal
- Vehicle:
- other: NaCl
- Concentration / amount:
- 1 % / 0.1 ml
- Day(s)/duration:
- Day 1
- Adequacy of induction:
- highest technically applicable concentration used
- Route:
- epicutaneous, occlusive
- Vehicle:
- other: Vaseline
- Concentration / amount:
- approx. 0.4 g paste of 30 %
Challenge
Dose of application : approx. 0.2 g paste of 10 % FAT 40224/B in vaseline. - Day(s)/duration:
- Day 8
- Adequacy of induction:
- highest concentration used causing mild-to-moderate skin irritation and well-tolerated systemically
- Route:
- epicutaneous, occlusive
- Vehicle:
- other: vaseline
- Concentration / amount:
- 10 % / 0.2g
- Day(s)/duration:
- Day 21
- Adequacy of challenge:
- highest non-irritant concentration
- No. of animals per dose:
- 10/sex
- Details on study design:
- A. INDUCTION EXPOSURE
The induction was a two-stage operation. First, intradermal injections (into the neck region); second, closed patch exposure over the injection sites one week later.
First Induction intradermal application:
Three pairs of intradermal injections (0.1 mL per injection) were made simultaneously into the shaved neck of the guinea pigs as follows:
- adjuvant and saline (1:1)
- test compound FAT 40224/B in NaCl
- test compound FAT 40224/B in the adjuvant saline mixture
Concentration of FAT 40224/B in NaCl and adjuvant mixture: 1 %.
Second Induction, epidermal application
One week later FAT 40224/B was incorporated in vaseline and applied on a filter paper patch to the neck of the animals (patch 2 x 4 cm; occluded administration for 48 hours). The application sites were pretreated the day before with 10 % sodium lauryl sulfate (open application). Dose of application: approx. 0.4 g paste of 30 % FAT 40224/B in vaseline
B. CHALLENGE EXPOSURE
Two weeks after the epidermal induction application the animals were tested on the flank with FAT 40224/B in vaseline and the vehicle alone (patch 2 x 2 cm; occluded administration for 24 hours). Dose of application: approx. 0.2 g paste of 10 % FAT 40224/B in vaseline. The concentration of the test compound for the induction and challenge periods were determined on separate animals.
A control group was treated with adjuvant and the vehicle during the induction period. During the challenge period the group was treated with the vehicle as well as with the test compound (at least 10 animals) to control the maximal subirritant concentration of the test compound in adjuvant treated animals.
Twenty four hours after removing the dressings, the challenge reactions were graded according to the Draize scoring scale. A second evaluation was made 48 hours after removing the dressings. The sensitizing potential of FAT 40224/B was classified according to the grading of Magnusson and Kligman. The body weight was recorded at start and end of the test. - Positive control substance(s):
- no
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 24
- Group:
- negative control
- Dose level:
- 0 %
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 1st reading; Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: negative control. Dose level: 10 %. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 20.0.
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- negative control
- Dose level:
- 0 %
- No. with + reactions:
- 0
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 2nd reading; Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: negative control. Dose level: 10 %. No with. + reactions: 0.0. Total no. in groups: 20.0.
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 24
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- 10 %
- No. with + reactions:
- 17
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 1st reading; Hours after challenge: 24.0. Group: test group. Dose level: 10 %. No with. + reactions: 17.0. Total no. in groups: 20.0.
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- test chemical
- Dose level:
- 10 %
- No. with + reactions:
- 17
- Total no. in group:
- 20
- Remarks on result:
- other: Reading: 2nd reading; Hours after challenge: 48.0. Group: test group. Dose level: 10 %. No with. + reactions: 17.0. Total no. in groups: 20.0.
- Reading:
- 1st reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 24
- Group:
- positive control
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Reading:
- 2nd reading
- Hours after challenge:
- 48
- Group:
- positive control
- Remarks on result:
- not measured/tested
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 1A (indication of significant skin sensitising potential) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- FAT 40224/B showed an extreme grade of skin-sensitizing (contact allergenic) potential in albino guinea pigs.
- Executive summary:
In a skin sensitization study, performed according to OECD guideline 406, Pirbright White strain guinea pigs were treated with FAT 40224/B. The test was performed on 10 male and 10 female animals per group. The induction was a two-stage operation. For the first induction three pairs of intradermal injections (0.1 ml per injection) were made simultaneously into the shaved neck of the guinea pigs as follows: 1) adjuvant and saline (1:1), 2) test substance in NaCl, 3) test substance in the adjuvant saline mixture. The concentration of test substance in NaCl and adjuvant mixture was 1 %. Second induction was performed one week later by epidermal application over the injection sites. The test substance was incorporated in vaseline and applied on a filter paper patch to the neck of the animals (occluded administration for 48 hours). The application sites were pretreated the day before with 10 % sodium lauryl sulfate (open application). Dose of application was approx. 0.4 g paste of 30 % test substance in vaseline. Two weeks after the epidermal induction application the animals were tested on the flank with test substance in vaseline and the vehicle alone (occluded administration for 24 hours), approx. 0.2 g paste of 10 % test substance in vaseline. A control group was treated with adjuvant and the vehicle during the induction period. During the challenge period the group was treated with the vehicle as well as with the test compound (at least 10 animals). Twenty four hours and 48 hours after removing the dressings, the challenge reactions were graded according to the Draize scoring scale. Under the experimental conditions employed, 85 % of the animals of the test group showed skin reactions 24 and 48 hours after removing the dressings. The test substance is, therefore, classified as an extreme sensitizer in albino guinea pigs according to the grading of Magnusson and Kligman.
