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EC number: 232-219-4 | CAS number: 7790-75-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: oral
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: oral
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1998-03-24 to 1999-06-24
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Justification for type of information:
- The dissociation of calcium wolframate is reversible and the ratio of the salt /dissociated ions is dependent on the metal-ligand complexation constant of the salt, the composition of the solution and its pH.
Therefore, in the assessment of the ecotoxicity of calcium wolframate, a read-across to data for sodium wolframate/wolfram metal and soluble calcium substances is applied since only the ions of calcium and wolframate are available in the environment and determine the ecotoxicological potential. Due to its electronegativity E0(Ca/Ca2+) = -2,84V calcium is present in the environment only in the divalent cationic form. At high solution pH, i.e. above 12, calcium hydroxide complexes are formed.
Other calcium species, potentially relevant for the environmental of human health hazard assessment, are not present at environmentally or physiologically relevant redox conditions and solution pH.
According to the Hägg-graph and the Pourbaix- diagram wolframate is the dominant species under ENV conditions (Seiler et al., 2005). Anthropogenic use of W utilizes W metal or WC, which are thermodynamically unstable and when introduced into environmental systems begins to alter to a more stable form (WO42-) (Andersson and Bergstrom 2000).
Wolfram metal is (due to its negative potential (-0.09 to -1.074, pH0 -> pH14)) transformed to wolframate which represents the most stable oxidation state of Wolfram. Hence, under physiological conditions wolframic acid, hydrogen wolframate and wolframate co-exist in a pH-dependent manner, irrespective of their origin.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 999
- Report date:
- 1999
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 401 (Acute Oral Toxicity)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Test type:
- standard acute method
- Limit test:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Tungsten
- EC Number:
- 231-143-9
- EC Name:
- Tungsten
- Cas Number:
- 7440-33-7
- Molecular formula:
- W
- IUPAC Name:
- tungsten
- Reference substance name:
- Tungsten metal
- IUPAC Name:
- Tungsten metal
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Tungsten Metal Powder
- Physical state: Grey powder
- Analytical purity: >99%:
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Harlan U.K. Ltd, Bicester, Oxon, England
- Age at study initiation: 4 to 7 wks
- Weight at study initiation: 94 to 112 g
- Fasting period before study: over-night prior to and 4 hrs after dosing
- Housing: in groups of 5 rats of the same sex in metal cages with wire mesh floors
- Diet: ad lib on Special Diet Services RM1(E) SQC expanded pellet
- Water:ad libitum
- Acclimation period: 5 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 20.5 to 22
- Humidity (%): 34 to 59
- Air changes (per hr): 10 to 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
IN-LIFE DATES: From: 1998-03-24 To: 1998-04-09
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- other: 1% aqueous methylcellulose
- Details on oral exposure:
- VEHICLE
- Concentration in vehicle: 20% w/v in 1% w/v aqueous methylcellulose
- MAXIMUM DOSE VOLUME APPLIED: 10mL/kg bodyweight
DOSAGE PREPARATION (if unusual):
Test substance was prepared on the day of dosing.
PRELIMINARY STUDY
2 rats (one female and one male) were treated at 1600 mg/kg bodyweight to establish a dosing regime for the main study. - Doses:
- 2000 mg/kg bodyweight.
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5 males and 5 females
- Control animals:
- no
- Details on study design:
- - Duration of observation period following administration: 7 or 14 days
- Frequency of observations and weighing: Animals were observed soon after dosing and at frequent intervals for the remainder of Day 1. On subsequent days, surviving animals were observed once in the morning and again at the end of the experimental day.
- The body weight of each rat was recorded on Days 1 (prior to dosing ), 8 and 15 or at death. Individual weekly bodyweight changes and group mean bodyweights were calculated.
- Necropsy of survivors performed: yes
- Clinical signs: The nature and severity of the clinical signs and time were recorded at each observation.
- Macroscopic pathology: All animals were subjected to a macroscopic examination, which consisted of opening the cranial, abdominal and thoracic cavities. The macroscopic appearance of all tissues was recorded.
Results and discussion
- Preliminary study:
- There were no deaths. Clinical signs included: piloerection and hunched posture was seen in both animals. There was increased sensitivity to touch observed in the male rat only. Bodyweight gains were considered satisfactory for studies of this nature and duration. No macroscopic abnormalities were noted at the terminal necropsy on Day 8 of this preliminary study. On the basis of the above findings, 2000mg/kg was selected as the dosage in the main study.
Effect levels
- Key result
- Sex:
- male/female
- Dose descriptor:
- LD50
- Effect level:
- > 2 000 mg/kg bw
- Mortality:
- In the main study, one female (out of a group of 10 rats-5 males and 5 females) died 2 days after a single oral administration of Tungsten Metal powder at a dose level of 2000 mg/kg. Macroscopic examination, where possible, revealed enlarged tissues and fluid contents in stomach.
- Clinical signs:
- other: Piloerection was observed in all rats within seven minutes of dosing. This sign persisted and was accompanied by hunched posture seen in all rats with abnormal faeces (characterised by soft to liquid faeces) and ungroomed appearance (characterised by soi
- Gross pathology:
- No macroscopic abnormalities were noted at the terminal necropsy on Day 15.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- The acute oral lethal oral dose (LD50) to rats of Tungsten Metal Powder was demonstrated to be greater than 2000 mg/kg bodyweight.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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