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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 937-158-3 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
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Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
C14-20 Aliphatics (≤2% aromatic) are poorly soluble in water and made of constituents with various water solubilities. As a consequence, most studies are performed with "Water Accomodated Fractions" (WAFs) and the results must be expressed as "loading rates" instead of "concentrations".
Short-term toxicity to fish
The fish were exposed to water accomodated fractions (WAFs) and the results expressed as loading rates. The reported LL50values for C14-20 Aliphatics (≤2% aromatic) range from 0 >1028 mg/L to >70 g/L. No LC50could be derived from acute short-term studies as they were only based on loading. The risk assessment was performed using the Petrorisk model.
Long-term toxicity to fish
Petrotox calculations determined that for all substances from C14-20 Aliphatics (≤2% aromatic) were not toxic to fish. Results of computer modelling to estimate chronicity in 28 -day freshwater fish study, based on growth, show that Hydrocarbons, C14 -C20, aliphatics (≤2% aromatics) will not produce toxicity at or below its maximum attainable water solubility.
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
C14-20 Aliphatics (≤2% aromatic) are poorly soluble and made of constituents with various water solubility. As a consequence, the exposures were performed with Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs). Therefore, the results are based on nominal loadings and the LC50 value given below is actually a LL50 (lethal loading) value. No LC50 could be derived from the acute toxicity studies.
The water accommodated fraction (WAF) of Hydrocarbons, C11-C14, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics did not produce a 50% effect (mortality) with Chaetogammarus marinus at a loading of 10,000 mg/L after a 96-hour exposure. Therefore, the 96-hour LL50 is reported as >10,000 mg/L. There was no mortality at the 10,000 mg/L loading level after 96 hours. Therefore, the 96-hour NOELR for mortality is reported as 10,000 mg/L. There was also no mortality in the control.
The water accommodated fraction (WAF) of Hydrocarbons, C11-C14, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics did not produce a 50% effect (immobility) with Daphnia magna at a loading of 1000 mg/L after a 48-hour exposure. Therefore, the 48-hour LL50 is reported as >1000 mg/L. There was no mortality at the 1000 mg/L loading level after 48 hours. Therefore, the 48-hour LL0 for mortality is reported as 1000 mg/L. There was also no mortality in the control.
Many study reports that investigated the toxicity of the substance Hydrocarbons, C14-C18, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, ≤2% aromatics on a marine copepod, Acartia tonsa exposed to water accommodated fractions (WAFs) are available. Several studies indicate very high values (up to 69155 mg in Altin, 1998b), In most of the studies the calculation of LL50 could not be achieved because of the low mortality levels obtained (Aunaas, 1996a and c; Larsen, 2006a, b, d and e; 2008a-c). When more than 5 values are available for LL50, the geometric mean of all the values is considered for LL50. However, in this particular case, as a great number of studies could not achieve the calculation of LL50, the geometric mean cannot be calculated, but 9 studies among 11 found that LL50 was greater than 3000 mg/L. Therefore, it is considered that LL50 is >3000 mg/L.
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
The aquatic toxicity of was estimated using the Petrotox computer model, which combines a partitioning model used to calculate the aqueous concentration of hydrocarbon components as a function of substance loading with the Target Lipid Model used to calculate acute and chronic toxicity of non-polar narcotic chemicals. Petrotox computes toxicity based on the summation of the aqueous-phase concentrations of hydrocarbon block(s) that represent a hydrocarbon substance and membrane-water partitioning coefficients (KMW) that describe the partitioning of the hydrocarbons between the water and organism.
The 21-d NOELR for aquatic invertebrates, Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia, based on reproduction was found to be >100 mg/L and >1000 mg/L, respectively according to Petrotox calculations. The experimental studies could not determine LL50.
Toxicity to algae and cyanobacteria
Fourteen study reports were available for this end-point, all dealing with the toxicity of the substance Hydrocarbons, C14-C18, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, < 2% aromatics on algae growth rate. All the studies used the marine species Skeletonema costatum. None of the studies allowed calculating 48h-EL50 that was never reached. All LL50 are superior to 10000 mg/L based on WAF studies.
Growth of an alga culture,Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata, as measured by biomass and growth rate, exposed to a 1000 mg/L water accommodated fraction of Hydrocarbons, C11-C14, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <2% aromatics was not inhibited when compared to the control after a 72-hour exposure. Therefore, the 72-hr EL50 and NOELR values for these two endpoints are reported as >1000 mg/L and 1000 mg/L, respectively.
Toxicity to microorganisms
Hydrocarbons, C14-C20, aliphatics, ≤2% aromatics were not found to be toxic for aquatic microorganisms (LC50 >100 mg/L).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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