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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 940-591-0 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Carcinogenicity
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- carcinogenicity
- Remarks:
- intraperitoneal
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- disregarded due to major methodological deficiencies
- Study period:
- started before 1976, apparently continued until 1987
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Documentation insufficient for assessment: No information on hygiene conditions during preparation of injection suspensions. Fibres treated with HCl of NaOH were far less carcinogenic than their untreated counterparts e.g. chrysotile. Applied doses were put into question 3 years befor this publication, and apparently, the matter was not resolved when the publication was submitted (and this question not resolved in an unpublished presentation a decade later) Inconsistent interpretation of data: It is not possible to exclude carcinogenic effect just from dose of carcinogen.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Carcinogenicity studies on fibres, metal compounds, and some other dusts in rats.
- Author:
- Pott F, Ziem U, Reiffer FJ, Huth F, Ernst H, Mohr U
- Year:
- 1 987
- Bibliographic source:
- Experimental Pathology 32(3), 129-152
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- i.p. injection of inorganic material
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Ferrous slags
- IUPAC Name:
- Ferrous slags
- Details on test material:
- 2 slag wools:
1st slag wool: fibre length 26 µm, diameter 2.6 µ. Slag produced by Rheinstahl in Gelsenkirchen, Germany, presumably mixture of ABS, BOS, and SMS
2nd slag wool: fibre length 14 µm, diameter 1.5 µm. Slag wool produced by Zimmermann, Sprockhövel 2, ABS
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Wistar
- Sex:
- female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- 15 w old females. Pelleted diet and water ad libitum
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- intraperitoneal
- Type of inhalation exposure (if applicable):
- other: i.p. 2 mL, 1st injection week 15 of rat life, 2nd injection one week later
- Vehicle:
- other: 0.9 % w/w NaCl solution in water (saline)
- Details on exposure:
- dispersion of slag fibres in water by 1-3 min of ultrasonic
- Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- no
- Details on analytical verification of doses or concentrations:
- Not clear: In a presentaion of 1977 the doses of fibres in the experiments are put into question, and in 1987 the matter is apparently not resolved
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 2 injections, life-long monitoring
- Frequency of treatment:
- 2x i.p. each 2 ml 0.9 % NaCl with each 20 mg of fibres (it is reported to be 20 µm)
- Post exposure period:
- life span after 1st treatment (2 slags, if only one number reported: same value for both slags)
20 %: 94 w
50 %: 107-111 w
80 %: 127-129 w
100 %: 165 w
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
Basis:
analytical conc.
Dertermined by specialist
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 1st slag: 99
2nd slag: 96 - Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control:
- Chrysotile (not treated): 77.1 - 80.6 % of animals developed tumors
Examinations
- Sacrifice and pathology:
- animals in bad health were killed
as number of animals the number of animals was counted which died of bad health and those which were sacrificed. Animals lost during anaesthesia or due to cannibalism were not taken into account
Results and discussion
Results of examinations
- Clinical signs:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- (Not commented by authors of the study) Treated group 50percentile 107-111 w in comparison to control group 101 w
- Mortality:
- no mortality observed
- Description (incidence):
- (Not commented by authors of the study) Treated group 50percentile 107-111 w in comparison to control group 101 w
- Body weight and weight changes:
- not specified
- Food consumption and compound intake (if feeding study):
- not examined
- Description (incidence and severity):
- no feeding study
- Food efficiency:
- not examined
- Description (incidence and severity):
- no feeding study (diet ad libitum)
- Water consumption and compound intake (if drinking water study):
- not examined
- Description (incidence and severity):
- no drinking water study
- Ophthalmological findings:
- not specified
- Haematological findings:
- not specified
- Clinical biochemistry findings:
- not specified
- Urinalysis findings:
- not specified
- Behaviour (functional findings):
- not specified
- Organ weight findings including organ / body weight ratios:
- not specified
- Gross pathological findings:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: non-neoplastic:
- effects observed, treatment-related
- Histopathological findings: neoplastic:
- no effects observed
- Description (incidence and severity):
- Tumor incidence: 1st slag wool: 6.1 %, 2nd slag wool 2.1 %. Not significantly different from controls which are in this series of studies 0 % but in similar studies up to some %.
- Relevance of carcinogenic effects / potential:
- The cancer incidences observed were not different from the controls, and suggest that ferrous slags do not have a carcinogenic potential
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Ferrous slags are not carcinogenic
- Executive summary:
Ferrous slags in the form of two slag wools were tested for their carcinogenic potential by i.p. injection in rats. At week 15, approximately 100 female rats/group were injected fibres in 2 ml 0.9 % w/w saline. A second injection was made 1 week later. The rats were carefully examined after their remaining life span, and the incidence of tumors determined. Animals that died due to cannibalism were not taken into account.
The tumor incidence for saline controls is 0 % and in similar experiments up to 2 %. The tumor incidence for the 1st slag wool is 6.1 %, for the 2nd slag wool 2.1 %. The slag wools tested have no significant carcinogenic effect.
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