Referenceopen allclose all
Four concentrations were chosen to gain a wide spectrum for the test design: Due to results of a solubility test and in consultation with the sponsor, the test item was assayed at concentrations of 15 %, 9 %, 3 % and 1 % (w/v). Additionally a positive control for verifying the functionality of the current test run was carried along.
The vehicle was AOO (3+1 (v/v) Acetone/Olive Oil). Stability of the test item in the vehicle was proven. Each mouse was treated by topical application of the prepared test item to the entire dorsal surface of each ear once daily over three consecutive days. Five days after the first topical application all mice were injected intravenously with 3H-methyl thymidine. Directly prior to the first application and shortly before excising the lymph nodes the thickness of both ears from all animals was measured. This is to exclude irritating properties of the test item, which may lead to false positive results.
Mean Ear thickness at: day 1 day 6
of the 15 % group was 0.21 mm 0.22 mm
of the 9 % group was 0.21 mm 0.21 mm
of the 3 % group was 0.20 mm 0.21 mm
of the 1 % group was 0.22 mm 0.22 mm
of the negative control group was 0.20 mm 0.20 mm
of the positive control group was 0.19 mm 0.20 mm
Approximately 5 hours after 3H-methyl thymidine-injection all mice were sacrificed and the draining "auricular lymph nodes" were excised and weighed individually.
The mean weights of the lymph nodes
for the 15 % group was 4.7 mg
for the 9 % group was 4.5 mg
for the 3 % group was 3.7 mg
for the 1 % group was 3.9 mg
for the negative control-group was 2.6 mg
for the positive control-group was 5.5 mg
A single cell suspension of the lymph node cells for each animal was prepared. The 3H-methyl thymidine - incorporation was measured in a ß-counter and expressed as the number of disintegrations per minute (DPM). Determination of radioactivity was performed individually for each animal.
The proliferative response of lymph node cells was calculated as the ratio of 3H-methyl thymidine - incorporation into lymph node cells of test group animals relative to that recorded for control group animals. A stimulation index, ratio of test item / negative control, was calculated for each concentration.
The stimulation index at a concentration 15, 9, 3 and 1 % was 7.8, 5.5, 3.3 and 4.2 respectively.
The stimulation of the positive control (Phenylenediamine) at a concentration of 1 % was 9.9.
All animals showed the expected weight development, which includes a weight loss of up to 2 g throughout the study. At the daily clinical observation the animals did not show any visible clinical symptoms.
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (sensitising)
- Additional information:
In a key skin sensitization study, performed according to OECD guideline 406, guinea pigs were treated with test substance or vehicle. The induction was a two-stage operation. For the first induction three pairs of intradermal injections (0.1 mL per injection) were made into the shaved neck of the guinea pigs as follows: 1) adjuvant and vehicle, 2) test substance in saline, 3) test substance in the adjuvant vehicle mixture. The concentration of test substance in vehicle and adjuvant mixture was 1 %. Second induction was performed one week later by, epidermal application over the injection sites. The test substance was applied on a filter paper patch to the injection sites of the animals (administration for 48 hours). The dose of application was approximately 30 % test substance in the first study (CG 1986) and 25% in the second study (RCC 1988). Two weeks after the epidermal induction application the animals were tested on the flank with test substance (10 %) and the vehicle alone, 24 hour administration. Twenty four hours after removing the dressings, the challenge reactions were graded. A second evaluation was made 48 hours after removing the dressings. A second challenge was performed in study two (RCC 1988) equal to that described for the first challenge with the exception that the flanks were changed. Under the experimental conditions employed, 17 out of 20 animals of the test group showed skin reactions 24 and 48 hours after removing the dressings in study one (CG 1986). However, in the second study (RCC 1988) nine respectively eight animals from the test group (20 animals) showed positive reactions after the 24 and 48 hours reading and after the second challenge twelve respectively eleven animals showed positive reactions after the 24 and 48 hours reading out of the 20 animals tested. The allergenic potency of the test article is considered to be of a moderate grade following the grading of Magnusson and Kligman.
In LLNA study, the stimulation index at a concentration 15, 9, 3 and 1 % was 7.8, 5.5, 3.3 and 4.2 respectively. The stimulation of the positive control (Phenylenediamine) at a concentration of 1 % was 9.9. All animals showed the expected weight development, which includes a weight loss of up to 2 g throughout the study. At the daily clinical observation the animals did not show any visible clinical symptoms.
Respiratory sensitisation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the findings in the skin sensitisation study, the test substance should be classified as Skin Sensitiser 1A according to EU Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures (CLP) Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.
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