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EC number: 278-174-4 | CAS number: 75284-35-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2020
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- Identification: FAT 11127/E TE
Batch: 2024 (Thailand)
Purity: 63.1% total inorganics, 36.9% total organics
Physical State/Appearance: Blue solid
Expiry Date: 06 February 2024
Storage Conditions: Room temperature in the dark. - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples were taken from the control and the 100 mg/L loading rate WAF test group from the bulk test preparation at 0 hours and from the pooled replicates (R1 to R4) at 48 hours for immediate quantitative analysis. Duplicate samples were taken at each occasion and stored frozen for further analysis if necessary.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- water
- Details on test solutions:
- In view of the difficulties associated with the evaluation of aquatic toxicity of poorly water soluble test items, a modification of the standard method for the preparation of aqueous media was performed. In cases where the test item is a complex mixture and is poorly soluble in water, an approach endorsed by several important regulatory authorities in the EU and elsewhere (ECETOC 1996, OECD 2019 and Singer et al 2000), is to expose organisms to a WAF of the test item. Using this approach, aqueous media are prepared by mixing the test item with water for a prolonged period. At the completion of mixing and following a settlement period, the test item phase is separated by siphon and the test organisms exposed to the aqueous phase or WAF (which may contain dissolved test item and/or leachates from the test item). Exposures are expressed in terms of the original concentration of test item in water at the start of the mixing period (loading rate) irrespective of the actual concentration of test item in the WAF.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia
- Strain/clone: Magna
- Age at study initiation: 24h old
- Source: Covance in-house laboratory
- Feeding during test : Each culture was fed daily with a mixture of algal suspension (Raphidocellis subcapitata) and GEMMA Micro 300 fish food suspension. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- 250 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 19 to 20 degC
- pH:
- 8.2 - 8.4
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.6 - 9.0 mg O2/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Range-finding test: 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L.
Definitive Test: 100 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass vessel
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 240 mL
- Volume of solution: 100mL
- Aeration: No
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5 daphnids per vessel
- No. of vessels per concentration: Four
- No. of vessels per control: 5 daphnids per vessel
- No. of vessels per vehicle control: Four
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Alkalinity: 0.9 mmol/L
- Culture medium different from test medium: No
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: If necessary the pH the pH was adjusted with NaOH or HCl.
- Photoperiod: 16 hours of light and 8 hours of dark.
- Light intensity: between 200 and 1200 lux
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED : Immobilization.
VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: yes
RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations: 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L.
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Based on the results of the range-finding test a "limit test" was conducted at a loading rate of 100 mg/L to confirm that at the maximum concentration given in the OECD/EC Test Guidelines no immobilization or adverse reactions to exposure were observed. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EL50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat. (total fraction)
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Details on results:
- - Behavioural abnormalities:
- Mortality of control: none
- Immobilisation of control: 10% (2/20 daphnia were found to be immobilized). - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- 48h EC50 = 0.71 mg/L.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- An estimate of the EL50 values was given by inspection of the immobilization data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The EC50 of test item was found to be greater than 100 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of the test item to Daphnia magna. The method followed was designed to be compatible with the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (April 2004) No 202, "Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test" referenced as Method C.2 of Commission Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008.
Due to the low aqueous solubility and complex nature of the test item, for the purposes of the test, the test medium was prepared as a Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF).
Following a preliminary range-finding test, 20 daphnids (4 replicates of 5 animals) were exposed to a Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) of the test item at a nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L for 48 hours at a temperature of approximately 19 °C to 20 °C under static test conditions. Immobilization and any adverse reactions to exposure were recorded after 24 and 48 hours.
The concentration of copper in the test preparations was determined at 0 and 48 hours by copper analysis with inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometric detection (ICP-MS) using an external standard.
Chemical analysis of the 100 mg/L loading rate WAF at 0 hours showed a measured copper concentration of 2.2 mg/L was obtained (equivalent to 74 mg/L as test item based on a test item copper content of 2.99%).
Chemical analysis of the aged test preparation at 48 hours showed a measured copper concentration of 2.0 mg/L was obtained (equivalent to 68 mg/L as test item).
Given that the toxicity cannot be attributed to a single component or a mixture of components, but to the test item as a whole, the results were based on the nominal loading rate only.
Exposure of Daphnia magna to the test item gave EL50 values of greater than 100 mg/L loading rate WAF. The No Observed Effect Loading (NOEL) rate was 100 mg/L loading rate WAF.
Reference
Range-finding Test
Cumulative immobilization data and other observations from the exposure of Daphnia magna to the test item during the range-finding test. No immobilization or sub-lethal effects of exposure were observed throughout the test. Based on this information a single loading rate of four replicates of 100 mg/L, was selected for the definitive test. This experimental design conforms to a "Limit test" to confirm that no
immobilization or adverse reactions to exposure were observed.
Chemical analysis of the test preparations at 0 hours (see Annex 4) showed measured test copper concentrations to range from 0.018 to 1.7 mg/L. There was no significant change in the measured concentrations at 48 hours.
Definitive test : Chemical Analysis of Test Loading Rates
Chemical analysis of the 100 mg/L loading rate WAF at 0 hours showed a measured copper concentration of less than the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the analytical method employed was obtained which was determined to be 0.027 mg/L. Given that this was lower than expected based on previous analyses of a 100 mg/L loading rate WAF, the duplicate sample which had been stored frozen was analyzed which gave a measured copper concentration of 2.2 mg/L (equivalent to 74 mg/L as test item based on a test item copper content of 2.99%). Chemical analysis of the aged test preparation at 48 hours showed a measured copper concentration of 2.0 mg/L was obtained (equivalent to 68 mg/L as test item).
Given that the toxicity cannot be attributed to a single component or a mixture of components, but to the test item as a whole, the results were based on the nominal loading rate only.
Observations on Test Item Solubility
Observations on the test media were carried out during the mixing and testing of the WAF. At both the start and end of the mixing period, and following a 1-Hour standing period, the 100 mg/L loading rate WAF was observed to have formed an opaque dark purple media column. Visual examination of the WAF at the end of standing showed there to be dispersed test item present and therefore it was considered justifiable to remove the WAF by filtering through two glass wool plugs (2 to 4 cm in length) and two sheets of coarse filter paper to remove as much undissolved test item as possible. Visual observations after filtration showed that dispersed test item remained, however, it was considered that further filtration at this point would not have removed any more of the undissolved test item present. During the test the control preparations were observed to be clear colorless solutions whilst the 100 mg/L loading rate WAF preparations were observed to be very dark purple dispersions
Description of key information
Exposure of Daphnia magna to the test item gave EL50 values of greater than 100 mg/L loading rate WAF. The No Observed Effect Loading (NOEL) rate was 100 mg/L loading rate WAF.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of the test item to Daphnia magna. The method followed was designed to be compatible with the OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals (April 2004) No 202, "Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test" referenced as Method C.2 of Commission Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008.
Due to the low aqueous solubility and complex nature of the test item, for the purposes of the test, the test medium was prepared as a Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF).
Following a preliminary range-finding test, 20 daphnids (4 replicates of 5 animals) were exposed to a Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) of the test item at a nominal loading rate of 100 mg/L for 48 hours at a temperature of approximately 19 to 20 °C under static test conditions. No immobilization or adverse reactions to exposure were recorded after 24 and 48 hours.
Thus,exposure of Daphnia magna to the test item gave EL50 values of greater than 100 mg/L loading rate WAF. The No Observed Effect Loading (NOEL) rate was 100 mg/L loading rate WAF.
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