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EC number: 423-860-2 | CAS number: 56309-94-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1997-12-02 till 1998-01-14
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- Adopted June 7, 1984
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- adopted December, 1992
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 8692 (Water Quality - Fresh Water Algal Growth Inhibition Test with Scenedesmus subspicatus and Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Version / remarks:
- 15 November 1989
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- During the test samples of 10 mLwere taken from three concentrations (10, 32 and 180 mg/L) and the negative control at the start and the end of the test. The samples were frozen until analysis.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Stock solutions were prepared at 100 and 180 mg/L in ISO medium. Prior to dilutions, the stock solutions were treated with ultrasonic waves for approximately 15 min and cooled afterwards from a temperature of 29°C to 22.2°C. After preparation, volumes of 50 mL were added to each replicate of the respective test concentration.
- Test organisms (species):
- Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: green algae
- Strain: CCAp 278/4
- Source: not available
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation): 4 days
- Method of cultivation: on agar
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: no, same as test conditions - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Hardness:
- 24 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 22.5 - 23.0°C
- pH:
- 8.5 - 8.0
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 10, 18, 32, 56, 100 and 180 mg/L
Mean measured concentrations: 10.21, not measured, 33.15, not measured, not measured, 174.5 mg/L (Details in Table 1 below) - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: glass vessels
- Material, fill volume: glass, 100 mL
- Aeration: no
- Initial cells density: 10,000 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 554,000 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 5
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): 3
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Preparation of dilution water: ISO medium according to OECD 202
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuous
- Light intensity and quality: TLS lamps of 18 Watt (Philips, Spain), 7500 - 8000 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED
- Determination of cell concentrations: counting chamber at beginning
- Determination of cell densities: spectrophotometric measurement at 720 nm (Lambda, Perkin-Elmer, Illinois, USA; 5 cm cuvette)
Temperature was measured every day, pH at beginning and end of test
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 173.4 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 44.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 83.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 26.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: yes
- Observation of abnormalities: no
- Unusual cell shape: no
- Colour differences: no
- Flocculation: no
- Adherence to test vessels: no
- Aggregation of algal cells: no
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: no
- Any observations that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no
Validation criteria:
In the controls, cell density increased by an average factor of > 16 within 3 days. Analysis of samples showed that the actual exposure concentrations remained above 80 % relative to the initial concentrations. Further, all test conditions remained within the ranges prescribed by the protocol. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The 72-hour EC50 for growth inhibition (EC50; 72h) was 0.60 mg/L. The 72-hour EC50 for growth rate reduction (EC50; 72h) was 1.48 mg/L. These results were in agreement with what was expected on the basis of historical data: The historical ranges of the 72h EC50 for growth inhibition lie between 0.32 and 1.8 mg/L and the 72h EC50 for growth rate reduction lie between 0.56 and 3.2 mg/L.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- An aqueous solution of the test item in an static system revealed an aquatic toxicity towards algae: Growth rate after 72h: EC50: 173.4 mg/L, EC10: 44.7 mg/L, NOEC: 32 mg/L. Biomass after 72h: EC50: 83.2 mg/L, EC10: 26.8 mg/L, NOEC: 32 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
The influence of the test material on the growth and growth rate of the green algae species Desmodesmus subspicatus was tested according to OECD 201 and EU Method C.3. After a range-finding test, a final test was performed exposing exponentially growing algal cultures to the test item in concentrations of 10, 18, 32, 56, 100 and 180 mg/L, increasing with a factor of 1.8. The initial cell density was 10E04 cells/mL. The total test period was 72 hours. Samples for analysis of actual test concentrations were taken at the start and the end of the test period. Analysis of the samples taken during the final test showed that the actual concentrations were in agreement with nominal concentrations (94-109% relative to nominal). All validation criteria were fulfilled. Under the conditions of the present study the test item inhibited cell growth and reduced growth rate of this fresh water algae species significantly at 56 mg/L and higher. The EC50 for cell growth inhibition (EC50; 72h) was 83.2 mg/L with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from 73.2 to 95.2 mg/L. The EC10 for cell growth inhibition (EC10; 72h) was 26.8 mg/L with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from 22.0 to 30.6 mg/L. The EC50 for growth rate reduction (EC50; 72h) was 173.4 mg/L with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from 149.5 to 207.0 mg/L. The EC10 for growth rate reduction (EC10; 72h) was 44.7 mg/L with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from 38.0 to 49.4 mg/L. The NOEC for cell growth inhibition and growth rate reduction was 32 mg/L.
