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Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.

The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.

Diss Factsheets

Toxicological information

Dermal absorption

Currently viewing:

Administrative data

Endpoint:
dermal absorption in vivo
Type of information:
migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
Adequacy of study:
key study
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Review of published studies

Data source

Referenceopen allclose all

Reference Type:
other: EU RAR
Title:
European Union Risk Assessment Report: chromium trioxide, sodium chromate, sodium dichromate, ammonium dichromate, potassium dichromate
Author:
European Chemicals Bureau
Year:
2005
Bibliographic source:
3rd Priority List; Volume 53
Reference Type:
review article or handbook
Title:
Criteria Document for Hexavalent Chromium
Author:
Cross HJ et al
Year:
1997
Bibliographic source:
Institute of Occupational Health

Materials and methods

Test guideline
Qualifier:
no guideline followed
Deviations:
not applicable
Principles of method if other than guideline:
The reviews report a number of older investigative studies performed using non-standard methods.
GLP compliance:
no
Remarks:
Older, literature studies

Test material

Constituent 1
Chemical structure
Reference substance name:
Sodium chromate
EC Number:
231-889-5
EC Name:
Sodium chromate
Cas Number:
7775-11-3
Molecular formula:
CrH2O4.2Na
IUPAC Name:
disodium dioxido(dioxo)chromium
Details on test material:
Studies were performed using aqueous solutions of sodium chromate
Radiolabelling:
yes
Remarks:
51Cr

Test animals

Species:
guinea pig
Strain:
not specified
Sex:
not specified

Administration / exposure

Type of coverage:
not specified
Vehicle:
water
Duration of exposure:
Five hours
Doses:
The test material was administered at concentrations of between 0.48 mM to 4.87 M.
No. of animals per group:
Not reported
Control animals:
no
Remarks:
Not required

Results and discussion

Conversion factor human vs. animal skin:
Not relevant

Any other information on results incl. tables

The results of the reviewed studies indicate that the dermal absorption of chromate from water soluble Cr (VI) compounds is likely to be low. Dermal absorption values of 1 -4% were found in guinea-pig studies, however these are likely to be over-estimates.

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:
The dermal absorption of chromate from water-soluble Cr (VI) compounds is likely to be low in occupationally-exposed humans. It is possible that local irritant/corrosive effects may enhance dermal penetration.
Executive summary:

The dermal absorption of Cr (VI) has been stdueis in guinea pigs following the application of aqueous solutions of 51Cr-labelled chromate. Generally less than 1% of the dose was absorbed when animals were exposed to concentrations of between 0.48 mM and 4.87 M for 5 hours. At concentrations of 0.261 M and 0.398 M, 4% and 2.8% of the applied dose was absorbed, respectively. The UK IOH review cautions that, as dermal absorption was deteremined by measuring the disappearance of radiolabel from the applied dose, the reported figures include material residual in the skin at study termination. The reported dermal absorption figures may therefore be overestimates as material in the skin may not be systemically available.

An additional guinea pig study reported absorption (radioactivity in the carcass and excreta) of 1.4% after 24 hours; the findings of this study are therefore consistent with the earlier studies. Based on considerations of the comparative structure of human and guinea-pig skin, it can be concluded that the dermal absorption of water-soluble hexavalent chromium compounds in occupationally-exposed humans is likley to be negligible.