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EC number: 248-387-7 | CAS number: 27287-73-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 06 January 2015 to 04 February 2016
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test (Carbon and Ammonium Oxidation))
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Additional evaluations were performed for this study although an instruction was not given to do them
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Nominal amounts of test item (50, 90 and 160 mg (five replicates of each)) were each separately dispersed in approximately 200 mL of deionized reverse osmosis water and subjected to ultrasonication for approximately 15 minutes followed by magnetic stirring for 24 hours, at temperatures of between 20 °C and 21 °C, in order to maximize the dissolved test item concentration. All test vessels were shielded from the light during mixing. Synthetic sewage (16 mL), activated sewage sludge (250 mL) and water were added to a final volume of 500 mL to give the required concentrations of 100, 180 and 320 mg/L (five replicates of each).
The pH of the test item dispersions were measured after stirring using Hach HQ40d Flexi handheld meter and adjusted to between pH 7.0 to pH 8.0. As it was not a requirement of the Test Guidelines, no analysis was conducted to determine the homogeneity, concentration or stability of the test item formulation.
- Eluate: Water
- Controls: The control group was maintained under identical conditions but not exposed to the test item.
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): Not reported - Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- - Name and location of sewage treatment plant where inoculum was collected: Severn Trent Water Plc sewage treatment plant at Loughborough,Leicestershire, UK
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The activated sewage sludge sample was maintained on continuous aeration in the laboratory at a temperature of approximately 21 ºC overnight prior to use in the test. On the day of collection the activated sewage sludge (10 litres) was fed synthetic sewage (500 mL). - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Test temperature:
- 21 to 22 °C
- pH:
- 7.1 to 7.7 (definitive test)
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 5.8 to 8.2 mg O2/L (definitive test)
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 100, 180 and 320 mg/L
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Volumetric flasks (500 mL)
- Aeration: Continuous aeration
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 5
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- Sludge concentration (weight of dry solids per volume): 3.0 g/L
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Deionized reverse osmosis water containing less than 1 mg/L Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Adjusted to between pH 7.0 and 8.0
- Photoperiod: The test was conducted under normal laboratory lighting for the total exposure duration
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): Dissolved oxygen was continuously recorded
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 10, 100, 1000 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: No statistically significant toxic effects were shown at the test concentration of 10 and 100 mg/L, however statistically significant toxic effects were shown at the test concentration of 1000 mg/L. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- 3,5-dichlorophenol
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Details on results:
- - Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: None. No undissolved test item was visible in any vessel during the test period.
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No
- Blank controls oxygen uptake rate: 43.5 mg O2/L/h
- Coefficient of variation of oxygen uptake rate in control replicates: 2.8% - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The positive control EC50 was 7.8 mg/L and was within the the validation acceptance range for 3,5-dichlorophenol of 2 to 25 mg/L.
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- One way analysis of variance incorporating Bartlett's test for homogeneity of variance (Sokal and Rohlf, 1981) and Dunnett's multiple comparison procedure for comparing several treatments with a control (Dunnett, 1955) was carried out on the oxygen consumption data after 3 hours for the control and all test concentrations to determine any statistically significant differences between the test and control groups. All statistical analyses were performed using the SAS computer software package (SAS, 1999 - 2001).
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The 3-h EC50 for 3,5-dichlorophenol was within the range 2 to 25 mg/L. The specific respiration rate of the blank controls is >= 20 mg O2/g dw/h. The coefficient of variation of oxygen uptake rate in control replicates is <30% at the end of the test.
- Conclusions:
- A study was performed to assess the effect of the test substance on the respiration of activated sewage sludge. The method followed was designed to be compatible with the OECD Guideline 209. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) for the test substance after 3 hours exposure was 100 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
A study was performed to assess the effect of the test substance on the respiration of activated sewage sludge. The method followed was designed to be compatible with the OECD Guideline 209.
Following a preliminary range-finding test, activated sewage sludge was exposed to an aqueous dispersion of the test item at concentrations of 100, 180 and 320 mg/L (5 replicates) for a period of 3 hours at a measured temperature of between 21 and 22°C with the addition of a synthetic sewage as a respiratory substrate. The rate of respiration was determined after 3 hours contact time and compared to data for the control and a reference item, 3,5-dichlorophenol. The reference item gave a 3-Hour EC50 value of 7.8 mg/L, 95% confidence limits 6.1 to 10 mg/L.
No statistically significantly toxic effects were shown at the test concentration of 100 mg/L. However, statistically significantly toxic effects (p < 0.05) were shown at the test concentrations of 180 and 320 mg/L. Based on these results the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) after 3 hours exposure was 100 mg/L.
Reference
Oxygen Consumption Rates and Percentage Inhibition Values after 3 Hours Contact Time in the Definitive Test
- |
Nominal Concentration (mg/L |
Initial O2 Reading (mgO2/L) |
MeasurementPeriod (minutes) |
Final O2 Reading (mgO/L) |
O2 Consumption Rates (mgO/L/hour) |
% Inhibition |
Control
|
R1 |
5.0 |
4 |
2.0 |
45.00 |
- |
R2 |
4.0 |
3 |
1.8 |
44.00 |
- |
|
R3 |
4.1 |
3 |
1.9 |
44.00 |
- |
|
R4 |
4.2 |
3 |
2.0 |
44.00 |
- |
|
R5 |
5.0 |
4 |
2.2 |
42.00 |
- |
|
R6 |
4.9 |
4 |
2.1 |
42.00 |
- |
|
Test Item
|
100 (R1) |
4.1 |
3 |
1.9 |
44.00 |
[1] |
100 (R2) |
5.9 |
6 |
2.0 |
39.00 |
10 |
|
100 (R3) |
4.7 |
4 |
1.8 |
43.50 |
0 |
|
100 (R4) |
4.3 |
3 |
2.2 |
42.00 |
3 |
|
100 (R5) |
4.1 |
3 |
1.9 |
44.00 |
[1] |
|
180 (R1) |
4.9 |
4 |
2.2 |
40.50 |
7 |
|
180 (R2) |
5.0 |
5 |
1.7 |
39.60 |
9 |
|
180 (R3) |
5.0 |
4 |
2.3 |
40.50 |
7 |
|
180 (R4) |
4.7 |
4 |
2.1 |
39.00 |
10 |
|
180 (R5) |
4.8 |
4 |
2.2 |
39.00 |
10 |
|
320 (R1) |
4.5 |
4 |
2.1 |
36.00 |
17 |
|
320 (R2) |
4.9 |
5 |
1.8 |
37.20 |
14 |
|
320 (R3) |
4.9 |
5 |
1.8 |
37.20 |
14 |
|
320 (R4) |
5.8 |
6 |
2.2 |
36.00 |
17 |
|
320 (R5) |
5.6 |
6 |
2.0 |
36.00 |
17 |
|
3,5-dichlorophenol |
3.2 |
5.4 |
6 |
2.2 |
32.00 |
26 |
10 |
6.7 |
10 |
3.6 |
18.60 |
57 |
|
32 |
7.9 |
10 |
7.0 |
5.40 |
88 |
R1 - R6 = Replicates 1 to 6
[ Increase in rate as compared to control]
No statistically significantly toxic effects were shown at the test concentration of 100 mg/L. However, statistically significantly toxic effects (P < 0.05) were shown at the test concentrations of 180 and 320 mg/L. Based on these results the No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) after 3 hours exposure was 100 mg/L.
Description of key information
A study was performed to assess the effect of the test substance on the respiration of activated sewage sludge. The method followed was designed to be compatible with the OECD Guideline 209. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) for the test substance after 3 hours exposure was 100 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
- 100 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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