Reference
Table 1: Concentrations of the test item in test medium
Time [hours] |
Concentration [mg/L] |
||
Nominal |
Analysed* |
Relative to nominal [%] |
|
0 |
0 |
n.d. |
n.a. |
10 |
10.6 |
106 |
|
32 |
34.9 |
109 |
|
180 |
170 |
94 |
|
1801 |
176 |
98 |
|
72 |
0 |
n.d. |
n.a. |
10 |
9.82** |
98 |
|
32 |
31.4 |
98 |
|
180 |
179 |
100 |
|
1801 |
187** |
104 |
*Mean of duplicate analysis. The maximum deviation between the responses was calculated for each sample and was < 10%
**Single analysis; one chromatogram was integrated incorrectly
1Without algae
n.d. not detected
n.a. not applicable
Table 2: Mean cell densities during test
Concentrations (mg/L) |
Mean cell densities during exposure (x 104cells /mL) |
|||
0h |
24h |
48h |
72h |
|
0 |
1.00 |
4.55 |
16.5 |
55.4 |
10 |
1.00 |
4.70 |
17.4 |
58.1 |
18 |
1.00 |
4.99 |
16.3 |
53.3 |
32 |
1.00 |
4.94 |
15.2 |
49.4 |
56 |
1.00 |
4.89 |
11.8 |
33.9 |
100 |
1.00 |
4.46 |
7.8 |
14.5 |
180 |
1.00 |
3.97 |
6.2 |
6.8 |
Table 3: Percentage reduction of growth rate at different time intervals
Concentrations (mg/L) |
Growth rate (cells/mL/h1): |
|||
24-72h mean |
Reduction (%) |
0-72h mean |
Reduction (%) |
|
Blank - control |
0.05208 |
|
0.05573 |
|
10.00 |
0.05234 |
-0.5 |
0.05637 |
-1.2 |
18.00 |
0.04930 |
5.3 |
0.05518 |
1.0 |
32.00 |
0.04796 |
7.9 |
0.05415 |
2.8 |
56.00 |
0.04016 |
22.9 |
0.04881 |
12.4 |
100.00 |
0.02445 |
53.0 |
0.03705 |
33.5 |
180.00 |
0.01088 |
79.1 |
0.02641 |
52.6 |
Description of key information
An aqueous solution of the test item in an static system revealed an aquatic toxicity towards algae: Growth rate after 72h: EC50: 173.4 mg/L, EC10: 44.7 mg/L, NOEC: 32 mg/L. Biomass after 72h: EC50: 83.2 mg/L, EC10: 26.8 mg/L, NOEC: 32 mg/L (reference 6.1.5 -1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 173.4 mg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 44.7 mg/L
Additional information
The influence of the test material on the growth and growth rate of the green algae species Desmodesmus subspicatus was tested according to OECD 201 and EU Method C.3. After a range-finding test, a final test was performed exposing exponentially growing algal cultures to the test item in concentrations of 10, 18, 32, 56, 100 and 180 mg/L, increasing with a factor of 1.8. The initial cell density was 10E04 cells/mL. The total test period was 72 hours. Samples for analysis of actual test concentrations were taken at the start and the end of the test period. Analysis of the samples taken during the final test showed that the actual concentrations were in agreement with nominal concentrations (94-109% relative to nominal). All validation criteria were fulfilled. Under the conditions of the present study the test item inhibited cell growth and reduced growth rate of this fresh water algae species significantly at 56 mg/L and higher. The EC50 for cell growth inhibition (EC50; 72h) was 83.2 mg/L with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from 73.2 to 95.2 mg/L. The EC10 for cell growth inhibition (EC10; 72h) was 26.8 mg/L with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from 22.0 to 30.6 mg/L. The EC50 for growth rate reduction (EC50; 72h) was 173.4 mg/L with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from 149.5 to 207.0 mg/L. The EC10 for growth rate reduction (EC10; 72h) was 44.7 mg/L with a 95 % confidence interval ranging from 38.0 to 49.4 mg/L. The NOEC for cell growth inhibition and growth rate reduction was 32 mg/L (reference 6.1.5 -1).
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