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EC number: 692-448-4 | CAS number: 170621-28-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 12 Mar - 20 Aug 2012
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 23 Mar 2006, Annex 5 corrected 28 Jul 2011
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 24 Aug 2009
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: OECD Guidance No. 23, Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances and Mixtures
- Version / remarks:
- adopted 14 Dec 2000
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Remarks:
- Rheinland-Pfalz, Landesamt für Umwelt, Wasserwirtschaft ud Gewerbeaufsicht, Mainz, Germany
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Concentrations: all test concentrations
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
One day before start of the test, the test solutions were prepared. This was done by weighing the respective nominal load, i.e. 4.6, 10, 22, 4.6 and 100 mg/L, adding the corresponding amount of dilution water (1000 mL) and shaking vigorously for 24 hours. The resulting solutions were filtrated through 0.45 µm filters. Each treatment loading rate was prepared separately and split into three aliquots for each replicate. In addition a dilution water control was prepared in parallel. - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Green alga.
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): The culture of Desmodesmus subspicatus was obtained in Oct 2011 from MBM Science-bridge GmbH (Institut für Pflanzenphysiologie of Universität Göttingen). The algae are kept as stock culture on solid agar at 8 °C. From the stock culture, a permanent culture was prepared. From an aliquot of the permanent culture, the pre-culture was prepared.
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): Three days before the start of the test, an aliquot of the stock culture containing a few cells was brought into pre-culture medium and incubated for 72 hours. The resulting culture was growing exponentially. Before usage, the culture was checked on the absence of cell aggregates. After the adjustment to a cell concentration of about 2 - 5 x10^4/mL through photometric measurement and addition of algal medium the culture was usable for the test. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 24 °C
- pH:
- 7.6 to 8.6 in the control and 7.9 – 9.2 in the test solutions
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- control, 4.6, 10, 22, 46 and 100 mg/L (nominal)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass flasks 50 mL, fill volume 45 ± 5 mL
- Initial cells density: 2-5 x10^4 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 7 x10^5 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes (OECD medium)
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: deionised water
- Culture medium different from test medium: yes. The algae are kept as stock culture on solid agar.
- Intervals of water quality measurement: temperature each 24h, pH at the start and at the end
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Photoperiod: continuous light
- Light intensity and quality: 4800 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable):
- Determination of cell concentrations: spectrophotometer, 440 nm, every 24 hours
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: ca. 2.2 - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Remarks:
- loading rate
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks:
- , biomass and yield
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOELR
- Effect conc.:
- 46 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (dissolved fraction)
- Remarks:
- loading rate
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks:
- , biomass and yield
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control (for algal test): yes
- Observation of abnormalities (for algal test): none
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: Algal growth was higher in the treatments 4.6 to 46 mg/L than in the control. At 100 mg/L a significant inhibition of growth was observed. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- 72h ErC50: 1.40 mg/L - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- For the treatments with the nominal test item concentrations 46 mg/L and 100 mg/L , it was tested whether the differences between treatment and control were significant. The values for the area under the curve, Yield and the growth rate were used for the assessment of observed effect levels. In order to select a suitable test for significance, it was checked whether equality of variance was given. If equality of variance was given, the t-test was used; else, the WEIR test was used.
