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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 636-196-5 | CAS number: 6902-77-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: screening test, other
- Remarks:
- Screening tests conducted by non-regulatory methods as part of academic research
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- Data found in a variety of publications.
Mostly lacking methodological details but a review document has been prepared
Review includes estimation by modelling - Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Data from academic research found in a variety of publications.
Mostly lacking methodological details but a review document has been prepared
Review includes estimation by modelling - GLP compliance:
- no
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- not specified
- Duration of test (contact time):
- < 14 d
- Details on study design:
- There are a number of publications describing Genipin as a 'biodegradable' crosslinking agent, but it has not been possible to find a formal regulatory study confirming this.
It has therefore been necessary to consider the weight of evidence from the available data and to also consider the modelling of the structure.
The chemical structure (SMILES) was entered in the EPISuite model with the reported melting and boiling point data and experimentally derived water solubility. The KOWWIN estimation tool was used. The results are present below.
Searches were made using key words such as 'genipin biodegradation', 'biodegradability', 'persistence' etc and a number of publications were identified and are referenced at the end of this report. - Reference substance:
- not specified
- Remarks:
- In view of positive results, the identity of any reference to test the viability of the biological system is not critical.
- Test performance:
- Different academic methods used.
QSAR also performed to verify assessed biodegradation - Parameter:
- other: Based on fluoresnce of the test system with genipin at 0.5%
- Value:
- ca. 90
- Sampling time:
- 8 d
- Remarks on result:
- readily biodegradable based on QSAR/QSPR prediction
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- Throughout the literature, genipin is described as a 'biodegradable' cross linking aid, suitable for use in biological matrices where the matrix needs to be metabolised; for example, in skin grafts or post-operation medical applications where the polymer matrix has to breakdown and disappear without leaving residual material in the body.
This application can be used in the repair of eye damage and in other non-medical applications where a biological membrane is needed that ultimately breaks down and 'disappears'.
The most compelling reason to consider genipin biodegradable is that it is synthesised in plants and as a rule, what nature can synthesis, nature can degrade.
Reference
Probability of Rapid Biodegradation (BIOWIN v4.10):
Biowin1 (Linear Model) : 0.6263
Biowin2 (Non-Linear Model) : 0.8309
Expert Survey Biodegradation Results:
Biowin3 (Ultimate Survey Model): 2.9951 (weeks )
Biowin4 (Primary Survey Model) : 3.8729 (days )
MITI Biodegradation Probability:
Biowin5 (MITI Linear Model) : 0.6710
Biowin6 (MITI Non-Linear Model): 0.4423
Anaerobic Biodegradation Probability:
Biowin7 (Anaerobic Linear Model): 0.6016
Ready Biodegradability Prediction: YES
Description of key information
Throughout the literature, genipin is described as a 'biodegradable' cross linking aid, suitable for use in biological matrices where the matrix needs to be metabolised; for example, in skin grafts or post-operation medical applications where the polymer matrix has to breakdown and disappear without leaving residual material in the body.
This application can be used in the repair of eye damage and in other non-medical applications where a biological membrane is needed that ultimately breaks down and 'disappears'.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.