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EC number: 212-415-6 | CAS number: 814-95-9
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Toxicity of oxalic acid is considered in a read-across approach. In a single oral toxicity test with a 5% aqueous solution of oxalic acid, an LD50 of 9.5 mL/kg was determined in male rats, and an LD50 of 7.5 mL/kg was determined in female rats, under the current test conditions.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Acute toxicity: via oral route
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1977
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Justification for type of information:
- REPORTING FORMAT FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
Further information in a detailed justification report is included as attachment to the same record.
1. HYPOTHESIS FOR THE ANALOGUE APPROACH
For the determination of analogue in this read-across approach, the following points have been considered:
- Chemical speciation and valency (common strontium cation: Sr2+).
- The water solubility, as it provides a first indication of the availability of the metal ion in the different compartments of interest. The most simplistic approach to hazard evaluation is to assume that the specific metal-containing compound to be evaluated shows the same hazards as the most water-soluble compounds.
- In fluids of organisms and in aqueous media, dissociation of strontium oxalate takes place immediately, resulting in formation of strontium cations (Sr2+) and oxalate anions. Thus, any ingestion or absorption of strontium oxalate by living organisms, in case of systemic consideration, will inevitably result of exposure to the dissociation products.
- Oxalic acid is naturally present in organisms because it is involved in biochemical reactions (Robertson 2011). Oxalic acid occurs widely in nature. It is present in the tissues of many plants and algae (US EPA 1992), serving both to excrete and store calcium. Oxalate anion (formed during the dissociation of strontium oxalate) is of low (eco)toxicological relevance when ingested and taken up systemically. Thus, any possible toxicological or ecotoxicological effect triggered by strontium oxalate exposure can be attributed to strontium.
- Counter ions: the assumption that the metal ion is responsible for the common property or effect implies that the toxicity or ecotoxicity of the counter ion present in the compound will be largely irrelevant in producing the effects to be assessed.
- Likely common breakdown products via physical and/or biological processes for the targeted substance (strontium oxalate) and the analogues identified cannot present strong differences since the structures are very simple and very similar (formation of Sr2+ or oxalate ion).
2. SOURCE AND TARGET CHEMICAL(S) (INCLUDING INFORMATION ON PURITY AND IMPURITIES)
Source chemical information is provided in the “source” endpoint. No impurity affecting the classification is reported for the source chemical.
Information on the impurities of the target chemical are detailed in the attached report.
3. ANALOGUE APPROACH JUSTIFICATION
The main hypothesis for the analogue approach are verified. They are presented in the detailed report attached. The experimental data performed on the substance (tests performed in this REACH registration dossier on strontium peroxide) confirms the analogue approach performed (same results on analogues).
4. DATA MATRIX
A data matrix is presented in the detailed report attached. - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Sex:
- male
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 9.5 mL/kg bw
- 95% CL:
- >= 5.4 - <= 12.3
- Remarks on result:
- other: 5% aqueous solution of oxalic acid
- Key result
- Sex:
- female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- 7.5 mL/kg bw
- 95% CL:
- >= 5 - <= 11
- Remarks on result:
- other: 5% aqueous solution of oxalic acid
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 4 based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- This study is performed on oxalic acid, the analogue identified as relevant for assessing the acute toxicity of strontium oxalate. In the single oral toxicity test with a 5% aqueous solution of oxalic acid, an LD50 of 9.5 mL/kg was determined in male rats, and an LD50 of 7.5 mL/kg was determined in female rats, under the current test conditions. Considering a density of 0.813g/mL and the dilution into 5% aqueous solution, the LD50 considered for classification are LD50 = 386.17 in male rats, & LD50 = 304.87 in female rats.
- Executive summary:
In this study, the single oral dose toxicity of 110 organic and inorganic compounds, including oxalic acid, the analogue substance identified in a read-across approach, was tested. For a 5% aqueous solution of oxalic acid, an LD50 of 9.5 mL/kg was determined in male rats, and an LD50 of 7.5 mL/kg was determined in female rats, under the current test conditions. This result is considered relevant for assessment in the strontium oxalate dossier.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Value:
- 304.87 mg/kg bw
Additional information
Justification for classification or non-classification
Oral route :
Toxicity of oxalic acid is considered in a read-across approach. In a single oral toxicity test with a 5% aqueous solution of oxalic acid, an LD50 of 9.5 mL/kg was determined in male rats, and an LD50 of 7.5 mL/kg was determined in female rats, under the current test conditions. Considering a density of 0.813g/mL and the dilution into 5% aqueous solution, the LD50 considered for classification are LD50 = 386.17 in male rats, & LD50 = 304.87 in female rats.
The LD50 in male and female rats are between the cut off values of 300mg/kg bw and 2000 mg/kg bw. Consequently, the substance is classified in category 4 for oral route. Additionally, existing harmonised classification (Index Number 607-007-00-3) for “salts of oxalic acid with the exception of those specified elsewhere in this Annex” should apply. Consequently, the substance is classified as Acute Tox. 4 (H302) for oral route.
Dermal route:
Regarding the classification via dermal route, the substance strontium oxalate is not classified. This is based on the available information on the analogues identified: strontium chloride and oxalic acid. Regarding strontium chloride, the acute toxicity information is limited because of the corrosive property of this analogue. However, the oral acute toxicity was investigated in existing study and no lethal effect was observed. Regarding oxalic acid, dermal toxicity was investigated and no lethal effect was observed either. This analogue is classified in category 4 (dermal acute toxicity) despite this data, according to an existing harmonised classification. In the read-across approach, considering the available data on the two analogue substances identified, it could be predicated that there is no dermal acute toxicity for strontium oxalate. According to the read across approach (detailed in a justification report attached in all read-across endpoints) it can be concluded that the substance strontium oxalate does not need to be classified. Nevertheless, existing harmonised classification (Index Number 607-007-00-3) for “salts of oxalic acid with the exception of those specified elsewhere in this Annex” should apply. Consequently, the substance is classified as Acute Tox. 4 (H312) for dermal route, according to CLP regulation (1272/2008).
Inhalation route:
Inhalation route does not need to be considered for classification because exposure of humans via inhalation is not likely taking into account the vapour pressure of the substance and/or the possibility of exposure to aerosols, particles or droplets of an inhalable size.
In conclusion:
Existing harmonised classification (Index Number 607-007-00-3) for “salts of oxalic acid with the exception of those specified elsewhere in this Annex” should apply. Consequently, the substance is classified as Acute Tox. 4 (H302) for oral route and Acute Tox. 4 (H312) for dermal route.
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