Reference
Table 1: Measured Al concentrations in mg/L
Test concentration (nominal) |
Measured Al Conc 0 h |
Measured Al Conc 72 h |
Recovery |
geom. Mean. |
mg/L |
mg/L |
mg/L |
% |
mg/L |
0 |
< LOQ |
< LOQ |
- |
- |
4.6 |
0.07 |
0.06 |
80.88 |
0.06 |
10 |
0.15 |
0.13 |
84.31 |
0.14 |
22 |
0.35 |
0.31 |
87.57 |
0.33 |
46 |
0.57 |
0.41 |
72.13 |
0.48 |
100 |
0.55 |
0.43 |
77.84 |
0.48 |
LOQ = 0.025 mg/L (after 10 fold enrichment)
Table 2: Results stability in algal test medium (Al), mg/L
Time |
Conc. Al mean 1 |
Conc. Al mean 2 |
Mean |
Oh |
1.66 |
1.70 |
1.68 |
72 h |
1.54 |
1.46 |
1.50 |
Stability (= Mean 72h / Mean Oh) |
89% |
Table 3: Results stability in algal test medium (V), mg/L
Time |
Conc. V mean 1 |
Conc. V mean 2 |
Mean |
Oh |
0.262 |
0.273 |
0.268 |
72 h |
0.278 |
0.296 |
0.287 |
Stability (= Mean 72h / Mean Oh) |
107% |
Table 4: Cell number/mL in main study
Nominal concentration in mg/L |
Parameter |
Cell number/mL |
|||
|
|
0 h |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
0 |
Mean |
2206 |
26104 |
122065 |
443406 |
0 |
SD |
0 |
3800 |
12176 |
22840 |
4.6 |
Mean |
2206 |
26472 |
147434 |
522822 |
4.6 |
SD |
0 |
1103 |
12688 |
50630 |
10 |
Mean |
2206 |
31252 |
148905 |
506645 |
10 |
SD |
0 |
4458 |
25797 |
40442 |
22 |
Mean |
2206 |
28678 |
129786 |
503336 |
22 |
SD |
0 |
1910 |
14975 |
13159 |
46 |
Mean |
2206 |
29413 |
129786 |
500027 |
46 |
SD |
0 |
2547 |
8279 |
47982 |
100 |
Mean |
2206 |
29413 |
109197 |
251484 |
100 |
SD |
0 |
1274 |
23163 |
87221 |
Table 5: Growth rate µ, area under the curve AUC, yield
Nom. Concentration in mg/L |
Meas. Concentration in mg/L |
|
Growth Rate [day-1] |
AUC |
Yield |
0 |
- |
Mean |
1.77 |
364358 |
441200 |
SD |
0.02 |
25178 |
22840 |
||
4.6 |
0.06 |
Mean |
1.82 |
429802 |
520616 |
SD |
0.03 |
37834 |
50630 |
||
10 |
0.14 |
Mean |
1.81 |
427964 |
504439 |
SD |
0.03 |
45314 |
40442 |
||
22 |
0.33 |
Mean |
1.81 |
404617 |
501130 |
SD |
0.01 |
16548 |
13159 |
||
46 |
0.48 |
Mean |
1.81 |
403698 |
497821 |
SD |
0.03 |
27426 |
47982 |
||
100 |
0.48 |
Mean |
1.56 |
258837 |
249278 |
SD |
0.13 |
65478 |
87221 |
Table 6: Inhibition values main study
Nominal Concentration in mg/L |
% Inhibition |
||
|
Growth Rate [x] |
Area under the Curve AUC |
Yield |
0 |
0! |
0! |
0! |
4.6 |
-3.07 |
-17.96 |
-18.00 |
10 |
-2.50 |
-17.46 |
-14.33 |
22 |
-2.41 |
-11.05 |
-13.58 |
46 |
-2.23 |
-10.80 |
-12.83 |
100 |
11.59 |
28.96 |
43.50 |
Description of key information
EL50 (72h, growth rate) > 100 mg/L (nominal, loading rate) (OECD 201, Desmodesmus subspicatus)
NOELR (72h, growth rate) = 46 mg/L (nominal, loading rate) (OECD 201, Desmodesmus subspicatus)
The measured concentrations for Al were 0.06 - 0.48 mg/L (geom. mean)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 46 mg/L
Additional information
One study according to OECD 201 and GLP is available to evaluate the acute toxicity of aluminium magnesium vanadium oxide to freshwater green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus at nominal concentrations ranging from 4.6 to 100 mg/L (2013). The substance has a low water solubility and therefore the test solution was prepared by adding the appropriate test item to 1 liter of dilution water. After shaking vigorously for 24 hours the resulting solution was filtrated through 0.45 μm filters. Following this, the filtrates were used for the main test without dilution. The test solutions included the dilution water control and nominal loading rates of 4.6, 10, 22, 46, and 100 mg/L test item. The corresponding mean measured concentrations for Al were 0.06, 0.14, 0.33, 0.48, 0.48 mg/L (geom. mean measured). Each treatment loading rate was prepared separately and split into four aliquots for each replicate respectively. Al was determined in the test solutions using AAS. The concentrations remained stable in the test medium over the study period of 72 h. In a preliminary limit test with a loading of 100 mg/L vanadium was not detectable in the test solutions at the start of the study. Therefore, it is considered that the vanadium concentration in the test solutions were below the detection limit (0.25 mg/L). As a consequence, in the main test only the Al concentration in the test solutions was determined at the beginning and at the end of the test. The 72h NOELR based on growth rate was determined as 46 mg/L. The corresponding EL50 for the growth rate was determined as > 100 mg/L. LOELR and EL50 are based on nominal loading rates.
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