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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 254-259-1 | CAS number: 39049-04-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Case study of a 62 years old man. Material safety datasheets obtained from the company indicated that the patient had been exposed to a number of compounds, including talc, zinc stearate, iron compounds, asbestos, aluminum oxide, silica, zirconium oxide, and traces of other metals. In addition, the patient smoked. Overall, it is difficult to clearly attribute the observed effects to zirconium exposure (as 90% zirconium oxide and 10% "respirable quartz". In addition, there was no information on the exposure levels on the workplace of the patient.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Zirconium Compound-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Author:
- Bartter T; Irwin RS; Abraham JL; Dascal A; Nash G; Himmelstein J; Jederlinic PJ
- Year:
- 1 991
- Bibliographic source:
- Arch Intern Med - Vol 151, pages 1197-1201
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- clinical case study
- Endpoint addressed:
- repeated dose toxicity: inhalation
- GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 90% zirconium oxide and 10% "respirable quartz"
- IUPAC Name:
- 90% zirconium oxide and 10% "respirable quartz"
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Zirox B with a chemical composition of 90% zirconium as zirconium oxide and 10% "respirable quartz".
Constituent 1
Method
- Subjects:
- A 62-year old man with a chief complaint of dyspnoea that had increased gradually during the preceding 25 years. Twenty-five years earlier, he had seen a physician for a complaint of dyspnoea and had been told that he had emphysema and needed to stop smoking. He did stop, having smoked two packs a day for the preceding 20 years. His dyspnoea, nonetheless, gradually increased. Ten years before the current examination, he had again sought medical care for his dyspnoea and again had been told that he had emphysema. No specific therapy was given. He had no other medical problems and was never taking any medications. The patient had never had pulmonary function tests before; early diagnoses had apparently been based on his smoking history and his symptoms. How roentgenographic abnormalities had been interpolated into the diagnosis is unclear. From the patient's medical history, no evidence could be found that the home environment involved exposure to any agent capable of causing hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The patient had worked at various odd jobs until the age of 22 years. He had begun to work at the lens-grinding department of an optical company in 1946, at the age of 24 years, and had continued to work there until retirement 39 years later. At the optical company, he had been involved in the grinding, polishing, pitting, and blocking of lenses. Material safety datasheets obtained from the company indicated that the patient had been exposed to a number of compounds, including talc, zinc stearate, iron compounds, asbestos, aluminium oxide, silica, zirconium oxide, and traces of other metals. The patient had never worn a mask when at work. According to the patient, his greatest dust exposures had taken place during the blocking operation, which involved the use of talcum powder, and the polishing operation, which involved the use of a compound called Zirox B.
- Route of exposure:
- inhalation
- Reason of exposure:
- unintentional, occupational
- Exposure assessment:
- not specified
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- This patient had a progressive, prolonged decline in functional status that had been misdiagnosed clinically as emphysema; when studied objectively, pulmonary function tests, chest roentgenograms, and lung tissue documented interstitial fibrosis and restriction without obstruction.
Any other information on results incl. tables
The presence of severe pulmonary fibrosis in a man with a history chest roentgenograms documenting slow progression of disease over many years. Salient in his workup were the presence of markedly elevated levels of zirconium in lung tissue and the absence of evidence of another cause of pulmonary fibrosis. The case reported suggests that zirconium should be considered a possible cause of pulmonary fibrosis and that appropriate precautions should be taken in the workplace wherever and whenever workers are exposed to zirconium. Unfortunately, there was no information on exposure levels in the workplace of the patient and no comment was made on the adequacy of the permitted levels of exposure to zirconium.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- The publication reported a case study of a 62 years old man with pulmonary fibrosis. Material safety datasheets obtained from the company indicated that the patient had been exposed to a number of compounds, including talc, zinc stearate, iron compounds, asbestos, aluminum oxide, silica, zirconium oxide, and traces of other metals. In addition, the patient smoked. Overall, it is difficult to clearly attribute the observed effects to zirconium exposure (as 90% zirconium oxide and 10% "respirable quartz". In addition, there was no information on the exposure levels on the workplace of the patient. Based on these criteria, it can be concluded that the data provided in the publication are not reliable.
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